- Author:
- pmr2.import <nobody@models.cellml.org>
- Date:
- 2006-07-09 07:34:13+12:00
- Desc:
- committing version01 of salem_saidel_stanley_cabrera_2002
- Permanent Source URI:
- https://models.physiomeproject.org/workspace/salem_saidel_stanley_cabrera_2002/rawfile/9ff33b44146c151d783eb1c4aff7a1c23c352a44/salem_saidel_stanley_cabrera_2002.cellml
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<!-- FILE : salem_model_2002.xml
CREATED : 20th August 2002
LAST MODIFIED : 9th April 2003
AUTHOR : Autumn A. Cuellar
Bioengineering Institute
The University of Auckland
MODEL STATUS : This model conforms to the CellML 1.0 Specification released on
10th August 2001, and the CellML Metadata 1.0 Specification released on 16th
January, 2002.
DESCRIPTION : This file contains a CellML description of Salem et al's 2002 mathematical model of the mechanical properties of myocardial energy metabolism under normal and ischemic conditions.
CHANGES:
09/04/2003 - AAC - Added publication date information.
--><model xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" xmlns:cmeta="http://www.cellml.org/metadata/1.0#" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:bqs="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#" xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:pathway_editor="http://www.physiome.com/pathway_editor/1.0#" xmlns:vCard="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#" cmeta:id="salem_saidel_stanley_cabrera_2002_version01" name="salem_saidel_stanley_cabrera_2002_version01">
<documentation xmlns="http://cellml.org/tmp-documentation">
<article>
<articleinfo>
<title>Mathematical Mechanistic Model of Myocardial Metabolism during Ischemia</title>
<author>
<firstname>Autumn</firstname>
<othername>A.</othername>
<surname>Cuellar</surname>
<affiliation>
<shortaffil>Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland</shortaffil>
</affiliation>
</author>
</articleinfo>
<section id="sec_status">
<title>Model Status</title>
<para>
This is the original unchecked version of the model imported from the previous
CellML model repository, 24-Jan-2006.
</para>
</section>
<sect1 id="sec_structure">
<title>Model Structure</title>
<para>
In myocardial ischemia, or the reduction of blood flow to the heart, myocardial oxygen consumption and pyruvate oxidation decreases, glycolysis becomes accelerated, and lactate accumulates. To better understand myocardial metabolism under ischemic conditions, Jennifer Salem <emphasis>et al.</emphasis> developed a quantitative mechanistic model in their 2002 paper (see <xref linkend="fig_reaction_diagram"/> below). They modelled a 60% reduction of coronary blood flow and found that at the onset of ischemia, the concentration of lactate in myocytes increased, and the myocardium switched from a net consumer of lactate to a net producer. After sixty minutes of ischemia, the glycogen concentration was reduced by 60%, phosphocreatine by 75%, and ATP by 50%. Furthermore, their model predicts a rapid 13-fold increase in the ratio of NADH to NAD<superscript>+</superscript>, but only a twofold increase in the ratio of acetyl-CoA to free-CoA. These predictions are consistent with the idea that pyruvate oxidation is inhibited during ischemia partially by the rise in NADH/NAD<superscript>+</superscript>.
</para>
<para>
The complete original paper reference is cited below:
</para>
<para>
<ulink url="http://ojps.aip.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal&id=ABMECF000030000002000202000001&idtype=cvips&gifs=Yes">Mechanistic Model of Myocardial Energy Metabolism Under Normal and Ischemic Conditions</ulink>, Jennifer E. Salem, Gerald M. Saidel, William C. Stanley, and Marco E. Cabrera, 2002, <ulink url="http://www.ruf.rice.edu/~abme/annals.html">
<emphasis>Annals of Biomedical Engineering</emphasis>
</ulink>, 30, 202-216. (A PDF of the article is available to subscribers on the <emphasis>Annals of Biomedical Engineering</emphasis> website.) <ulink url="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11962772&dopt=Abstract">PubMed ID: 11962772</ulink>
</para>
<para>
The raw CellML description of the mathematical model of myocardial metabolism under ischemic conditions can be downloaded in various formats as described in <xref linkend="sec_download_this_model"/>.
</para>
<informalfigure float="0" id="fig_reaction_diagram">
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
<objectinfo>
<title>Schematic diagrams of the RyR models</title>
</objectinfo>
<imagedata fileref="salem_2002.png"/>
</imageobject>
</mediaobject>
<caption>The reaction pathway of the Salem <emphasis>et al</emphasis>. model. Glucose (through the GLUT transporters), lactate, CO<subscript>2</subscript>, O<subscript>2</subscript>, and palmitate (fatty acids) are the only species in this model considered to transfer between the blood and myocytes.</caption>
</informalfigure>
</sect1>
</article>
</documentation>
<!--============================================================================ Units definitions
=============================================================================-->
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<unit units="mole" prefix="micro"/>
<unit units="litre" prefix="milli" exponent="-1"/>
</units>
<units name="minute">
<unit units="second" multiplier="60"/>
</units>
<units name="per_minute">
<unit units="minute" exponent="-1"/>
</units>
<units name="flux">
<unit units="uM" exponent="1"/>
<unit units="minute" exponent="-1"/>
</units>
<!--============================================================================ Species definitions
=============================================================================-->
<!--
The "global_variables" component is used to declare variables that are used
by all or most of the other components, in this case just "time".
-->
<component name="global_variables">
<variable units="minute" public_interface="out" name="time"/>
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<!--
The following components describe all the reactants and products involved in
reactions.
