- Author:
- Dewan Sarwar <sarwarcse@gmail.com>
- Date:
- 2019-03-11 12:09:49+13:00
- Desc:
- added blood capillary flux model
- Permanent Source URI:
- https://models.physiomeproject.org/workspace/584/rawfile/dcab0d9157ad4fb602c5084666c323fb3e30323a/hinch_greenstein_tanskanen_xu_winslow_2004.cellml
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<documentation xmlns="http://cellml.org/tmp-documentation">
<article>
<section id="sec_status">
<title>Model Status</title>
<para>This model is known to run in OpenCell and COR to reproduce the output shown in the publication.</para>
</section>
<sect1 id="sec_structure">
<title>Model Structure</title>
<para>ABSTRACT: Calcium (Ca2+)-induced Ca2+ release (CICR) in cardiac myocytes exhibits high gain and is graded. These properties result from local control of Ca2+ release. Existing local control models of Ca2+ release in which interactions between L-Type Ca2+ channels (LCCs) and ryanodine-sensitive Ca2+ release channels (RyRs) are simulated stochastically are able to reconstruct these properties, but only at high computational cost. Here we present a general analytical approach for deriving simplified models of local control of CICR, consisting of low-dimensional systems of coupled ordinary differential equations, from these more complex local control models in which LCC-RyR interactions are simulated stochastically. The resulting model, referred to as the coupled LCC-RyR gating model, successfully reproduces a range of experimental data, including L-Type Ca2+ current in response to voltage-clamp stimuli, inactivation of LCC current with and without Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, voltage-dependence of excitation-contraction coupling gain, graded release, and the force-frequency relationship. The model does so with low computational cost.</para>
<para>The original publication reference is cited below:</para>
<para>
A Simplified Local Control Model of Calcium-Induced Calcium Release in Cardiac Ventricular Myocytes, R. Hinch, J.R. Greenstein, A.J. Tanskanen, L. Xu, R.L. Winslow, 2004
<emphasis>Biophysical Journal</emphasis>
, 87, 3723-3736,
<ulink url="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15465866">PubMed ID: 15465866</ulink>
</para>
<informalfigure float="0" id="cell_diagram">
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<imageobject>
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<title>state diagram</title>
</objectinfo>
<imagedata fileref="hinch_2004.png" />
</imageobject>
</mediaobject>
<caption>Schematic diagram of the currents and the ion exchanges described by the cardiac ventricular myocyte model.</caption>
</informalfigure>
<informalfigure float="0" id="markov_diagram">
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
<objectinfo>
<title>state diagram</title>
</objectinfo>
<imagedata fileref="hinch_2004b.png" />
</imageobject>
</mediaobject>
<caption>The nine-state Markov model of the calcium release unit (CaRU). In state yij, the LCC is in the state i and the RyR is in the state j.</caption>
</informalfigure>
</sect1>
</article>
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<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">0.00001</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</otherwise>
</piecewise>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq />
<ci>J_Loc</ci>
<piecewise>
<piece>
<apply>
<divide />
<apply>
<times />
<apply>
<divide />
<apply>
<times />
<ci>J_L</ci>
<ci>FVRT_Ca</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus />
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp />
<apply>
<minus />
<ci>FVRT_Ca</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus />
<apply>
<times />
<ci>Ca_o</ci>
<apply>
<exp />
<apply>
<minus />
<ci>FVRT_Ca</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus />
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<divide />
<apply>
<times />
<apply>
<divide />
<ci>J_L</ci>
<ci>g_D</ci>
</apply>
<ci>FVRT_Ca</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus />
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp />
<apply>
<minus />
<ci>FVRT_Ca</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<gt />
<apply>
<abs />
<ci>FVRT_Ca</ci>
</apply>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">0.00001</cn>
</apply>
</piece>
<otherwise>
<apply>
<divide />
<apply>
<times />
<apply>
<divide />
<apply>
<times />
<ci>J_L</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">0.00001</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus />
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp />
<apply>
<minus />
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">0.00001</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus />
<apply>
<times />
<ci>Ca_o</ci>
<apply>
<exp />
<apply>
<minus />
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">0.00001</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus />
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<divide />
<apply>
<times />
<apply>
<divide />
<ci>J_L</ci>
<ci>g_D</ci>
</apply>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">0.00001</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus />
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp />
<apply>
<minus />
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">0.00001</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</otherwise>
</piecewise>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq />
<ci>J_Loo</ci>
<piecewise>
<piece>
<apply>
<divide />
<apply>
<times />
<apply>
<divide />
<apply>
<times />
<ci>J_L</ci>
<ci>FVRT_Ca</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus />
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp />
<apply>
<minus />
<ci>FVRT_Ca</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus />
<apply>
<minus />
<apply>
<times />
<ci>Ca_o</ci>
<apply>
<exp />
<apply>
<minus />
<ci>FVRT_Ca</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times />
<apply>
<divide />
<ci>J_R</ci>
<ci>g_D</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus />
<apply>
<times />
<ci>Ca_o</ci>
<apply>
<exp />
<apply>
<minus />
<ci>FVRT_Ca</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>Ca_SR</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus />
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<divide />
<ci>J_R</ci>
<ci>g_D</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide />
<apply>
<times />
<apply>
<divide />
<ci>J_L</ci>
<ci>g_D</ci>
</apply>
<ci>FVRT_Ca</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus />
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp />
