- Author:
- pmr2.import <nobody@models.cellml.org>
- Date:
- 2008-11-18 00:34:47+13:00
- Desc:
- committing version02 of guyton_heart_hypertrophy_or_deterioration_2008
- Permanent Source URI:
- https://models.physiomeproject.org/workspace/guyton_heart_hypertrophy_or_deterioration_2008/rawfile/8208130bef45ab8beb9dd28185666d85b80a05ed/guyton_heart_hypertrophy_or_deterioration_2008.cellml
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<!-- ======================================== DOCUMENTATION ============================================= -->
<documentation xmlns="http://cellml.org/tmp-documentation">
<article>
<articleinfo>
<title>Guyton Model: Heart Hypertrophy or Deterioration</title>
<author>
<firstname>Catherine</firstname>
<surname>Lloyd</surname>
<affiliation>
<shortaffil>Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland</shortaffil>
</affiliation>
</author>
</articleinfo>
<section id="sec_status">
<title>Model Status</title>
<para>
This CellML model has been validated. Due to the differences between procedural code (in this case C-code) and declarative languages (CellML), some aspects of the original model were
not able to be encapsulated by the CellML model (such as the damping of variables). This may effect the transient behaviour of the model, however the steady-state behaviour would remain
the same. The equations in this file and the steady-state output from the model conform to the results from the MODSIM program.
</para>
</section>
<sect1 id="sec_structure">
<title>Model Structure</title>
<para>
Arthur Guyton (1919-2003) was an American physiologist who became famous for his 1950s experiments in which he studied the physiology of cardiac output and its relationship with the peripheral circulation. The results of these experiments challenged the conventional wisdom that it was the heart itself that controlled cardiac output. Instead Guyton demonstrated that it was the need of the body tissues for oxygen which was the real regulator of cardiac output. The "Guyton Curves" describe the relationship between right atrial pressures and cardiac output, and they form a foundation for understanding the physiology of circulation.
</para>
<para>
The Guyton model of fluid, electrolyte, and circulatory regulation is an extensive mathematical model of human circulatory physiology, capable of simulating a variety of experimental conditions, and contains a number of linked subsystems relating to circulation and its neuroendocrine control.
</para>
<para>
This is a CellML translation of the Guyton model of the regulation of the circulatory system. The complete model consists of separate modules each of which characterise a separate physiological subsystems. The Circulation Dynamics is the primary system, to which other modules/blocks are connected. The other modules characterise the dynamics of the kidney, electrolytes and cell water, thirst and drinking, hormone regulation, autonomic regulation, cardiovascular system etc, and these feedback on the central circulation model. The CellML code in these modules is based on the C code from the programme C-MODSIM created by Dr Jean-Pierre Montani.
</para>
<para>
This particular CellML model describes the effect of heart hypertrophy or heart deterioration on heart pumping capability.
</para>
<informalfigure float="0" id="full_diagram">
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
<objectinfo>
<title>model diagram</title>
</objectinfo>
<imagedata fileref="full_model.png"/>
</imageobject>
</mediaobject>
<caption>A systems analysis diagram for the full Guyton model describing circulation regulation.</caption>
</informalfigure>
<informalfigure float="0" id="heart_hypertrophy_or_deterioration_diagram">
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
<objectinfo>
<title>model diagram</title>
</objectinfo>
<imagedata fileref="hypert_or_deter.png"/>
</imageobject>
</mediaobject>
<caption>A schematic diagram of the components and processes described in the current CellML model.</caption>
</informalfigure>
<para>
There are several publications referring to the Guyton model. One of these papers is cited below:
</para>
<para>
<ulink url="http://arjournals.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.ph.34.030172.000305">Circulation: Overall Regulation</ulink>, A.C. Guyton, T.G. Coleman, and H.J. Granger, 1972, <ulink url="http://www.biophysj.org/">
<emphasis>Annual Review of Physiology</emphasis>
</ulink>, 34, 13-44. (A <ulink url="http://arjournals.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev.ph.34.030172.000305?cookieSet=1">PDF</ulink> version of the article are available to journal subscribers on the <emphasis>Annual Review of Physiology</emphasis> website.) <ulink url="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=4334846&query_hl=1&itool=pubmed_docsum">PubMed ID: 4334846</ulink>
</para>
</sect1>
</article>
</documentation>
<!-- ======================================================================================================================= -->
<!-- ======================================== ENVIRONMENT COMPONENT ============================================= -->
<component name="environment">
<variable units="second" public_interface="out" private_interface="none" name="time" cmeta:id="environment_time"/>
</component>
<!-- ======================================== HEART HYPERTROPHY OR DETERIORATION TOP-LEVEL COMPONENT ============================================= -->
<component cmeta:id="heart_hypertrophy_or_deterioration" name="heart_hypertrophy_or_deterioration">
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="time"/>
<!-- Inputs from components in other models -->