-->
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<variable units="flux" public_interface="in" name="delta3_ATP"/>
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<variable units="flux" public_interface="in" name="delta_glucose"/>
<variable units="minute" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
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<component cmeta:id="palmitate" name="palmitate">
<variable units="uM" public_interface="out" name="palmitate" initial_value="0.021"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="in" name="delta1_palmitate"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="in" name="delta2_palmitate"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="in" name="delta3_palmitate"/>
<variable units="minute" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<variable units="per_minute" name="F"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="sigma" initial_value="13.2"/>
<variable units="uM" name="AB" initial_value="0.5"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>palmitate</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3.0</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>delta1_palmitate</ci>
<ci>delta2_palmitate</ci>
<ci>delta3_palmitate</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>F</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>AB</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>sigma</ci>
<ci>palmitate</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component cmeta:id="glycerol" name="glycerol">
<variable units="uM" public_interface="out" name="glycerol" initial_value="1.0"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="in" name="delta1_glycerol"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="in" name="delta2_glycerol"/>
<variable units="minute" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>glycerol</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>delta1_glycerol</ci>
<ci>delta2_glycerol</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component cmeta:id="triglyceride" name="triglyceride">
<variable units="uM" public_interface="out" name="triglyceride" initial_value="3.96"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="in" name="delta1_triglyceride"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="in" name="delta2_triglyceride"/>
<variable units="minute" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>triglyceride</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>delta1_triglyceride</ci>
<ci>delta2_triglyceride</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component cmeta:id="O2" name="O2">
<variable units="uM" public_interface="out" name="O2" initial_value="0.963"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="in" name="delta_O2"/>
<variable units="minute" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<variable units="per_minute" name="F"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="sigma" initial_value="1.0"/>
<variable units="uM" name="AB" initial_value="6.53"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>O2</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3.0</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>delta_O2</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>F</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>AB</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>sigma</ci>
<ci>O2</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<!--============================================================================ Reaction components
=============================================================================-->
<component name="ATP_ADP_rxn">
<variable units="uM" public_interface="in" name="ATP"/>
<variable units="uM" public_interface="in" name="ADP"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="out" name="delta_ATP"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="out" name="delta_ADP"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="k"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="k_"/>
<variable units="flux" name="rate"/>
<reaction reversible="yes">
<variable_ref variable="ATP">
<role stoichiometry="1" delta_variable="delta_ATP" role="reactant"/>
</variable_ref>
<variable_ref variable="ADP">
<role stoichiometry="1" delta_variable="delta_ADP" role="product"/>
</variable_ref>
<variable_ref variable="rate">
<role role="rate">
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>rate</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k</ci>
<ci>ATP</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k_</ci>
<ci>ADP</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</role>
</variable_ref>
</reaction>
</component>
<component name="NAD_plus_NADH_rxn">
<variable units="uM" public_interface="in" name="NAD_plus"/>
<variable units="uM" public_interface="in" name="NADH"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="out" name="delta_NAD_plus"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="out" name="delta_NADH"/>
<variable units="flux" name="k"/>
<variable units="flux" name="k_"/>
<variable units="flux" name="rate"/>
<reaction reversible="yes">
<variable_ref variable="NAD_plus">
<role stoichiometry="1" delta_variable="delta_NAD_plus" role="reactant"/>
</variable_ref>
<variable_ref variable="NADH">
<role stoichiometry="1" delta_variable="delta_NADH" role="product"/>
</variable_ref>
<variable_ref variable="rate">
<role role="rate">
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>rate</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k</ci>
<ci>NAD_plus</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k_</ci>
<ci>NADH</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</role>
</variable_ref>
</reaction>
</component>
<component name="glycolysis_1">
<variable units="uM" public_interface="in" name="ATP"/>
<variable units="uM" public_interface="in" name="glucose"/>
<variable units="uM" public_interface="in" name="ADP"/>
<variable units="uM" public_interface="in" name="G6P"/>
<variable units="uM" public_interface="in" name="H"/>
<variable units="uM" public_interface="in" name="CR"/>
<variable units="uM" public_interface="in" name="PC"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="out" name="delta_ATP"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="out" name="delta_glucose"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="out" name="delta_ADP"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="out" name="delta_G6P"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="out" name="delta_H"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="k"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="Vm" initial_value="5.90"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="CS" initial_value="1.0"/>
<variable units="flux" name="rate"/>
<reaction reversible="no">
<variable_ref variable="ATP">
<role stoichiometry="1" delta_variable="delta_ATP" role="reactant"/>
</variable_ref>
<variable_ref variable="glucose">
<role stoichiometry="1" delta_variable="delta_glucose" role="reactant"/>
</variable_ref>
<variable_ref variable="ADP">
<role stoichiometry="1" delta_variable="delta_ADP" role="product"/>
</variable_ref>
<variable_ref variable="G6P">
<role stoichiometry="1" delta_variable="delta_G6P" role="product"/>
</variable_ref>
<variable_ref variable="H">
<role stoichiometry="1" delta_variable="delta_H" role="product"/>
</variable_ref>
<variable_ref variable="rate">
<role role="rate">
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>k</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Vm</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>CR</ci>
<ci>PC</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>CS</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>CR</ci>
<ci>PC</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>rate</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k</ci>
<ci>ATP</ci>
<ci>glucose</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<!-- Two different rate eqns are given in the paper.
<apply><eq/>
<ci>rate</ci>
<apply><divide/>
<apply><times/>
<ci>glucose</ci>
<ci>vmax</ci>
</apply>
<apply><plus/>
<ci>km</ci>
<ci>glucose</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
-->
</math>
</role>
</variable_ref>
</reaction>
</component>
<component name="glycolysis_2">
<variable units="uM" public_interface="in" name="G6P"/>
<variable units="uM" public_interface="in" name="ADP"/>
<variable units="uM" public_interface="in" name="NAD_plus"/>
<variable units="uM" public_interface="in" name="Pi"/>
<variable units="uM" public_interface="in" name="ATP"/>
<variable units="uM" public_interface="in" name="H2O"/>
<variable units="uM" public_interface="in" name="H"/>
<variable units="uM" public_interface="in" name="pyruvate"/>
<variable units="uM" public_interface="in" name="NADH"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="out" name="delta_G6P"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="out" name="delta_ADP"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="out" name="delta_NAD_plus"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="out" name="delta_Pi"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="out" name="delta_ATP"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="out" name="delta_H2O"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="out" name="delta_H"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="out" name="delta_pyruvate"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="out" name="delta_NADH"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="k"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="epsilon" initial_value="0.254"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="Lm" initial_value="2.82"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="PS" initial_value="0.2"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="RS" initial_value="9.009"/>