<ci>FVRT_Ca</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<gt />
<apply>
<abs />
<ci>FVRT_Ca</ci>
</apply>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">0.00001</cn>
</apply>
</piece>
<otherwise>
<apply>
<divide />
<apply>
<times />
<apply>
<divide />
<apply>
<times />
<ci>J_L</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">0.00001</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus />
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp />
<apply>
<minus />
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">0.00001</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus />
<apply>
<minus />
<apply>
<times />
<ci>Ca_o</ci>
<apply>
<exp />
<apply>
<minus />
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">0.00001</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times />
<apply>
<divide />
<ci>J_R</ci>
<ci>g_D</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus />
<apply>
<times />
<ci>Ca_o</ci>
<apply>
<exp />
<apply>
<minus />
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">0.00001</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>Ca_SR</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus />
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<divide />
<ci>J_R</ci>
<ci>g_D</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide />
<apply>
<times />
<apply>
<divide />
<ci>J_L</ci>
<ci>g_D</ci>
</apply>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">0.00001</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus />
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp />
<apply>
<minus />
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">0.00001</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</otherwise>
</piecewise>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="convert_hinch">
<variable cmeta:id="convert_hinch.hinch_I_pCa" name="hinch_I_pCa" public_interface="in" units="mM_per_ms" />
<variable cmeta:id="convert_hinch.hinch_I_LCC" name="hinch_I_LCC" public_interface="in" units="mM_per_ms" />
<variable cmeta:id="convert_hinch.I_pCa" name="I_pCa" public_interface="out" units="uA" />
<variable cmeta:id="convert_hinch.I_LCC" name="I_LCC" public_interface="out" units="uA" />
<variable cmeta:id="convert_hinch.hinch_I_RyR" name="hinch_I_RyR" public_interface="in" units="mM_per_ms" />
<variable cmeta:id="convert_hinch.I_RyR" name="I_RyR" public_interface="out" units="mM_per_ms" />
<variable cmeta:id="convert_hinch.hinch_I_CaB" name="hinch_I_CaB" public_interface="in" units="mM_per_ms" />
<variable cmeta:id="convert_hinch.hinch_I_NaCa" name="hinch_I_NaCa" public_interface="in" units="mM_per_ms" />
<variable cmeta:id="convert_hinch.V_myo" name="V_myo" public_interface="in" units="um3" />
<variable cmeta:id="convert_hinch.I_NaCa" name="I_NaCa" public_interface="out" units="uA" />
<variable cmeta:id="convert_hinch.F" name="F" public_interface="in" units="C_per_mole" />
<variable cmeta:id="convert_hinch.I_CaB" name="I_CaB" public_interface="out" units="uA" />
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq />
<ci>I_LCC</ci>
<apply>
<times />
<apply>
<minus />
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1.5</cn>
</apply>
<ci>hinch_I_LCC</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
<ci>V_myo</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq />
<ci>I_NaCa</ci>
<apply>
<times />
<ci>hinch_I_NaCa</ci>
<ci>V_myo</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq />
<ci>I_pCa</ci>
<apply>
<times />
<ci>hinch_I_pCa</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
<ci>V_myo</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq />
<ci>I_CaB</ci>
<apply>
<times />
<apply>
<minus />
<ci>hinch_I_CaB</ci>
</apply>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
<ci>V_myo</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq />
<ci>I_RyR</ci>
<apply>
<times />
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1.5</cn>
<ci>hinch_I_RyR</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="troponin_Ca_buffer">
<variable cmeta:id="troponin_Ca_buffer.Ca_i" name="Ca_i" public_interface="in" units="mM" />
<variable cmeta:id="troponin_Ca_buffer.k_p_TRPN" name="k_p_TRPN" units="per_mM_ms" />
<variable cmeta:id="troponin_Ca_buffer.B_TRPN" name="B_TRPN" units="mM" />
<variable cmeta:id="troponin_Ca_buffer.k_m_TRPN" name="k_m_TRPN" units="per_ms" />
<variable cmeta:id="troponin_Ca_buffer.TRPN" name="TRPN" public_interface="in" units="mM" />
<variable cmeta:id="troponin_Ca_buffer.I_TRPN" name="I_TRPN" public_interface="out" units="mM_per_ms" />
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq />
<ci>I_TRPN</ci>
<apply>
<minus />
<apply>
<times />
<ci>k_m_TRPN</ci>
<apply>
<minus />
<ci>B_TRPN</ci>
<ci>TRPN</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times />
<ci>k_p_TRPN</ci>
<ci>TRPN</ci>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="RyR_current">
<variable cmeta:id="RyR_current.y_co" name="y_co" public_interface="in" units="dimensionless" />
<variable cmeta:id="RyR_current.J_Roo" name="J_Roo" public_interface="in" units="um3_mM_per_ms" />
<variable cmeta:id="RyR_current.beta_pcc" name="beta_pcc" public_interface="in" units="per_ms" />
<variable cmeta:id="RyR_current.z_3" name="z_3" public_interface="in" units="dimensionless" />
<variable cmeta:id="RyR_current.J_R3" name="J_R3" public_interface="out" units="um3_mM_per_ms" />
<variable cmeta:id="RyR_current.y_oc" name="y_oc" public_interface="in" units="dimensionless" />
<variable cmeta:id="RyR_current.J_R1" name="J_R1" public_interface="out" units="um3_mM_per_ms" />
<variable cmeta:id="RyR_current.J_Rco" name="J_Rco" public_interface="in" units="um3_mM_per_ms" />
<variable cmeta:id="RyR_current.y_oo" name="y_oo" public_interface="in" units="dimensionless" />
<variable cmeta:id="RyR_current.z_1" name="z_1" public_interface="in" units="dimensionless" />
<variable cmeta:id="RyR_current_I_RyR" name="I_RyR" public_interface="out" units="mM_per_ms" />
<variable cmeta:id="RyR_current.N" name="N" public_interface="in" units="dimensionless" />
<variable cmeta:id="RyR_current.V_myo" name="V_myo" public_interface="in" units="um3" />
<variable cmeta:id="RyR_current.beta_m" name="beta_m" public_interface="in" units="per_ms" />
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq />
<ci>J_R1</ci>
<apply>
<plus />
<apply>
<times />
<ci>y_oo</ci>
<ci>J_Roo</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times />
<ci>J_Rco</ci>
<ci>y_co</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq />
<ci>J_R3</ci>
<apply>
<divide />
<apply>
<times />
<ci>J_Rco</ci>
<ci>beta_pcc</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus />