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="none" private_interface="out" name="QAO" initial_value="5.00707"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="none" private_interface="out" name="PA" initial_value="103.525"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="none" private_interface="out" name="POT" initial_value="35.1148"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="none" private_interface="out" name="PPA" initial_value="15.6376"/>
</component>
<!-- INPUT CONNECTIONS -->
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="heart_hypertrophy_or_deterioration"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<!-- ======================================== DEGREE OF LEFT VENTRICULAR HYPERTROPHY ============================================= -->
<component cmeta:id="left_ventricular_hypertrophy" name="left_ventricular_hypertrophy">
<!-- Inputs from other components -->
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="in" private_interface="none" name="QAO"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="in" private_interface="none" name="PA"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" private_interface="none" name="time"/>
<!-- Outputs to other components -->
<variable private_interface="none" name="HPL" initial_value="1.00163" cmeta:id="left_ventricular_hypertrophy_HPL" units="dimensionless" public_interface="out"/>
<!-- Parameters from parameter_file -->
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="in" private_interface="none" name="HSL"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="in" private_interface="none" name="Z13"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="HH1_to_HH5">
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>HPL</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>PA</ci>
<ci>QAO</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">500</cn>
<ci>HSL</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>Z13</ci>
</apply>
<ci>HPL</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">57600</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<!-- INPUT CONNECTIONS -->
<connection>
<map_components component_2="heart_hypertrophy_or_deterioration" component_1="left_ventricular_hypertrophy"/>
<map_variables variable_2="QAO" variable_1="QAO"/>
<map_variables variable_2="PA" variable_1="PA"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<!-- PARAMETER CONNECTIONS -->
<connection>
<map_components component_2="parameter_values" component_1="left_ventricular_hypertrophy"/>
<map_variables variable_2="HSL" variable_1="HSL"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Z13" variable_1="Z13"/>
</connection>
<!-- ======================================== DEGREE OF RIGHT VENTRICULAR HYPERTROPHY ============================================= -->
<component cmeta:id="right_ventricular_hypertrophy" name="right_ventricular_hypertrophy">
<!-- Inputs from other components -->
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="in" private_interface="none" name="QAO"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="in" private_interface="none" name="PPA"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" private_interface="none" name="time"/>
<!-- Outputs to other components -->
<variable private_interface="none" name="HPR" initial_value="1.00237" cmeta:id="right_ventricular_hypertrophy_HPR" units="dimensionless" public_interface="out"/>
<!-- Parameters from parameter_file -->
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="in" private_interface="none" name="HSR"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="in" private_interface="none" name="Z13"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="HH6_to_HH10">
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<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>HPR</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>PPA</ci>
<ci>QAO</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">75</cn>
<ci>HSR</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>Z13</ci>
</apply>
<ci>HPR</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">57600</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<!-- INPUT CONNECTIONS -->
<connection>
<map_components component_2="heart_hypertrophy_or_deterioration" component_1="right_ventricular_hypertrophy"/>
<map_variables variable_2="QAO" variable_1="QAO"/>
<map_variables variable_2="PPA" variable_1="PPA"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<!-- PARAMETER CONNECTIONS -->
<connection>
<map_components component_2="parameter_values" component_1="right_ventricular_hypertrophy"/>
<map_variables variable_2="HSR" variable_1="HSR"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Z13" variable_1="Z13"/>
</connection>
<!-- ======================================== HEART DETERIORATION ============================================= -->
<component cmeta:id="heart_deterioration" name="heart_deterioration">
<!-- Inputs from other components -->
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="in" private_interface="none" name="POT"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" private_interface="none" name="time"/>
<!-- Outputs to other components -->
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" private_interface="none" name="HMD" cmeta:id="heart_deterioration_HMD"/>
<!-- Parameters from parameter_file -->
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="in" private_interface="none" name="DHDTR"/>
<!-- Internal variables -->
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="none" private_interface="none" name="HMD1" initial_value="1.0"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="none" private_interface="none" name="DHM"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply id="HH11_and_HH12">
<eq/>
<ci>DHM</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>POT</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">10</cn>