<variable units="flux" name="rate"/>
<reaction reversible="no">
<variable_ref variable="G6P">
<role stoichiometry="1" delta_variable="delta_G6P" role="reactant"/>
</variable_ref>
<variable_ref variable="ADP">
<role stoichiometry="3" delta_variable="delta_ADP" role="reactant"/>
</variable_ref>
<variable_ref variable="NAD_plus">
<role stoichiometry="2" delta_variable="delta_NAD_plus" role="reactant"/>
</variable_ref>
<variable_ref variable="Pi">
<role stoichiometry="2" delta_variable="delta_Pi" role="reactant"/>
</variable_ref>
<variable_ref variable="ATP">
<role stoichiometry="3" delta_variable="delta_ATP" role="product"/>
</variable_ref>
<variable_ref variable="H2O">
<role stoichiometry="2" delta_variable="delta_H2O" role="product"/>
</variable_ref>
<variable_ref variable="H">
<role stoichiometry="1" delta_variable="delta_H" role="product"/>
</variable_ref>
<variable_ref variable="pyruvate">
<role stoichiometry="2" delta_variable="delta_pyruvate" role="product"/>
</variable_ref>
<variable_ref variable="NADH">
<role stoichiometry="2" delta_variable="delta_NADH" role="product"/>
</variable_ref>
<variable_ref variable="rate">
<role role="rate">
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>k</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Lm</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>epsilon</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>ADP</ci>
<ci>ATP</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>PS</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>ADP</ci>
<ci>ATP</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1.0</cn>
<ci>epsilon</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>NAD_plus</ci>
<ci>NADH</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>RS</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>NAD_plus</ci>
<ci>NADH</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>rate</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k</ci>
<ci>G6P</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>ADP</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3.0</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>NAD_plus</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2.0</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>Pi</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2.0</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</role>
</variable_ref>
</reaction>
</component>
<component name="lumped_glycogenesis">
<variable units="uM" public_interface="in" name="G6P"/>
<variable units="uM" public_interface="in" name="ATP"/>
<variable units="uM" public_interface="in" name="H2O"/>
<variable units="uM" public_interface="in" name="glycogen_n"/>
<variable units="uM" public_interface="in" name="glycogen_n_plus_1"/>
<variable units="uM" public_interface="in" name="ADP"/>
<variable units="uM" public_interface="in" name="Pi"/>
<variable units="uM" public_interface="in" name="PC"/>
<variable units="uM" public_interface="in" name="CR"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="out" name="delta_G6P"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="out" name="delta_ATP"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="out" name="delta_H2O"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="out" name="delta_glycogen_n"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="out" name="delta_glycogen_n_plus_1"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="out" name="delta_ADP"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="out" name="delta_Pi"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="k"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="Lm" initial_value="3.14"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="PS" initial_value="5.0"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="CS" initial_value="1.0"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="epsilon" initial_value="0.5"/>
<variable units="flux" name="rate"/>
<reaction reversible="no">
<variable_ref variable="G6P">
<role stoichiometry="1" delta_variable="delta_G6P" role="reactant"/>
</variable_ref>
<variable_ref variable="ATP">
<role stoichiometry="1" delta_variable="delta_ATP" role="reactant"/>
</variable_ref>
<variable_ref variable="H2O">
<role stoichiometry="1" delta_variable="delta_H2O" role="reactant"/>
</variable_ref>
<variable_ref variable="glycogen_n">
<role stoichiometry="1" delta_variable="delta_glycogen_n" role="reactant"/>
</variable_ref>
<variable_ref variable="glycogen_n_plus_1">
<role stoichiometry="1" delta_variable="delta_glycogen_n_plus_1" role="product"/>
</variable_ref>
<variable_ref variable="ADP">
<role stoichiometry="1" delta_variable="delta_ADP" role="product"/>
</variable_ref>
<variable_ref variable="Pi">
<role stoichiometry="2" delta_variable="delta_Pi" role="product"/>
</variable_ref>
<variable_ref variable="rate">
<role role="rate">
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>k</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Lm</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>epsilon</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>ATP</ci>
<ci>ADP</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>PS</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>ATP</ci>
<ci>ADP</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1.0</cn>
<ci>epsilon</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>PC</ci>
<ci>CR</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>CS</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>PC</ci>
<ci>CR</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>rate</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k</ci>
<ci>G6P</ci>
<ci>ATP</ci>
<ci>H2O</ci>
<ci>glycogen_n</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</role>
</variable_ref>
</reaction>
</component>
<component name="glycogenolysis">
<variable units="uM" public_interface="in" name="glycogen_n_plus_1"/>
<variable units="uM" public_interface="in" name="Pi"/>
<variable units="uM" public_interface="in" name="glycogen_n"/>
<variable units="uM" public_interface="in" name="G6P"/>
<variable units="uM" public_interface="in" name="CR"/>
<variable units="uM" public_interface="in" name="PC"/>
<variable units="uM" public_interface="in" name="ADP"/>
<variable units="uM" public_interface="in" name="ATP"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="out" name="delta_glycogen_n_plus_1"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="out" name="delta_Pi"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="out" name="delta_glycogen_n"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="out" name="delta_G6P"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="k"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="epsilon" initial_value="0.5"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="Lm" initial_value="2.82"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="PS" initial_value="0.2"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="CS" initial_value="1.0"/>
<variable units="flux" name="rate"/>
<reaction reversible="no">
<variable_ref variable="glycogen_n_plus_1">
<role stoichiometry="1" delta_variable="delta_glycogen_n_plus_1" role="reactant"/>
</variable_ref>
<variable_ref variable="Pi">
<role stoichiometry="1" delta_variable="delta_Pi" role="reactant"/>
</variable_ref>
<variable_ref variable="glycogen_n">
<role stoichiometry="1" delta_variable="delta_glycogen_n" role="product"/>
</variable_ref>
<variable_ref variable="G6P">
<role stoichiometry="1" delta_variable="delta_G6P" role="product"/>
</variable_ref>
<variable_ref variable="rate">
<role role="rate">
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>k</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Lm</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>epsilon</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>ADP</ci>
<ci>ATP</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>PS</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>ADP</ci>
<ci>ATP</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1.0</cn>
<ci>epsilon</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>CR</ci>
<ci>PC</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>CS</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>CR</ci>
<ci>PC</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>rate</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k</ci>
<ci>glycogen_n_plus_1</ci>
<ci>Pi</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</role>
</variable_ref>
</reaction>
</component>
<component name="lumped_pyruvate_oxidation">
<variable units="uM" public_interface="in" name="pyruvate"/>
<variable units="uM" public_interface="in" name="NAD_plus"/>
<variable units="uM" public_interface="in" name="CoA"/>
<variable units="uM" public_interface="in" name="NADH"/>
<variable units="uM" public_interface="in" name="CO2"/>