<ci>beta_m</ci>
<ci>beta_pcc</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq />
<ci>I_RyR</ci>
<apply>
<divide />
<apply>
<times />
<apply>
<plus />
<apply>
<times />
<ci>z_1</ci>
<ci>J_R1</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times />
<ci>z_3</ci>
<ci>J_R3</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>N</ci>
</apply>
<ci>V_myo</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="SR_Ca_leak_current">
<variable cmeta:id="SR_Ca_leak_current.Ca_i" name="Ca_i" public_interface="in" units="mM" />
<variable cmeta:id="SR_Ca_leak_current.g_SRl" name="g_SRl" units="per_ms" />
<variable cmeta:id="SR_Ca_leak_current.Ca_SR" name="Ca_SR" public_interface="in" units="mM" />
<variable cmeta:id="SR_Ca_leak_current_I_SR" name="I_SR" public_interface="out" units="mM_per_ms" />
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq />
<ci>I_SR</ci>
<apply>
<times />
<ci>g_SRl</ci>
<apply>
<minus />
<ci>Ca_SR</ci>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="LCC_current">
<variable cmeta:id="LCC_current.y_oo" name="y_oo" public_interface="in" units="dimensionless" />
<variable cmeta:id="LCC_current.J_Loo" name="J_Loo" public_interface="in" units="um3_mM_per_ms" />
<variable cmeta:id="LCC_current.N" name="N" public_interface="in" units="dimensionless" />
<variable cmeta:id="LCC_current_I_LCC" name="I_LCC" public_interface="out" units="mM_per_ms" />
<variable cmeta:id="LCC_current.alpha_p" name="alpha_p" public_interface="in" units="per_ms" />
<variable cmeta:id="LCC_current.z_2" name="z_2" public_interface="in" units="dimensionless" />
<variable cmeta:id="LCC_current.J_Loc" name="J_Loc" public_interface="in" units="um3_mM_per_ms" />
<variable cmeta:id="LCC_current.alpha_m" name="alpha_m" public_interface="in" units="per_ms" />
<variable cmeta:id="LCC_current.J_L2" name="J_L2" public_interface="out" units="um3_mM_per_ms" />
<variable cmeta:id="LCC_current.z_1" name="z_1" public_interface="in" units="dimensionless" />
<variable cmeta:id="LCC_current.V_myo" name="V_myo" public_interface="in" units="um3" />
<variable cmeta:id="LCC_current.y_oc" name="y_oc" public_interface="in" units="dimensionless" />
<variable cmeta:id="LCC_current.J_L1" name="J_L1" public_interface="out" units="um3_mM_per_ms" />
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq />
<ci>J_L1</ci>
<apply>
<plus />
<apply>
<times />
<ci>J_Loo</ci>
<ci>y_oo</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times />
<ci>J_Loc</ci>
<ci>y_oc</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq />
<ci>J_L2</ci>
<apply>
<divide />
<apply>
<times />
<ci>J_Loc</ci>
<ci>alpha_p</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus />
<ci>alpha_p</ci>
<ci>alpha_m</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq />
<ci>I_LCC</ci>
<apply>
<divide />
<apply>
<times />
<apply>
<plus />
<apply>
<times />
<ci>z_1</ci>
<ci>J_L1</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times />
<ci>z_2</ci>
<ci>J_L2</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>N</ci>
</apply>
<ci>V_myo</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="SERCA">
<variable cmeta:id="SERCA.K_SERCA" name="K_SERCA" units="mM" />
<variable cmeta:id="SERCA.g_SERCA" name="g_SERCA" units="mM_per_ms" />
<variable cmeta:id="SERCA.Ca_i" name="Ca_i" public_interface="in" units="mM" />
<variable cmeta:id="SERCA_I_SERCA" name="I_SERCA" public_interface="out" units="mM_per_ms" />
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq />
<ci>I_SERCA</ci>
<apply>
<divide />
<apply>
<times />
<ci>g_SERCA</ci>
<apply>
<power />
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus />
<apply>
<power />
<ci>K_SERCA</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<power />
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="CaRU_states">
<variable cmeta:id="CaRU_states.denom" name="denom" units="per_ms3" />
<variable cmeta:id="CaRU_states.beta_pcc" name="beta_pcc" public_interface="in" units="per_ms" />
<variable cmeta:id="CaRU_states.y_co" name="y_co" public_interface="out" units="dimensionless" />
<variable cmeta:id="CaRU_states.y_oc" name="y_oc" public_interface="out" units="dimensionless" />
<variable cmeta:id="CaRU_states.y_ic" name="y_ic" public_interface="out" units="dimensionless" />
<variable cmeta:id="CaRU_states.y_oi" name="y_oi" public_interface="out" units="dimensionless" />
<variable cmeta:id="CaRU_states.alpha_m" name="alpha_m" public_interface="in" units="per_ms" />
<variable cmeta:id="CaRU_states.beta_m" name="beta_m" public_interface="in" units="per_ms" />
<variable cmeta:id="CaRU_states.alpha_p" name="alpha_p" public_interface="in" units="per_ms" />
<variable cmeta:id="CaRU_states.beta_poc" name="beta_poc" public_interface="in" units="per_ms" />
<variable cmeta:id="CaRU_states.y_cc" name="y_cc" public_interface="out" units="dimensionless" />
<variable cmeta:id="CaRU_states.y_ii" name="y_ii" public_interface="out" units="dimensionless" />
<variable cmeta:id="CaRU_states.y_oo" name="y_oo" public_interface="out" units="dimensionless" />
<variable cmeta:id="CaRU_states.y_ci" name="y_ci" public_interface="out" units="dimensionless" />
<variable cmeta:id="CaRU_states.y_io" name="y_io" public_interface="out" units="dimensionless" />
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq />
<ci>denom</ci>
<apply>
<times />
<apply>
<plus />
<ci>alpha_p</ci>
<ci>alpha_m</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus />
<apply>
<times />
<apply>
<plus />
<ci>alpha_m</ci>
<ci>beta_m</ci>
<ci>beta_poc</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus />
<ci>beta_m</ci>
<ci>beta_pcc</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times />
<ci>alpha_p</ci>
<apply>
<plus />
<ci>beta_m</ci>
<ci>beta_poc</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq />
<ci>y_oc</ci>
<apply>
<divide />
<apply>
<times />
<ci>alpha_p</ci>
<ci>beta_m</ci>
<apply>
<plus />
<ci>alpha_p</ci>
<ci>alpha_m</ci>
<ci>beta_m</ci>
<ci>beta_pcc</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>denom</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq />
<ci>y_co</ci>
<apply>
<divide />
<apply>
<times />
<ci>alpha_m</ci>
<apply>
<plus />
<apply>
<times />
<ci>beta_pcc</ci>
<apply>
<plus />
<ci>alpha_m</ci>
<ci>beta_m</ci>
<ci>beta_poc</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times />
<ci>beta_poc</ci>
<ci>alpha_p</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>denom</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq />
<ci>y_oo</ci>
<apply>
<divide />
<apply>
<times />
<ci>alpha_p</ci>
<apply>
<plus />
<apply>
<times />
<ci>beta_poc</ci>
<apply>
<plus />
<ci>alpha_p</ci>