</apply>
<ci>DHDTR</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply id="HH13">
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>HMD1</ci>
</apply>
<ci>DHM</ci>
</apply>
<apply id="HH14">
<eq/>
<ci>HMD</ci>
<piecewise>
<piece>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<gt/>
<ci>HMD1</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
</piece>
<otherwise>
<ci>HMD1</ci>
</otherwise>
</piecewise>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<!-- INPUT CONNECTIONS -->
<connection>
<map_components component_2="heart_hypertrophy_or_deterioration" component_1="heart_deterioration"/>
<map_variables variable_2="POT" variable_1="POT"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<!-- PARAMETER CONNECTIONS -->
<connection>
<map_components component_2="parameter_values" component_1="heart_deterioration"/>
<map_variables variable_2="DHDTR" variable_1="DHDTR"/>
</connection>
<!-- ========================================================== PARAMETER VALUES ================================================================ -->
<component cmeta:id="parameter_values" name="parameter_values">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" private_interface="none" name="HSL" initial_value="1"/> <!-- basic strength of left ventricle -->
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" private_interface="none" name="Z13" initial_value="0.625"/> <!-- exponent controlling degree of heart hypertrophy [P] -->
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" private_interface="none" name="HSR" initial_value="1"/> <!-- basic strength of right ventricle -->
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" private_interface="none" name="DHDTR" initial_value="0.05"/> <!-- proportionality constant, cardiac deterioration [P] -->
</component>
<!-- ============================================================ GROUPING =============================================================== -->
<group>
<relationship_ref relationship="containment"/>
<component_ref component="heart_hypertrophy_or_deterioration">
<component_ref component="left_ventricular_hypertrophy"/>
<component_ref component="right_ventricular_hypertrophy"/>
<component_ref component="heart_deterioration"/>
</component_ref>
</group>
<group>
<relationship_ref relationship="encapsulation"/>
<component_ref component="heart_hypertrophy_or_deterioration">
<component_ref component="parameter_values"/>
<component_ref component="left_ventricular_hypertrophy"/>
<component_ref component="right_ventricular_hypertrophy"/>
<component_ref component="heart_deterioration"/>
</component_ref>
</group>
<!-- SIMULATION METADATA -->
<rdf:RDF>
<rdf:Seq rdf:about="rdf:#557e0683-6178-41c6-a07e-1e7b4335d5c1">
<rdf:li rdf:resource="rdf:#9aeb76c5-99de-4ab2-8daf-9235b64b9b48"/>
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</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#right_ventricular_hypertrophy">
<rdf:value>
HH6A, HH6, HH7, HH8, HH9, and HH10:
Calculation of the degree of hypertrophy of the right ventricle (HPR) according
to the same scheme as noted above for left ventricular hypertrophy, but with different
inputs: pulmonary arterial pressure (PPA), cardiac output (QAO), and basic normal
strength of the right heart (HSR).
</rdf:value>
</rdf:Description>
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<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#$5SdBX3">
<ns7:endingValue>500000</ns7:endingValue>
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<dcterms:W3CDTF>2008-11-00 00:00</dcterms:W3CDTF>
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<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#c333e900-ac9a-46af-9171-72cf9f375b6d">
<rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#Person"/>
<vCard:N rdf:resource="rdf:#1a9f7a4a-0e81-4f85-94c2-2f13dbb58dde"/>
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<rdf:rest rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#nil"/>
<rdf:first rdf:resource="rdf:#$SQv43"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#2c9ee49b-d14f-4e22-8331-e44bbba4fa15">
<vCard:N rdf:resource="rdf:#8ea3fbe5-e5e7-4e91-a81e-1ab67f144377"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#heart_hypertrophy_or_deterioration_CellML1_0_model">
<bqs:reference rdf:resource="rdf:#af5a387a-2499-43e9-bc25-f142307d1115"/>
<cmeta:comment rdf:resource="rdf:#262bc63d-1e30-4e05-8d3d-0a1450f99854"/>
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Effect of heart hypertrophy or heart deterioration on heart pumping capability.
</rdf:value>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#d13d3bcd-3736-4ed2-8e6b-28605569de21">
<dcterms:modified rdf:resource="rdf:#e3e68c57-f521-4cf8-ad8e-12a5c0467d40"/>
<rdf:value>Added cmeta:id's to some variables</rdf:value>
<cmeta:modifier rdf:resource="rdf:#2c9ee49b-d14f-4e22-8331-e44bbba4fa15"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#heart_hypertrophy_or_deterioration_CellML1_0_model">
<ns7:simulation rdf:resource="rdf:#$QQv43"/>
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<rdf:Description rdf:about="/hypertrophy_or_deterioration_1-0.cellml#heart_hypertrophy_or_deterioration_CellML1_0_model#LfY7zdZ%60EYs">
<ns7:simulation rdf:resource="rdf:#$3SdBX3"/>
<ns7:simulation rdf:resource="rdf:#$b2Cb93"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#f2cc0886-0e25-4ac9-be80-daf8f9f79418">
<vCard:Given/>
<vCard:Family>Guyton</vCard:Family>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#$3SdBX3">
<ns7:boundIntervals rdf:resource="rdf:#$4SdBX3"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#heart_hypertrophy_or_deterioration">
<rdf:value>
Encapsulation grouping component containing all the components in the Heart Hypertrophy or Deterioration Model.