<variable units="uM" public_interface="in" name="Acetyl_CoA"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="out" name="delta_pyruvate"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="out" name="delta_NAD_plus"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="out" name="delta_CoA"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="out" name="delta_NADH"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="out" name="delta_CO2"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="out" name="delta_Acetyl_CoA"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="k"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="epsilon" initial_value="0.98"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="Lm" initial_value="12.6"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="AF" initial_value="1.91"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="RS" initial_value="9.009"/>
<variable units="flux" name="rate"/>
<reaction reversible="no">
<variable_ref variable="pyruvate">
<role stoichiometry="1" delta_variable="delta_pyruvate" role="reactant"/>
</variable_ref>
<variable_ref variable="NAD_plus">
<role stoichiometry="1" delta_variable="delta_NAD_plus" role="reactant"/>
</variable_ref>
<variable_ref variable="CoA">
<role stoichiometry="1" delta_variable="delta_CoA" role="reactant"/>
</variable_ref>
<variable_ref variable="NADH">
<role stoichiometry="1" delta_variable="delta_NADH" role="product"/>
</variable_ref>
<variable_ref variable="CO2">
<role stoichiometry="1" delta_variable="delta_CO2" role="product"/>
</variable_ref>
<variable_ref variable="Acetyl_CoA">
<role stoichiometry="1" delta_variable="delta_Acetyl_CoA" role="product"/>
</variable_ref>
<variable_ref variable="rate">
<role role="rate">
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>k</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Lm</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>epsilon</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>NAD_plus</ci>
<ci>NADH</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>RS</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>NAD_plus</ci>
<ci>NADH</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1.0</cn>
<ci>epsilon</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>CoA</ci>
<ci>Acetyl_CoA</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>AF</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>CoA</ci>
<ci>Acetyl_CoA</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>rate</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k</ci>
<ci>pyruvate</ci>
<ci>NAD_plus</ci>
<ci>CoA</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</role>
</variable_ref>
</reaction>
</component>
<component name="lumped_pyruvate_reduction">
<variable units="uM" public_interface="in" name="pyruvate"/>
<variable units="uM" public_interface="in" name="NADH"/>
<variable units="uM" public_interface="in" name="H"/>
<variable units="uM" public_interface="in" name="lactate"/>
<variable units="uM" public_interface="in" name="NAD_plus"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="out" name="delta_pyruvate"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="out" name="delta_NADH"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="out" name="delta_H"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="out" name="delta_lactate"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="out" name="delta_NAD_plus"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="k"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="k_"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="Lm" initial_value="1.8"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="Lm_" initial_value="0.96"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="RS" initial_value="0.111"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="RS_" initial_value="9.009"/>
<variable units="flux" name="rate"/>
<reaction reversible="yes">
<variable_ref variable="pyruvate">
<role stoichiometry="1" direction="forward" delta_variable="delta_pyruvate" role="reactant"/>
</variable_ref>
<variable_ref variable="NADH">
<role stoichiometry="1" direction="forward" delta_variable="delta_NADH" role="reactant"/>
</variable_ref>
<variable_ref variable="H">
<role stoichiometry="1" direction="forward" delta_variable="delta_H" role="reactant"/>
</variable_ref>
<variable_ref variable="lactate">
<role stoichiometry="1" direction="forward" delta_variable="delta_lactate" role="product"/>
</variable_ref>
<variable_ref variable="NAD_plus">
<role stoichiometry="1" direction="forward" delta_variable="delta_NAD_plus" role="product"/>
</variable_ref>
<variable_ref variable="rate">
<role role="rate">
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>k</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Lm</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>NADH</ci>
<ci>NAD_plus</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>RS</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>NADH</ci>
<ci>NAD_plus</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>k_</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Lm_</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>NAD_plus</ci>
<ci>NADH</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>RS_</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>NAD_plus</ci>
<ci>NADH</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>rate</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k</ci>
<ci>pyruvate</ci>
<ci>NADH</ci>
<ci>H</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k_</ci>
<ci>lactate</ci>
<ci>NAD_plus</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</role>
</variable_ref>
</reaction>
</component>
<component name="lumped_citric_acid_cycle">
<variable units="uM" public_interface="in" name="NAD_plus"/>
<variable units="uM" public_interface="in" name="ADP"/>
<variable units="uM" public_interface="in" name="H2O"/>
<variable units="uM" public_interface="in" name="Pi"/>
<variable units="uM" public_interface="in" name="Acetyl_CoA"/>
<variable units="uM" public_interface="in" name="NADH"/>
<variable units="uM" public_interface="in" name="CoA"/>
<variable units="uM" public_interface="in" name="H"/>
<variable units="uM" public_interface="in" name="ATP"/>
<variable units="uM" public_interface="in" name="CO2"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="out" name="delta_NAD_plus"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="out" name="delta_ADP"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="out" name="delta_H2O"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="out" name="delta_Pi"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="out" name="delta_Acetyl_CoA"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="out" name="delta_NADH"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="out" name="delta_CoA"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="out" name="delta_H"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="out" name="delta_ATP"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="out" name="delta_CO2"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="k"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="epsilon" initial_value="0.775"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="Lm" initial_value="626.1"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="CoA_init" initial_value="113"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="RS" initial_value="9.009"/>
<variable units="flux" name="rate"/>
<reaction reversible="no">
<variable_ref variable="NAD_plus">
<role stoichiometry="11" delta_variable="delta_NAD_plus" role="reactant"/>
</variable_ref>
<variable_ref variable="ADP">
<role stoichiometry="3" delta_variable="delta_ADP" role="reactant"/>
</variable_ref>
<variable_ref variable="H2O">
<role stoichiometry="6" delta_variable="delta_H2O" role="reactant"/>
</variable_ref>
<variable_ref variable="Pi">
<role stoichiometry="3" delta_variable="delta_Pi" role="reactant"/>
</variable_ref>
<variable_ref variable="Acetyl_CoA">
<role stoichiometry="3" delta_variable="delta_Acetyl_CoA" role="reactant"/>
</variable_ref>
<variable_ref variable="NADH">
<role stoichiometry="11" delta_variable="delta_NADH" role="product"/>
</variable_ref>
<variable_ref variable="CoA">
<role stoichiometry="3" delta_variable="delta_CoA" role="product"/>
</variable_ref>
<variable_ref variable="H">
<role stoichiometry="6" delta_variable="delta_H" role="product"/>
</variable_ref>
<variable_ref variable="ATP">
<role stoichiometry="3" delta_variable="delta_ATP" role="product"/>
</variable_ref>
<variable_ref variable="CO2">
<role stoichiometry="6" delta_variable="delta_CO2" role="product"/>
</variable_ref>
<variable_ref variable="rate">
<role role="rate">
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>k</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Lm</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>epsilon</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>NAD_plus</ci>
<ci>NADH</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>RS</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>NAD_plus</ci>
<ci>NADH</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1.0</cn>
<ci>epsilon</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>CoA</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>CoA_init</ci>