<ci>beta_m</ci>
<ci>beta_pcc</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times />
<ci>beta_pcc</ci>
<ci>alpha_m</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>denom</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq />
<ci>y_cc</ci>
<apply>
<divide />
<apply>
<times />
<ci>alpha_m</ci>
<ci>beta_m</ci>
<apply>
<plus />
<ci>alpha_m</ci>
<ci>alpha_p</ci>
<ci>beta_m</ci>
<ci>beta_poc</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>denom</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq />
<ci>y_ci</ci>
<apply>
<divide />
<ci>alpha_m</ci>
<apply>
<plus />
<ci>alpha_p</ci>
<ci>alpha_m</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq />
<ci>y_oi</ci>
<apply>
<divide />
<ci>alpha_p</ci>
<apply>
<plus />
<ci>alpha_p</ci>
<ci>alpha_m</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq />
<ci>y_ic</ci>
<apply>
<divide />
<ci>beta_m</ci>
<apply>
<plus />
<ci>beta_pcc</ci>
<ci>beta_m</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq />
<ci>y_io</ci>
<apply>
<divide />
<ci>beta_pcc</ci>
<apply>
<plus />
<ci>beta_pcc</ci>
<ci>beta_m</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq />
<ci>y_ii</ci>
<apply>
<minus />
<apply>
<minus />
<apply>
<minus />
<apply>
<minus />
<apply>
<minus />
<apply>
<minus />
<apply>
<minus />
<apply>
<minus />
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>y_oc</ci>
</apply>
<ci>y_co</ci>
</apply>
<ci>y_oo</ci>
</apply>
<ci>y_cc</ci>
</apply>
<ci>y_ci</ci>
</apply>
<ci>y_ic</ci>
</apply>
<ci>y_oi</ci>
</apply>
<ci>y_io</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="CaRU_Transitions">
<variable cmeta:id="CaRU_Transitions.C_oc" name="C_oc" public_interface="in" units="mM" />
<variable cmeta:id="CaRU_Transitions.phi_R" name="phi_R" units="dimensionless" />
<variable cmeta:id="CaRU_Transitions.V" name="V" public_interface="in" units="mV" />
<variable cmeta:id="CaRU_Transitions.tau_R" name="tau_R" units="ms" />
<variable cmeta:id="CaRU_Transitions.theta_R" name="theta_R" units="dimensionless" />
<variable cmeta:id="CaRU_Transitions.K_L" name="K_L" units="mM" />
<variable cmeta:id="CaRU_Transitions.phi_L" name="phi_L" units="dimensionless" />
<variable cmeta:id="CaRU_Transitions.beta_pcc" name="beta_pcc" public_interface="out" units="per_ms" />
<variable cmeta:id="CaRU_Transitions.d" name="d" units="dimensionless" />
<variable cmeta:id="CaRU_Transitions.c" name="c" units="dimensionless" />
<variable cmeta:id="CaRU_Transitions.b" name="b" units="dimensionless" />
<variable cmeta:id="CaRU_Transitions.a" name="a" units="dimensionless" />
<variable cmeta:id="CaRU_Transitions.epsilon_pcc" name="epsilon_pcc" public_interface="out" units="per_ms" />
<variable cmeta:id="CaRU_Transitions.mu_pcc" name="mu_pcc" public_interface="out" units="per_ms" />
<variable cmeta:id="CaRU_Transitions.beta_m" name="beta_m" public_interface="out" units="per_ms" />
<variable cmeta:id="CaRU_Transitions.tau_L" name="tau_L" units="ms" />
<variable cmeta:id="CaRU_Transitions.V_L" name="V_L" units="mV" />
<variable cmeta:id="CaRU_Transitions.epsilon_pco" name="epsilon_pco" public_interface="out" units="per_ms" />
<variable cmeta:id="CaRU_Transitions.expVL" name="expVL" units="dimensionless" />
<variable cmeta:id="CaRU_Transitions.mu_moc" name="mu_moc" public_interface="out" units="per_ms" />
<variable cmeta:id="CaRU_Transitions.mu_poc" name="mu_poc" public_interface="out" units="per_ms" />
<variable cmeta:id="CaRU_Transitions.del_VL" name="del_VL" units="mV" />
<variable cmeta:id="CaRU_Transitions.C_co" name="C_co" public_interface="in" units="mM" />
<variable cmeta:id="CaRU_Transitions.Ca_i" name="Ca_i" public_interface="in" units="mM" />
<variable cmeta:id="CaRU_Transitions.mu_mcc" name="mu_mcc" public_interface="out" units="per_ms" />
<variable cmeta:id="CaRU_Transitions.alpha_p" name="alpha_p" public_interface="out" units="per_ms" />
<variable cmeta:id="CaRU_Transitions.alpha_m" name="alpha_m" public_interface="out" units="per_ms" />
<variable cmeta:id="CaRU_Transitions.beta_poc" name="beta_poc" public_interface="out" units="per_ms" />
<variable cmeta:id="CaRU_Transitions.t_R" name="t_R" units="ms" />
<variable cmeta:id="CaRU_Transitions.epsilon_m" name="epsilon_m" public_interface="out" units="per_ms" />
<variable cmeta:id="CaRU_Transitions.t_L" name="t_L" units="ms" />
<variable cmeta:id="CaRU_Transitions.K_RyR" name="K_RyR" units="mM" />
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq />
<ci>expVL</ci>
<apply>
<exp />
<apply>
<divide />
<apply>
<minus />
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>V_L</ci>
</apply>
<ci>del_VL</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq />
<ci>t_R</ci>
<apply>
<times />
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1.17</cn>
<ci>t_L</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq />
<ci>alpha_p</ci>
<apply>
<divide />
<ci>expVL</ci>
<apply>
<times />
<ci>t_L</ci>
<apply>
<plus />
<ci>expVL</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq />
<ci>alpha_m</ci>
<apply>
<divide />
<ci>phi_L</ci>
<ci>t_L</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq />
<ci>beta_poc</ci>
<apply>
<divide />
<apply>
<power />
<ci>C_oc</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<times />
<ci>t_R</ci>
<apply>
<plus />
<apply>
<power />
<ci>C_oc</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<power />
<ci>K_RyR</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq />
<ci>beta_pcc</ci>
<apply>
<divide />
<apply>
<power />
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<times />
<ci>t_R</ci>
<apply>
<plus />
<apply>
<power />
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<power />
<ci>K_RyR</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq />
<ci>beta_m</ci>
<apply>
<divide />
<ci>phi_R</ci>
<ci>t_R</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq />
<ci>epsilon_pco</ci>
<apply>
<divide />
<apply>
<times />
<ci>C_co</ci>
<apply>
<plus />
<ci>expVL</ci>
<ci>a</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times />
<ci>tau_L</ci>
<ci>K_L</ci>
<apply>
<plus />
<ci>expVL</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq />
<ci>epsilon_pcc</ci>
<apply>
<divide />
<apply>
<times />
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
<apply>
<plus />
<ci>expVL</ci>
<ci>a</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times />
<ci>tau_L</ci>
<ci>K_L</ci>
<apply>
<plus />
<ci>expVL</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq />
<ci>epsilon_m</ci>
<apply>
<divide />
<apply>
<times />
<ci>b</ci>
<apply>
<plus />
<ci>expVL</ci>
<ci>a</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times />