The inputs and outputs of the Model must be passed by this component.
</rdf:value>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#262bc63d-1e30-4e05-8d3d-0a1450f99854">
<dc:creator rdf:resource="rdf:#ab2058fa-71f2-4008-8b55-d674091af5a8"/>
<rdf:value/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#left_ventricular_hypertrophy">
<rdf:value>
HR1A, HH1, and HH2:
Calculation of a quantitative value (output of Block HH2) which is a multiplier
that is approached asymptotically in response to three factors that cause left
ventricular hypertrophy, (1) the arterial pressure (PA), (2) the cardiac output (QAO),
and (3) the basic strength of the heart (HSL). The degree of hypertrophy in response
to the input factors is controlled by the exponent (Z13) in Block HH2.
HH3, HH4, and HH5:
Calculation of the actual degree of hypertrophy of the left ventricle (HPL) that
results over a period of time in response to arterial pressure (PA), cardiac output (QAO),
and basic left ventricular strength (HSL). The value HPL approaches the output value
from Block HH2 asymptotically with a time constant equal to the input variable at the
side of Block HH4.
</rdf:value>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#a6956ab5-194c-4cac-8e11-4d50a3697222">
<vCard:Orgname>University of Auckland</vCard:Orgname>
<vCard:Orgunit>Auckland Bioengineering Institute</vCard:Orgunit>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#53543ef8-8ad0-4c38-94e7-ad5fb11a8318">
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<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#10813b87-0b2c-4f8a-958e-203d4554e0f5">
<vCard:Given>Jonna</vCard:Given>
<vCard:Family>Terkildsen</vCard:Family>
<vCard:Other/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#bf35703c-a209-482e-bab1-71c5ab30283f">
<rdf:type rdf:resource="http://imc.org/vCard/3.0#internet"/>
<rdf:value>j.terkildsen@auckland.ac.nz</rdf:value>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#8ea3fbe5-e5e7-4e91-a81e-1ab67f144377">
<vCard:Given>Jonna</vCard:Given>
<vCard:Family>Terkildsen</vCard:Family>
<vCard:Other/>
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<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#$SQv43">
<ns7:endingValue>500000</ns7:endingValue>
<ns7:nonstandard-pointDensity>100000</ns7:nonstandard-pointDensity>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#$b2Cb93">
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<vCard:Given/>
<vCard:Family>Heart Hypertrophy or Deterioration</vCard:Family>
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<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#$c2Cb93">
<rdf:rest rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#nil"/>
<rdf:first rdf:resource="rdf:#$d2Cb93"/>
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<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#e3e68c57-f521-4cf8-ad8e-12a5c0467d40">
<dcterms:W3CDTF>2008-11-18T12:32:37+13:00</dcterms:W3CDTF>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#925149d6-fe44-4bbc-91e4-83dba0931700">
<dc:creator rdf:resource="rdf:#ebd79722-3c4f-46a0-a911-0e8b4280b054"/>
<rdf:value/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#ab2058fa-71f2-4008-8b55-d674091af5a8">
<vCard:FN/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#$4SdBX3">
<rdf:rest rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#nil"/>
<rdf:first rdf:resource="rdf:#$5SdBX3"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#heart_deterioration">
<rdf:value>
HH11, HH12, HH13, and HH14:
Calculation of a multiplier factor that decreases cardiac pumping effectiveness (HMD)
when the cellular P02 of the heart muscle cells (POT) falls too low. The sensitivity
control is DHDTR, and the effect is limited by Block HH14 so that no change in HMD
occurs until the cell PO2 falls below the input value to the side of Block HH11.
</rdf:value>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#9aeb76c5-99de-4ab2-8daf-9235b64b9b48">
<rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#Person"/>
<vCard:N rdf:resource="rdf:#f2cc0886-0e25-4ac9-be80-daf8f9f79418"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#$d2Cb93">
<ns7:nonstandard-pointDensity>100000</ns7:nonstandard-pointDensity>
</rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>
</model>