<ci>CoA</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>rate</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>NAD_plus</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">11.0</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>ADP</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3.0</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>H2O</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">6.0</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>Pi</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3.0</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>Acetyl_CoA</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3.0</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</role>
</variable_ref>
</reaction>
</component>
<component name="lumped_palmitate_oxidation">
<variable units="uM" public_interface="in" name="H2O"/>
<variable units="uM" public_interface="in" name="ATP"/>
<variable units="uM" public_interface="in" name="NAD_plus"/>
<variable units="uM" public_interface="in" name="CoA"/>
<variable units="uM" public_interface="in" name="palmitate"/>
<variable units="uM" public_interface="in" name="Acetyl_CoA"/>
<variable units="uM" public_interface="in" name="NADH"/>
<variable units="uM" public_interface="in" name="H"/>
<variable units="uM" public_interface="in" name="Pi"/>
<variable units="uM" public_interface="in" name="ADP"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="out" name="delta_H2O"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="out" name="delta_ATP"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="out" name="delta_NAD_plus"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="out" name="delta_CoA"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="out" name="delta_palmitate"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="out" name="delta_Acetyl_CoA"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="out" name="delta_NADH"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="out" name="delta_H"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="out" name="delta_Pi"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="out" name="delta_ADP"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="k"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="Lm" initial_value="21.3"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="epsilon" initial_value="0.6"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="AF" initial_value="1.91"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="RS" initial_value="9.009"/>
<variable units="flux" name="rate"/>
<reaction reversible="no">
<variable_ref variable="H2O">
<role stoichiometry="21" delta_variable="delta_H2O" role="reactant"/>
</variable_ref>
<variable_ref variable="ATP">
<role stoichiometry="6" delta_variable="delta_ATP" role="reactant"/>
</variable_ref>
<variable_ref variable="NAD_plus">
<role stoichiometry="35" delta_variable="delta_NAD_plus" role="reactant"/>
</variable_ref>
<variable_ref variable="CoA">
<role stoichiometry="24" delta_variable="delta_CoA" role="reactant"/>
</variable_ref>
<variable_ref variable="palmitate">
<role stoichiometry="3" delta_variable="delta_palmitate" role="reactant"/>
</variable_ref>
<variable_ref variable="Acetyl_CoA">
<role stoichiometry="24" delta_variable="delta_Acetyl_CoA" role="product"/>
</variable_ref>
<variable_ref variable="NADH">
<role stoichiometry="35" delta_variable="delta_NADH" role="product"/>
</variable_ref>
<variable_ref variable="H">
<role stoichiometry="21" delta_variable="delta_H" role="product"/>
</variable_ref>
<variable_ref variable="Pi">
<role stoichiometry="6" delta_variable="delta_Pi" role="product"/>
</variable_ref>
<variable_ref variable="ADP">
<role stoichiometry="6" delta_variable="delta_ADP" role="product"/>
</variable_ref>
<variable_ref variable="rate">
<role role="rate">
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>k</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Lm</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>epsilon</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>CoA</ci>
<ci>Acetyl_CoA</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>AF</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>CoA</ci>
<ci>Acetyl_CoA</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1.0</cn>
<ci>epsilon</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>NAD_plus</ci>
<ci>NADH</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>RS</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>NAD_plus</ci>
<ci>NADH</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>rate</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>H2O</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">10.0</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>ATP</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">6.0</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>NAD_plus</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">10.0</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>CoA</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">10.0</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>palmitate</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3.0</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</role>
</variable_ref>
</reaction>
</component>
<component name="lumped_triglyceride_production">
<variable units="uM" public_interface="in" name="palmitate"/>
<variable units="uM" public_interface="in" name="glycerol"/>
<variable units="uM" public_interface="in" name="ATP"/>
<variable units="uM" public_interface="in" name="triglyceride"/>
<variable units="uM" public_interface="in" name="ADP"/>
<variable units="uM" public_interface="in" name="Pi"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="out" name="delta_palmitate"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="out" name="delta_glycerol"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="out" name="delta_ATP"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="out" name="delta_triglyceride"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="out" name="delta_ADP"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="out" name="delta_Pi"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="k"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="Lm" initial_value="4.90"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="PS" initial_value="5.0"/>
<variable units="flux" name="rate"/>
<reaction reversible="no">
<variable_ref variable="palmitate">
<role stoichiometry="3" delta_variable="delta_palmitate" role="reactant"/>
</variable_ref>
<variable_ref variable="glycerol">
<role stoichiometry="1" delta_variable="delta_glycerol" role="reactant"/>
</variable_ref>
<variable_ref variable="ATP">
<role stoichiometry="2" delta_variable="delta_ATP" role="reactant"/>
</variable_ref>
<variable_ref variable="triglyceride">
<role stoichiometry="1" delta_variable="delta_triglyceride" role="product"/>
</variable_ref>
<variable_ref variable="ADP">
<role stoichiometry="2" delta_variable="delta_ADP" role="product"/>
</variable_ref>
<variable_ref variable="Pi">
<role stoichiometry="2" delta_variable="delta_Pi" role="product"/>
</variable_ref>
<variable_ref variable="rate">
<role role="rate">
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>k</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Lm</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>ATP</ci>
<ci>ADP</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>PS</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>ATP</ci>
<ci>ADP</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>rate</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>palmitate</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3.0</cn>
</apply>
<ci>glycerol</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>ATP</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2.0</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</role>
</variable_ref>
</reaction>
</component>
<component name="triglyceride_breakdown">
<variable units="uM" public_interface="in" name="triglyceride"/>
<variable units="uM" public_interface="in" name="glycerol"/>
<variable units="uM" public_interface="in" name="palmitate"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="out" name="delta_triglyceride"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="out" name="delta_glycerol"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="out" name="delta_palmitate"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="k" initial_value="0.005"/>
<variable units="flux" name="rate"/>
<reaction reversible="no">
<variable_ref variable="triglyceride">
<role stoichiometry="1" delta_variable="delta_triglyceride" role="reactant"/>
</variable_ref>
<variable_ref variable="glycerol">
<role stoichiometry="1" delta_variable="delta_glycerol" role="product"/>
</variable_ref>
<variable_ref variable="palmitate">
<role stoichiometry="3" delta_variable="delta_palmitate" role="product"/>
</variable_ref>
<variable_ref variable="rate">
<role role="rate">
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>rate</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k</ci>
<ci>triglyceride</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</role>
</variable_ref>
</reaction>
</component>
<component name="lumped_oxidative_phosphorylation">
<variable units="uM" public_interface="in" name="NADH"/>
<variable units="uM" public_interface="in" name="H"/>
<variable units="uM" public_interface="in" name="ADP"/>
<variable units="uM" public_interface="in" name="Pi"/>
<variable units="uM" public_interface="in" name="O2"/>
<variable units="uM" public_interface="in" name="ATP"/>
<variable units="uM" public_interface="in" name="H2O"/>