<ci>tau_L</ci>
<apply>
<plus />
<apply>
<times />
<ci>b</ci>
<ci>expVL</ci>
</apply>
<ci>a</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq />
<ci>mu_poc</ci>
<apply>
<divide />
<apply>
<plus />
<apply>
<power />
<ci>C_oc</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<times />
<ci>c</ci>
<apply>
<power />
<ci>K_RyR</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times />
<ci>tau_R</ci>
<apply>
<plus />
<apply>
<power />
<ci>C_oc</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<power />
<ci>K_RyR</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq />
<ci>mu_pcc</ci>
<apply>
<divide />
<apply>
<plus />
<apply>
<power />
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<times />
<ci>c</ci>
<apply>
<power />
<ci>K_RyR</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times />
<ci>tau_R</ci>
<apply>
<plus />
<apply>
<power />
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<power />
<ci>K_RyR</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq />
<ci>mu_moc</ci>
<apply>
<divide />
<apply>
<times />
<ci>theta_R</ci>
<ci>d</ci>
<apply>
<plus />
<apply>
<power />
<ci>C_oc</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<times />
<ci>c</ci>
<apply>
<power />
<ci>K_RyR</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times />
<ci>tau_R</ci>
<apply>
<plus />
<apply>
<times />
<ci>d</ci>
<apply>
<power />
<ci>C_oc</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times />
<ci>c</ci>
<apply>
<power />
<ci>K_RyR</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq />
<ci>mu_mcc</ci>
<apply>
<divide />
<apply>
<times />
<ci>theta_R</ci>
<ci>d</ci>
<apply>
<plus />
<apply>
<power />
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<times />
<ci>c</ci>
<apply>
<power />
<ci>K_RyR</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times />
<ci>tau_R</ci>
<apply>
<plus />
<apply>
<times />
<ci>d</ci>
<apply>
<power />
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times />
<ci>c</ci>
<apply>
<power />
<ci>K_RyR</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="intracellular_ion_concentrations">
<variable cmeta:id="intracellular_ion_concentrations.Ca_SR" name="Ca_SR" public_interface="out" units="mM" />
<variable cmeta:id="intracellular_ion_concentrations_Ca_i" name="Ca_i" public_interface="out" units="mM" />
<variable cmeta:id="intracellular_ion_concentrations.beta_CMDN" name="beta_CMDN" public_interface="in" units="dimensionless" />
<variable cmeta:id="intracellular_ion_concentrations_CaSR_plot" name="CaSR_plot" units="mM" />
<variable cmeta:id="intracellular_ion_concentrations.I_CaB" name="I_CaB" public_interface="in" units="mM_per_ms" />
<variable cmeta:id="intracellular_ion_concentrations.I_NaCa" name="I_NaCa" public_interface="in" units="mM_per_ms" />
<variable cmeta:id="intracellular_ion_concentrations.Na_i" name="Na_i" public_interface="out" units="mM" />
<variable cmeta:id="intracellular_ion_concentrations.time" name="time" public_interface="in" units="ms" />
<variable cmeta:id="intracellular_ion_concentrations.I_SR" name="I_SR" public_interface="in" units="mM_per_ms" />
<variable cmeta:id="intracellular_ion_concentrations.TRPN" name="TRPN" public_interface="out" units="mM" />
<variable cmeta:id="intracellular_ion_concentrations.V_myo" name="V_myo" public_interface="in" units="um3" />
<variable cmeta:id="intracellular_ion_concentrations.I_TRPN" name="I_TRPN" public_interface="in" units="mM_per_ms" />
<variable cmeta:id="intracellular_ion_concentrations.I_SERCA" name="I_SERCA" public_interface="in" units="mM_per_ms" />
<variable cmeta:id="intracellular_ion_concentrations.I_pCa" name="I_pCa" public_interface="in" units="mM_per_ms" />
<variable cmeta:id="intracellular_ion_concentrations.V_SR" name="V_SR" public_interface="in" units="um3" />
<variable cmeta:id="intracellular_ion_concentrations.I_RyR" name="I_RyR" public_interface="in" units="mM_per_ms" />
<variable cmeta:id="intracellular_ion_concentrations.I_LCC" name="I_LCC" public_interface="in" units="mM_per_ms" />
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq />
<apply>
<diff />
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>TRPN</ci>
</apply>
<ci>I_TRPN</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq />
<apply>
<diff />
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times />
<ci>beta_CMDN</ci>
<apply>
<plus />
<apply>
<minus />
<apply>
<plus />
<apply>
<minus />
<apply>
<plus />
<ci>I_LCC</ci>
<ci>I_RyR</ci>
</apply>
<ci>I_SERCA</ci>
</apply>
<ci>I_SR</ci>
<ci>I_NaCa</ci>
</apply>
<ci>I_pCa</ci>
</apply>
<ci>I_CaB</ci>
<ci>I_TRPN</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq />
<apply>
<diff />
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Ca_SR</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times />
<apply>
<divide />
<ci>V_myo</ci>
<ci>V_SR</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus />
<apply>
<plus />
<apply>
<minus />
<ci>I_RyR</ci>
</apply>
<ci>I_SERCA</ci>
</apply>
<ci>I_SR</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq />
<ci>CaSR_plot</ci>
<apply>
<divide />
<apply>
<times />
<ci>Ca_SR</ci>
<ci>V_SR</ci>
</apply>
<ci>V_myo</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="DS_Calcium_Concentrations">
<variable cmeta:id="DS_Calcium_Concentrations.Ca_SR" name="Ca_SR" public_interface="in" units="mM" />
<variable cmeta:id="DS_Calcium_Concentrations.J_R" name="J_R" public_interface="in" units="um3_per_ms" />
<variable cmeta:id="DS_Calcium_Concentrations.g_D" name="g_D" public_interface="in" units="um3_per_ms" />
<variable cmeta:id="DS_Calcium_Concentrations.C_oc" name="C_oc" public_interface="out" units="mM" />
<variable cmeta:id="DS_Calcium_Concentrations.Ca_o" name="Ca_o" public_interface="in" units="mM" />
<variable cmeta:id="DS_Calcium_Concentrations.C_cc" name="C_cc" public_interface="out" units="mM" />
<variable cmeta:id="DS_Calcium_Concentrations.C_oo" name="C_oo" public_interface="out" units="mM" />
<variable cmeta:id="DS_Calcium_Concentrations.FVRT_Ca" name="FVRT_Ca" public_interface="in" units="dimensionless" />
<variable cmeta:id="DS_Calcium_Concentrations.C_co" name="C_co" public_interface="out" units="mM" />
<variable cmeta:id="DS_Calcium_Concentrations.Ca_i" name="Ca_i" public_interface="in" units="mM" />
<variable cmeta:id="DS_Calcium_Concentrations.J_L" name="J_L" public_interface="in" units="um3_per_ms" />
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq />
<ci>C_cc</ci>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq />
<ci>C_co</ci>
<apply>
<divide />
<apply>
<plus />
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
<apply>
<times />
<apply>
<divide />
<ci>J_R</ci>
<ci>g_D</ci>
</apply>
<ci>Ca_SR</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus />
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<divide />
<ci>J_R</ci>
<ci>g_D</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq />
<ci>C_oc</ci>
<piecewise>
<piece>
<apply>
<divide />
<apply>
<plus />
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
<apply>
<divide />
<apply>
<times />
<apply>
<divide />
<ci>J_L</ci>
<ci>g_D</ci>
</apply>
<ci>Ca_o</ci>
<ci>FVRT_Ca</ci>
<apply>
<exp />
<apply>
<minus />
<ci>FVRT_Ca</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus />
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp />
<apply>
<minus />
<ci>FVRT_Ca</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus />
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<divide />
<apply>
<times />
<apply>
<divide />
<ci>J_L</ci>
<ci>g_D</ci>
</apply>
<ci>FVRT_Ca</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus />
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp />
<apply>
<minus />
<ci>FVRT_Ca</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<gt />
<apply>
<abs />
<ci>FVRT_Ca</ci>
</apply>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">0.000000001</cn>
</apply>
</piece>
<otherwise>
<apply>
<divide />
<apply>
<plus />
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
<apply>
<times />
<apply>
<divide />
<ci>J_L</ci>
<ci>g_D</ci>
</apply>
<ci>Ca_o</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus />
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<divide />
<ci>J_L</ci>
<ci>g_D</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</otherwise>
</piecewise>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq />
<ci>C_oo</ci>
<piecewise>
<piece>
<apply>
<divide />
<apply>
<plus />
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
<apply>
<times />
<apply>
<divide />
<ci>J_R</ci>
<ci>g_D</ci>
</apply>
<ci>Ca_SR</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide />
<apply>
<times />
<apply>
<divide />
<ci>J_L</ci>
<ci>g_D</ci>
</apply>
<ci>Ca_o</ci>
<ci>FVRT_Ca</ci>
<apply>
<exp />
<apply>
<minus />
<ci>FVRT_Ca</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus />
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp />
<apply>
<minus />
<ci>FVRT_Ca</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus />
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<divide />
<ci>J_R</ci>
<ci>g_D</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide />
<apply>
<times />
<apply>
<divide />
<ci>J_L</ci>
<ci>g_D</ci>
</apply>
<ci>FVRT_Ca</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus />
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp />
<apply>
<minus />
<ci>FVRT_Ca</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<gt />
<apply>
<abs />
<ci>FVRT_Ca</ci>
</apply>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">0.000000001</cn>
</apply>
</piece>
<otherwise>
<apply>
<divide />
<apply>
<plus />
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
<apply>
<times />
<apply>
<divide />
<ci>J_R</ci>
<ci>g_D</ci>
</apply>
<ci>Ca_SR</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times />
<apply>
<divide />
<ci>J_L</ci>
<ci>g_D</ci>
</apply>
<ci>Ca_o</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus />
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<divide />
<ci>J_R</ci>
<ci>g_D</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide />
<ci>J_L</ci>
<ci>g_D</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</otherwise>
</piecewise>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="cell_geometry">
<variable cmeta:id="cell_geometry.V_myo" name="V_myo" public_interface="out" units="um3" />
<variable cmeta:id="cell_geometry.A_cap" name="A_cap" public_interface="out" units="um2" />
<variable cmeta:id="cell_geometry.V_SR" name="V_SR" public_interface="out" units="um3" />
</component>
<component name="CaRU_reduced_states">
<variable cmeta:id="CaRU_reduced_states.r_1" name="r_1" public_interface="out" units="per_ms" />
<variable cmeta:id="CaRU_reduced_states.r_2" name="r_2" public_interface="out" units="per_ms" />
<variable cmeta:id="CaRU_reduced_states.alpha_p" name="alpha_p" public_interface="in" units="per_ms" />
<variable cmeta:id="CaRU_reduced_states.r_5" name="r_5" public_interface="out" units="per_ms" />
<variable cmeta:id="CaRU_reduced_states.alpha_m" name="alpha_m" public_interface="in" units="per_ms" />
<variable cmeta:id="CaRU_reduced_states.r_6" name="r_6" public_interface="out" units="per_ms" />
<variable cmeta:id="CaRU_reduced_states.r_3" name="r_3" public_interface="out" units="per_ms" />
<variable cmeta:id="CaRU_reduced_states.r_4" name="r_4" public_interface="out" units="per_ms" />
<variable cmeta:id="CaRU_reduced_states.z_2" name="z_2" public_interface="out" units="dimensionless" />
<variable cmeta:id="CaRU_reduced_states.beta_m" name="beta_m" public_interface="in" units="per_ms" />
<variable cmeta:id="CaRU_reduced_states.z_1" name="z_1" public_interface="out" units="dimensionless" />
<variable cmeta:id="CaRU_reduced_states.r_7" name="r_7" public_interface="out" units="per_ms" />
<variable cmeta:id="CaRU_reduced_states.y_co" name="y_co" public_interface="in" units="dimensionless" />
<variable cmeta:id="CaRU_reduced_states.r_8" name="r_8" public_interface="out" units="per_ms" />
<variable cmeta:id="CaRU_reduced_states.z_4" name="z_4" public_interface="out" units="dimensionless" />
<variable cmeta:id="CaRU_reduced_states.z_3" name="z_3" public_interface="out" units="dimensionless" />
<variable cmeta:id="CaRU_reduced_states.epsilon_m" name="epsilon_m" public_interface="in" units="per_ms" />
<variable cmeta:id="CaRU_reduced_states.time" name="time" public_interface="in" units="ms" />
<variable cmeta:id="CaRU_reduced_states.beta_pcc" name="beta_pcc" public_interface="in" units="per_ms" />
<variable cmeta:id="CaRU_reduced_states.mu_pcc" name="mu_pcc" public_interface="in" units="per_ms" />
<variable cmeta:id="CaRU_reduced_states.mu_mcc" name="mu_mcc" public_interface="in" units="per_ms" />
<variable cmeta:id="CaRU_reduced_states.y_oc" name="y_oc" public_interface="in" units="dimensionless" />
<variable cmeta:id="CaRU_reduced_states.mu_poc" name="mu_poc" public_interface="in" units="per_ms" />
<variable cmeta:id="CaRU_reduced_states.mu_moc" name="mu_moc" public_interface="in" units="per_ms" />
<variable cmeta:id="CaRU_reduced_states.epsilon_pcc" name="epsilon_pcc" public_interface="in" units="per_ms" />
<variable cmeta:id="CaRU_reduced_states.epsilon_pco" name="epsilon_pco" public_interface="in" units="per_ms" />