<variable units="uM" public_interface="in" name="NAD_plus"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="out" name="delta_NADH"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="out" name="delta_H"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="out" name="delta_ADP"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="out" name="delta_Pi"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="out" name="delta_O2"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="out" name="delta_ATP"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="out" name="delta_H2O"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="out" name="delta_NAD_plus"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="k" initial_value="5.63"/>
<variable units="flux" name="rate"/>
<reaction reversible="no">
<variable_ref variable="NADH">
<role stoichiometry="1" delta_variable="delta_NADH" role="reactant"/>
</variable_ref>
<variable_ref variable="H">
<role stoichiometry="1" delta_variable="delta_H" role="reactant"/>
</variable_ref>
<variable_ref variable="ADP">
<role stoichiometry="3" delta_variable="delta_ADP" role="reactant"/>
</variable_ref>
<variable_ref variable="Pi">
<role stoichiometry="3" delta_variable="delta_Pi" role="reactant"/>
</variable_ref>
<variable_ref variable="O2">
<role stoichiometry="0.5" delta_variable="delta_O2" role="reactant"/>
</variable_ref>
<variable_ref variable="ATP">
<role stoichiometry="3" delta_variable="delta_ATP" role="product"/>
</variable_ref>
<variable_ref variable="H2O">
<role stoichiometry="4" delta_variable="delta_H2O" role="product"/>
</variable_ref>
<variable_ref variable="NAD_plus">
<role stoichiometry="1" delta_variable="delta_NAD_plus" role="product"/>
</variable_ref>
<variable_ref variable="rate">
<role role="rate">
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>rate</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k</ci>
<ci>NADH</ci>
<ci>H</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>ADP</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3.0</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>Pi</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3.0</cn>
</apply>
<ci>O2</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</role>
</variable_ref>
</reaction>
</component>
<component name="lumped_phosphocreatine">
<variable units="uM" public_interface="in" name="H"/>
<variable units="uM" public_interface="in" name="ADP"/>
<variable units="uM" public_interface="in" name="PC"/>
<variable units="uM" public_interface="in" name="CR"/>
<variable units="uM" public_interface="in" name="ATP"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="out" name="delta_H"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="out" name="delta_ADP"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="out" name="delta_PC"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="out" name="delta_CR"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="out" name="delta_ATP"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="k"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="k_"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="Lm" initial_value="0.455"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="Lm_" initial_value="0.455"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="PS" initial_value="0.2"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="PS_" initial_value="5.0"/>
<variable units="flux" name="rate"/>
<reaction reversible="yes">
<variable_ref variable="H">
<role stoichiometry="1" direction="forward" delta_variable="delta_H" role="reactant"/>
</variable_ref>
<variable_ref variable="ADP">
<role stoichiometry="1" direction="forward" delta_variable="delta_ADP" role="reactant"/>
</variable_ref>
<variable_ref variable="PC">
<role stoichiometry="1" direction="forward" delta_variable="delta_PC" role="reactant"/>
</variable_ref>
<variable_ref variable="CR">
<role stoichiometry="1" direction="forward" delta_variable="delta_CR" role="product"/>
</variable_ref>
<variable_ref variable="ATP">
<role stoichiometry="1" direction="forward" delta_variable="delta_ATP" role="product"/>
</variable_ref>
<variable_ref variable="rate">
<role role="rate">
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>k</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Lm</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>ADP</ci>
<ci>ATP</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>PS</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>ADP</ci>
<ci>ATP</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>k_</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Lm_</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>ATP</ci>
<ci>ADP</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>PS_</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>ATP</ci>
<ci>ADP</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>rate</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k</ci>
<ci>H</ci>
<ci>ADP</ci>
<ci>PC</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k_</ci>
<ci>CR</ci>
<ci>ATP</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</role>
</variable_ref>
</reaction>
</component>
<component name="ATP_hydrolysis">
<variable units="uM" public_interface="in" name="ATP"/>
<variable units="uM" public_interface="in" name="ADP"/>
<variable units="uM" public_interface="in" name="Pi"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="out" name="delta_ATP"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="out" name="delta_ADP"/>
<variable units="flux" public_interface="out" name="delta_Pi"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="k" initial_value="7.76"/>
<variable units="flux" name="rate"/>
<reaction reversible="no">
<variable_ref variable="ATP">
<role stoichiometry="1" delta_variable="delta_ATP" role="reactant"/>
</variable_ref>
<variable_ref variable="ADP">
<role stoichiometry="1" delta_variable="delta_ADP" role="product"/>
</variable_ref>
<variable_ref variable="Pi">
<role stoichiometry="1" delta_variable="delta_Pi" role="product"/>
</variable_ref>
<variable_ref variable="rate">
<role role="rate">
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>rate</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k</ci>
<ci>ATP</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</role>
</variable_ref>
</reaction>
</component>
<!--============================================================================ Connections
=============================================================================-->
<!--ATP_ADP_rxn connections-->
<connection>
<map_components component_2="ATP_ADP_rxn" component_1="ATP"/>
<map_variables variable_2="ATP" variable_1="ATP"/>
<map_variables variable_2="delta_ATP" variable_1="delta1_ATP"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="ATP_ADP_rxn" component_1="ADP"/>
<map_variables variable_2="ADP" variable_1="ADP"/>
<map_variables variable_2="delta_ADP" variable_1="delta1_ADP"/>
</connection>
<!--NAD_plus_NADH_rxn connections-->
<connection>
<map_components component_2="NAD_plus_NADH_rxn" component_1="NAD_plus"/>
<map_variables variable_2="NAD_plus" variable_1="NAD_plus"/>
<map_variables variable_2="delta_NAD_plus" variable_1="delta1_NAD_plus"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="NAD_plus_NADH_rxn" component_1="NADH"/>
<map_variables variable_2="NADH" variable_1="NADH"/>
<map_variables variable_2="delta_NADH" variable_1="delta1_NADH"/>
</connection>
<!--glycolysis_1 connections-->
<connection>
<map_components component_2="glycolysis_1" component_1="ADP"/>
<map_variables variable_2="ADP" variable_1="ADP"/>
<map_variables variable_2="delta_ADP" variable_1="delta2_ADP"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="glycolysis_1" component_1="H"/>
<map_variables variable_2="H" variable_1="H"/>
<map_variables variable_2="delta_H" variable_1="delta1_H"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="glycolysis_1" component_1="G6P"/>
<map_variables variable_2="G6P" variable_1="G6P"/>
<map_variables variable_2="delta_G6P" variable_1="delta1_G6P"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="glycolysis_1" component_1="glucose"/>
<map_variables variable_2="glucose" variable_1="glucose"/>
<map_variables variable_2="delta_glucose" variable_1="delta_glucose"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="glycolysis_1" component_1="ATP"/>
<map_variables variable_2="ATP" variable_1="ATP"/>
<map_variables variable_2="delta_ATP" variable_1="delta2_ATP"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="glycolysis_1" component_1="CR"/>
<map_variables variable_2="CR" variable_1="CR"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="glycolysis_1" component_1="PC"/>
<map_variables variable_2="PC" variable_1="PC"/>
</connection>
<!--glycolysis_2 connections-->
<connection>
<map_components component_2="glycolysis_2" component_1="ADP"/>
<map_variables variable_2="ADP" variable_1="ADP"/>
<map_variables variable_2="delta_ADP" variable_1="delta3_ADP"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="glycolysis_2" component_1="G6P"/>
<map_variables variable_2="G6P" variable_1="G6P"/>
<map_variables variable_2="delta_G6P" variable_1="delta2_G6P"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="glycolysis_2" component_1="NADH"/>
<map_variables variable_2="NADH" variable_1="NADH"/>
<map_variables variable_2="delta_NADH" variable_1="delta2_NADH"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="glycolysis_2" component_1="H2O"/>