<variable cmeta:id="CaRU_reduced_states.y_cc" name="y_cc" public_interface="in" units="dimensionless" />
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq />
<ci>r_1</ci>
<apply>
<plus />
<apply>
<times />
<ci>y_oc</ci>
<ci>mu_poc</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times />
<ci>y_cc</ci>
<ci>mu_pcc</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq />
<ci>r_2</ci>
<apply>
<divide />
<apply>
<plus />
<apply>
<times />
<ci>alpha_p</ci>
<ci>mu_moc</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times />
<ci>alpha_m</ci>
<ci>mu_mcc</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus />
<ci>alpha_p</ci>
<ci>alpha_m</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq />
<ci>r_3</ci>
<apply>
<divide />
<apply>
<times />
<ci>beta_m</ci>
<ci>mu_pcc</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus />
<ci>beta_m</ci>
<ci>beta_pcc</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq />
<ci>r_4</ci>
<ci>mu_mcc</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq />
<ci>r_5</ci>
<apply>
<plus />
<apply>
<times />
<ci>y_co</ci>
<ci>epsilon_pco</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times />
<ci>y_cc</ci>
<ci>epsilon_pcc</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq />
<ci>r_6</ci>
<ci>epsilon_m</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq />
<ci>r_7</ci>
<apply>
<divide />
<apply>
<times />
<ci>alpha_m</ci>
<ci>epsilon_pcc</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus />
<ci>alpha_p</ci>
<ci>alpha_m</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq />
<ci>r_8</ci>
<ci>epsilon_m</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq />
<ci>z_4</ci>
<apply>
<minus />
<apply>
<minus />
<apply>
<minus />
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>z_1</ci>
</apply>
<ci>z_2</ci>
</apply>
<ci>z_3</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq />
<apply>
<diff />
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>z_1</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus />
<apply>
<times />
<apply>
<minus />
<apply>
<plus />
<ci>r_1</ci>
<ci>r_5</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>z_1</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times />
<ci>r_2</ci>
<ci>z_2</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times />
<ci>r_6</ci>
<ci>z_3</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq />
<apply>
<diff />
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>z_2</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus />
<apply>
<minus />
<apply>
<times />
<ci>r_1</ci>
<ci>z_1</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times />
<apply>
<plus />
<ci>r_2</ci>
<ci>r_7</ci>
</apply>
<ci>z_2</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times />
<ci>r_8</ci>
<ci>z_4</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq />
<apply>
<diff />
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>z_3</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus />
<apply>
<minus />
<apply>
<times />
<ci>r_5</ci>
<ci>z_1</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times />
<apply>
<plus />
<ci>r_6</ci>
<ci>r_3</ci>
</apply>
<ci>z_3</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times />
<ci>r_4</ci>
<ci>z_4</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<group>
<relationship_ref relationship="containment" />
<component_ref component="membrane">
<component_ref component="calmodulin_Ca_buffer" />
<component_ref component="CaRU">
<component_ref component="LCC_current" />
<component_ref component="DS_Calcium_Concentrations" />
<component_ref component="CaRU_Transitions" />
<component_ref component="CaRU_reduced_states" />
<component_ref component="RyR_current" />
<component_ref component="CaRU_states" />
<component_ref component="LCC_and_RyR_fluxes" />
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="Background_Ca_current" />
<component_ref component="extracellular_ion_concentrations" />
<component_ref component="intracellular_ion_concentrations" />
<component_ref component="Na_Ca_Exchanger" />
<component_ref component="cell_geometry" />
<component_ref component="Sarcolemmal_Ca_pump" />
<component_ref component="SR_Ca_leak_current" />
<component_ref component="SERCA" />
<component_ref component="troponin_Ca_buffer" />
</component_ref>
</group>
<group>
<relationship_ref relationship="encapsulation" />
<component_ref component="CaRU">
<component_ref component="LCC_current" />
<component_ref component="DS_Calcium_Concentrations" />
<component_ref component="CaRU_Transitions" />
<component_ref component="CaRU_reduced_states" />
<component_ref component="RyR_current" />
<component_ref component="CaRU_states" />
<component_ref component="LCC_and_RyR_fluxes" />
</component_ref>
</group>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="CaRU" component_2="CaRU_reduced_states" />
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time" />
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="Sarcolemmal_Ca_pump" component_2="convert_hinch" />
<map_variables variable_1="I_pCa" variable_2="hinch_I_pCa" />
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="extracellular_ion_concentrations" component_2="Na_Ca_Exchanger" />
<map_variables variable_1="Na_o" variable_2="Na_o" />
<map_variables variable_1="Ca_o" variable_2="Ca_o" />
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_2="calmodulin_Ca_buffer" />
<map_variables variable_1="Ca_i" variable_2="Ca_i" />
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="DS_Calcium_Concentrations" component_2="CaRU_Transitions" />
<map_variables variable_1="C_oc" variable_2="C_oc" />
<map_variables variable_1="C_co" variable_2="C_co" />
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_2="Background_Ca_current" />
<map_variables variable_1="Ca_i" variable_2="Ca_i" />
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="RyR_current" component_2="CaRU" />
<map_variables variable_1="I_RyR" variable_2="I_RyR" />
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="CaRU_Transitions" component_2="CaRU_reduced_states" />
<map_variables variable_1="mu_poc" variable_2="mu_poc" />
<map_variables variable_1="epsilon_pcc" variable_2="epsilon_pcc" />
<map_variables variable_1="alpha_m" variable_2="alpha_m" />
<map_variables variable_1="mu_pcc" variable_2="mu_pcc" />
<map_variables variable_1="beta_m" variable_2="beta_m" />
<map_variables variable_1="epsilon_pco" variable_2="epsilon_pco" />
<map_variables variable_1="mu_moc" variable_2="mu_moc" />
<map_variables variable_1="alpha_p" variable_2="alpha_p" />
<map_variables variable_1="mu_mcc" variable_2="mu_mcc" />
<map_variables variable_1="beta_pcc" variable_2="beta_pcc" />