<map_variables variable_2="H2O" variable_1="H2O"/>
<map_variables variable_2="delta_H2O" variable_1="delta1_H2O"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="glycolysis_2" component_1="Pi"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Pi" variable_1="Pi"/>
<map_variables variable_2="delta_Pi" variable_1="delta1_Pi"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="glycolysis_2" component_1="H"/>
<map_variables variable_2="H" variable_1="H"/>
<map_variables variable_2="delta_H" variable_1="delta2_H"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="glycolysis_2" component_1="pyruvate"/>
<map_variables variable_2="pyruvate" variable_1="pyruvate"/>
<map_variables variable_2="delta_pyruvate" variable_1="delta1_pyruvate"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="glycolysis_2" component_1="NAD_plus"/>
<map_variables variable_2="NAD_plus" variable_1="NAD_plus"/>
<map_variables variable_2="delta_NAD_plus" variable_1="delta2_NAD_plus"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="glycolysis_2" component_1="ATP"/>
<map_variables variable_2="ATP" variable_1="ATP"/>
<map_variables variable_2="delta_ATP" variable_1="delta3_ATP"/>
</connection>
<!--lumped_glycogenesis connections-->
<connection>
<map_components component_2="lumped_glycogenesis" component_1="ADP"/>
<map_variables variable_2="ADP" variable_1="ADP"/>
<map_variables variable_2="delta_ADP" variable_1="delta4_ADP"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="lumped_glycogenesis" component_1="ATP"/>
<map_variables variable_2="ATP" variable_1="ATP"/>
<map_variables variable_2="delta_ATP" variable_1="delta4_ATP"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="lumped_glycogenesis" component_1="H2O"/>
<map_variables variable_2="H2O" variable_1="H2O"/>
<map_variables variable_2="delta_H2O" variable_1="delta2_H2O"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="lumped_glycogenesis" component_1="glycogen_n"/>
<map_variables variable_2="glycogen_n" variable_1="glycogen_n"/>
<map_variables variable_2="delta_glycogen_n" variable_1="delta1_glycogen_n"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="lumped_glycogenesis" component_1="Pi"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Pi" variable_1="Pi"/>
<map_variables variable_2="delta_Pi" variable_1="delta2_Pi"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="lumped_glycogenesis" component_1="glycogen_n_plus_1"/>
<map_variables variable_2="glycogen_n_plus_1" variable_1="glycogen_n_plus_1"/>
<map_variables variable_2="delta_glycogen_n_plus_1" variable_1="delta1_glycogen_n_plus_1"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="lumped_glycogenesis" component_1="G6P"/>
<map_variables variable_2="G6P" variable_1="G6P"/>
<map_variables variable_2="delta_G6P" variable_1="delta3_G6P"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="lumped_glycogenesis" component_1="PC"/>
<map_variables variable_2="PC" variable_1="PC"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="lumped_glycogenesis" component_1="CR"/>
<map_variables variable_2="CR" variable_1="CR"/>
</connection>
<!--glycogenolysis connections-->
<connection>
<map_components component_2="glycogenolysis" component_1="glycogen_n"/>
<map_variables variable_2="glycogen_n" variable_1="glycogen_n"/>
<map_variables variable_2="delta_glycogen_n" variable_1="delta2_glycogen_n"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="glycogenolysis" component_1="Pi"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Pi" variable_1="Pi"/>
<map_variables variable_2="delta_Pi" variable_1="delta3_Pi"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="glycogenolysis" component_1="glycogen_n_plus_1"/>
<map_variables variable_2="glycogen_n_plus_1" variable_1="glycogen_n_plus_1"/>
<map_variables variable_2="delta_glycogen_n_plus_1" variable_1="delta2_glycogen_n_plus_1"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="glycogenolysis" component_1="G6P"/>
<map_variables variable_2="G6P" variable_1="G6P"/>
<map_variables variable_2="delta_G6P" variable_1="delta4_G6P"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="glycogenolysis" component_1="CR"/>
<map_variables variable_2="CR" variable_1="CR"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="glycogenolysis" component_1="PC"/>
<map_variables variable_2="PC" variable_1="PC"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="glycogenolysis" component_1="ADP"/>
<map_variables variable_2="ADP" variable_1="ADP"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="glycogenolysis" component_1="ATP"/>
<map_variables variable_2="ATP" variable_1="ATP"/>
</connection>
<!--lumped_pyruvate_oxidation connections-->
<connection>
<map_components component_2="lumped_pyruvate_oxidation" component_1="CoA"/>
<map_variables variable_2="CoA" variable_1="CoA"/>
<map_variables variable_2="delta_CoA" variable_1="delta1_CoA"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="lumped_pyruvate_oxidation" component_1="CO2"/>
<map_variables variable_2="CO2" variable_1="CO2"/>
<map_variables variable_2="delta_CO2" variable_1="delta1_CO2"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="lumped_pyruvate_oxidation" component_1="NADH"/>
<map_variables variable_2="NADH" variable_1="NADH"/>
<map_variables variable_2="delta_NADH" variable_1="delta3_NADH"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="lumped_pyruvate_oxidation" component_1="Acetyl_CoA"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Acetyl_CoA" variable_1="Acetyl_CoA"/>
<map_variables variable_2="delta_Acetyl_CoA" variable_1="delta1_Acetyl_CoA"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="lumped_pyruvate_oxidation" component_1="NAD_plus"/>
<map_variables variable_2="NAD_plus" variable_1="NAD_plus"/>
<map_variables variable_2="delta_NAD_plus" variable_1="delta3_NAD_plus"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="lumped_pyruvate_oxidation" component_1="pyruvate"/>
<map_variables variable_2="pyruvate" variable_1="pyruvate"/>
<map_variables variable_2="delta_pyruvate" variable_1="delta2_pyruvate"/>
</connection>
<!--lumped_pyruvate_reduction connections-->
<connection>
<map_components component_2="lumped_pyruvate_reduction" component_1="NADH"/>
<map_variables variable_2="NADH" variable_1="NADH"/>
<map_variables variable_2="delta_NADH" variable_1="delta4_NADH"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="lumped_pyruvate_reduction" component_1="pyruvate"/>
<map_variables variable_2="pyruvate" variable_1="pyruvate"/>
<map_variables variable_2="delta_pyruvate" variable_1="delta3_pyruvate"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="lumped_pyruvate_reduction" component_1="lactate"/>
<map_variables variable_2="lactate" variable_1="lactate"/>
<map_variables variable_2="delta_lactate" variable_1="delta_lactate"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="lumped_pyruvate_reduction" component_1="NAD_plus"/>
<map_variables variable_2="NAD_plus" variable_1="NAD_plus"/>
<map_variables variable_2="delta_NAD_plus" variable_1="delta4_NAD_plus"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="lumped_pyruvate_reduction" component_1="H"/>
<map_variables variable_2="H" variable_1="H"/>
<map_variables variable_2="delta_H" variable_1="delta3_H"/>
</connection>
<!--lumped_citric_acid_cycle connections-->
<connection>
<map_components component_2="lumped_citric_acid_cycle" component_1="ADP"/>
<map_variables variable_2="ADP" variable_1="ADP"/>
<map_variables variable_2="delta_ADP" variable_1="delta5_ADP"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="lumped_citric_acid_cycle" component_1="CO2"/>
<map_variables variable_2="CO2" variable_1="CO2"/>
<map_variables variable_2="delta_CO2" variable_1="delta2_CO2"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="lumped_citric_acid_cycle" component_1="H2O"/>
<map_variables variable_2="H2O" variable_1="H2O"/>
<map_variables variable_2="delta_H2O" variable_1="delta3_H2O"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="lumped_citric_acid_cycle" component_1="CoA"/>
<map_variables variable_2="CoA" variable_1="CoA"/>
<map_variables variable_2="delta_CoA" variable_1="delta2_CoA"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="lumped_citric_acid_cycle" component_1="Pi"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Pi" variable_1="Pi"/>
<map_variables variable_2="delta_Pi" variable_1="delta4_Pi"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="lumped_citric_acid_cycle" component_1="NADH"/>
<map_variables variable_2="NADH" variable_1="NADH"/>
<map_variables variable_2="delta_NADH" variable_1="delta5_NADH"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="lumped_citric_acid_cycle" component_1="Acetyl_CoA"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Acetyl_CoA" variable_1="Acetyl_CoA"/>
<map_variables variable_2="delta_Acetyl_CoA" variable_1="delta2_Acetyl_CoA"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="lumped_citric_acid_cycle" component_1="NAD_plus"/>
<map_variables variable_2="NAD_plus" variable_1="NAD_plus"/>
<map_variables variable_2="delta_NAD_plus" variable_1="delta5_NAD_plus"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="lumped_citric_acid_cycle" component_1="H"/>
<map_variables variable_2="H" variable_1="H"/>
<map_variables variable_2="delta_H" variable_1="delta4_H"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="lumped_citric_acid_cycle" component_1="ATP"/>
<map_variables variable_2="ATP" variable_1="ATP"/>
<map_variables variable_2="delta_ATP" variable_1="delta5_ATP"/>
</connection>
<!--lumped_palmitate_oxidation connections-->
<connection>
<map_components component_2="lumped_palmitate_oxidation" component_1="ADP"/>
<map_variables variable_2="ADP" variable_1="ADP"/>
<map_variables variable_2="delta_ADP" variable_1="delta6_ADP"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="lumped_palmitate_oxidation" component_1="ATP"/>
<map_variables variable_2="ATP" variable_1="ATP"/>
<map_variables variable_2="delta_ATP" variable_1="delta6_ATP"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="lumped_palmitate_oxidation" component_1="palmitate"/>
<map_variables variable_2="palmitate" variable_1="palmitate"/>
<map_variables variable_2="delta_palmitate" variable_1="delta1_palmitate"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="lumped_palmitate_oxidation" component_1="H2O"/>
<map_variables variable_2="H2O" variable_1="H2O"/>
<map_variables variable_2="delta_H2O" variable_1="delta4_H2O"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="lumped_palmitate_oxidation" component_1="CoA"/>
<map_variables variable_2="CoA" variable_1="CoA"/>
<map_variables variable_2="delta_CoA" variable_1="delta3_CoA"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="lumped_palmitate_oxidation" component_1="NADH"/>
<map_variables variable_2="NADH" variable_1="NADH"/>
<map_variables variable_2="delta_NADH" variable_1="delta6_NADH"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="lumped_palmitate_oxidation" component_1="Pi"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Pi" variable_1="Pi"/>
<map_variables variable_2="delta_Pi" variable_1="delta5_Pi"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="lumped_palmitate_oxidation" component_1="NAD_plus"/>
<map_variables variable_2="NAD_plus" variable_1="NAD_plus"/>
<map_variables variable_2="delta_NAD_plus" variable_1="delta6_NAD_plus"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="lumped_palmitate_oxidation" component_1="Acetyl_CoA"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Acetyl_CoA" variable_1="Acetyl_CoA"/>
<map_variables variable_2="delta_Acetyl_CoA" variable_1="delta3_Acetyl_CoA"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="lumped_palmitate_oxidation" component_1="H"/>
<map_variables variable_2="H" variable_1="H"/>
<map_variables variable_2="delta_H" variable_1="delta5_H"/>
</connection>
<!--lumped_triglyceride_production connections-->
<connection>
<map_components component_2="lumped_triglyceride_production" component_1="ADP"/>
<map_variables variable_2="ADP" variable_1="ADP"/>
<map_variables variable_2="delta_ADP" variable_1="delta7_ADP"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="lumped_triglyceride_production" component_1="glycerol"/>
<map_variables variable_2="glycerol" variable_1="glycerol"/>
<map_variables variable_2="delta_glycerol" variable_1="delta1_glycerol"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="lumped_triglyceride_production" component_1="triglyceride"/>
<map_variables variable_2="triglyceride" variable_1="triglyceride"/>
<map_variables variable_2="delta_triglyceride" variable_1="delta1_triglyceride"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="lumped_triglyceride_production" component_1="palmitate"/>
<map_variables variable_2="palmitate" variable_1="palmitate"/>
<map_variables variable_2="delta_palmitate" variable_1="delta2_palmitate"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="lumped_triglyceride_production" component_1="Pi"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Pi" variable_1="Pi"/>
<map_variables variable_2="delta_Pi" variable_1="delta6_Pi"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="lumped_triglyceride_production" component_1="ATP"/>
<map_variables variable_2="ATP" variable_1="ATP"/>
<map_variables variable_2="delta_ATP" variable_1="delta7_ATP"/>
</connection>
<!--triglyceride_breakdown connections-->
<connection>
<map_components component_2="triglyceride_breakdown" component_1="triglyceride"/>
<map_variables variable_2="triglyceride" variable_1="triglyceride"/>
<map_variables variable_2="delta_triglyceride" variable_1="delta2_triglyceride"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="triglyceride_breakdown" component_1="glycerol"/>
<map_variables variable_2="glycerol" variable_1="glycerol"/>
<map_variables variable_2="delta_glycerol" variable_1="delta2_glycerol"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="triglyceride_breakdown" component_1="palmitate"/>
<map_variables variable_2="palmitate" variable_1="palmitate"/>
<map_variables variable_2="delta_palmitate" variable_1="delta3_palmitate"/>
</connection>
<!--lumped_oxidative_phosphorylation connections-->
<connection>
<map_components component_2="lumped_oxidative_phosphorylation" component_1="O2"/>
<map_variables variable_2="O2" variable_1="O2"/>
<map_variables variable_2="delta_O2" variable_1="delta_O2"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="lumped_oxidative_phosphorylation" component_1="NAD_plus"/>
<map_variables variable_2="NAD_plus" variable_1="NAD_plus"/>
<map_variables variable_2="delta_NAD_plus" variable_1="delta7_NAD_plus"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="lumped_oxidative_phosphorylation" component_1="NADH"/>
<map_variables variable_2="NADH" variable_1="NADH"/>
<map_variables variable_2="delta_NADH" variable_1="delta7_NADH"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="lumped_oxidative_phosphorylation" component_1="ADP"/>
<map_variables variable_2="ADP" variable_1="ADP"/>
<map_variables variable_2="delta_ADP" variable_1="delta8_ADP"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="lumped_oxidative_phosphorylation" component_1="H2O"/>
<map_variables variable_2="H2O" variable_1="H2O"/>
<map_variables variable_2="delta_H2O" variable_1="delta5_H2O"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="lumped_oxidative_phosphorylation" component_1="Pi"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Pi" variable_1="Pi"/>
<map_variables variable_2="delta_Pi" variable_1="delta7_Pi"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="lumped_oxidative_phosphorylation" component_1="H"/>
<map_variables variable_2="H" variable_1="H"/>
<map_variables variable_2="delta_H" variable_1="delta6_H"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="lumped_oxidative_phosphorylation" component_1="ATP"/>
<map_variables variable_2="ATP" variable_1="ATP"/>
<map_variables variable_2="delta_ATP" variable_1="delta8_ATP"/>
</connection>
<!--lumped_phosphocreatine connections-->
<connection>
<map_components component_2="lumped_phosphocreatine" component_1="PC"/>
<map_variables variable_2="PC" variable_1="PC"/>
<map_variables variable_2="delta_PC" variable_1="delta_PC"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="lumped_phosphocreatine" component_1="ADP"/>
<map_variables variable_2="ADP" variable_1="ADP"/>
<map_variables variable_2="delta_ADP" variable_1="delta9_ADP"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="lumped_phosphocreatine" component_1="H"/>
<map_variables variable_2="H" variable_1="H"/>
<map_variables variable_2="delta_H" variable_1="delta7_H"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="lumped_phosphocreatine" component_1="CR"/>
<map_variables variable_2="CR" variable_1="CR"/>
<map_variables variable_2="delta_CR" variable_1="delta_CR"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="lumped_phosphocreatine" component_1="ATP"/>
<map_variables variable_2="ATP" variable_1="ATP"/>
<map_variables variable_2="delta_ATP" variable_1="delta9_ATP"/>
</connection>
<!--ATP_hydrolysis connections-->
<connection>
<map_components component_2="ATP_hydrolysis" component_1="ADP"/>
<map_variables variable_2="ADP" variable_1="ADP"/>
<map_variables variable_2="delta_ADP" variable_1="delta10_ADP"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="ATP_hydrolysis" component_1="Pi"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Pi" variable_1="Pi"/>
<map_variables variable_2="delta_Pi" variable_1="delta8_Pi"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="ATP_hydrolysis" component_1="ATP"/>
<map_variables variable_2="ATP" variable_1="ATP"/>
<map_variables variable_2="delta_ATP" variable_1="delta10_ATP"/>
</connection>
<!--global_variables connections-->
<connection>
<map_components component_2="global_variables" component_1="PC"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="global_variables" component_1="ADP"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="global_variables" component_1="H"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="global_variables" component_1="CR"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="global_variables" component_1="ATP"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="global_variables" component_1="glycogen_n_plus_1"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="global_variables" component_1="G6P"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="global_variables" component_1="glucose"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="global_variables" component_1="pyruvate"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="global_variables" component_1="lactate"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="global_variables" component_1="Acetyl_CoA"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
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