<map_variables variable_1="epsilon_m" variable_2="epsilon_m" />
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="SR_Ca_leak_current" component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" />
<map_variables variable_1="I_SR" variable_2="I_SR" />
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_2="SERCA" />
<map_variables variable_1="Ca_i" variable_2="Ca_i" />
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="environment" component_2="membrane" />
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time" />
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="troponin_Ca_buffer" component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" />
<map_variables variable_1="I_TRPN" variable_2="I_TRPN" />
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="CaRU_Transitions" component_2="RyR_current" />
<map_variables variable_1="beta_m" variable_2="beta_m" />
<map_variables variable_1="beta_pcc" variable_2="beta_pcc" />
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_2="CaRU" />
<map_variables variable_1="Ca_SR" variable_2="Ca_SR" />
<map_variables variable_1="Ca_i" variable_2="Ca_i" />
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="LCC_and_RyR_fluxes" component_2="RyR_current" />
<map_variables variable_1="J_Roo" variable_2="J_Roo" />
<map_variables variable_1="J_Rco" variable_2="J_Rco" />
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="CaRU" component_2="convert_hinch" />
<map_variables variable_1="I_RyR" variable_2="hinch_I_RyR" />
<map_variables variable_1="I_LCC" variable_2="hinch_I_LCC" />
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="calmodulin_Ca_buffer" component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" />
<map_variables variable_1="beta_CMDN" variable_2="beta_CMDN" />
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="cell_geometry" component_2="CaRU" />
<map_variables variable_1="V_myo" variable_2="V_myo" />
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="CaRU_states" component_2="CaRU_reduced_states" />
<map_variables variable_1="y_cc" variable_2="y_cc" />
<map_variables variable_1="y_oc" variable_2="y_oc" />
<map_variables variable_1="y_co" variable_2="y_co" />
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="Na_Ca_Exchanger" component_2="convert_hinch" />
<map_variables variable_1="I_NaCa" variable_2="hinch_I_NaCa" />
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="CaRU" component_2="DS_Calcium_Concentrations" />
<map_variables variable_1="Ca_o" variable_2="Ca_o" />
<map_variables variable_1="J_R" variable_2="J_R" />
<map_variables variable_1="J_L" variable_2="J_L" />
<map_variables variable_1="Ca_SR" variable_2="Ca_SR" />
<map_variables variable_1="g_D" variable_2="g_D" />
<map_variables variable_1="FVRT_Ca" variable_2="FVRT_Ca" />
<map_variables variable_1="Ca_i" variable_2="Ca_i" />
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="CaRU" component_2="LCC_and_RyR_fluxes" />
<map_variables variable_1="Ca_o" variable_2="Ca_o" />
<map_variables variable_1="J_R" variable_2="J_R" />
<map_variables variable_1="J_L" variable_2="J_L" />
<map_variables variable_1="Ca_SR" variable_2="Ca_SR" />
<map_variables variable_1="g_D" variable_2="g_D" />
<map_variables variable_1="FVRT_Ca" variable_2="FVRT_Ca" />
<map_variables variable_1="Ca_i" variable_2="Ca_i" />
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="CaRU_Transitions" component_2="LCC_current" />
<map_variables variable_1="alpha_m" variable_2="alpha_m" />
<map_variables variable_1="alpha_p" variable_2="alpha_p" />
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="CaRU" component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" />
<map_variables variable_1="I_RyR" variable_2="I_RyR" />
<map_variables variable_1="I_LCC" variable_2="I_LCC" />
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="Background_Ca_current" component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" />
<map_variables variable_1="I_CaB" variable_2="I_CaB" />
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="CaRU_states" component_2="LCC_current" />
<map_variables variable_1="y_oc" variable_2="y_oc" />
<map_variables variable_1="y_oo" variable_2="y_oo" />
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="SERCA" component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" />
<map_variables variable_1="I_SERCA" variable_2="I_SERCA" />
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="Na_Ca_Exchanger" />
<map_variables variable_1="FVRT" variable_2="FVRT" />
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="Background_Ca_current" />
<map_variables variable_1="T" variable_2="T" />
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V" />
<map_variables variable_1="F" variable_2="F" />
<map_variables variable_1="R" variable_2="R" />
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="cell_geometry" component_2="convert_hinch" />
<map_variables variable_1="V_myo" variable_2="V_myo" />
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="CaRU_states" component_2="RyR_current" />
<map_variables variable_1="y_oc" variable_2="y_oc" />
<map_variables variable_1="y_co" variable_2="y_co" />
<map_variables variable_1="y_oo" variable_2="y_oo" />
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="CaRU" component_2="CaRU_Transitions" />
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V" />
<map_variables variable_1="Ca_i" variable_2="Ca_i" />
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="convert_hinch" />
<map_variables variable_1="F" variable_2="F" />
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="extracellular_ion_concentrations" component_2="CaRU" />
<map_variables variable_1="Ca_o" variable_2="Ca_o" />
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="CaRU" component_2="LCC_current" />
<map_variables variable_1="N" variable_2="N" />
<map_variables variable_1="V_myo" variable_2="V_myo" />
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="CaRU_reduced_states" component_2="RyR_current" />
<map_variables variable_1="z_3" variable_2="z_3" />
<map_variables variable_1="z_1" variable_2="z_1" />
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</dc:creator>
<dc:title>A Simplified Local Control Model of Calcium-Induced Calcium Release in Cardiac Ventricular Myocytes</dc:title>
<bqs:Journal>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#231dadf8-d571-416f-9096-7cc0fba18335">
<dc:title>Biophysical Journal</dc:title>
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<dcterms:issued>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#47474752-8548-4e07-bd2e-5a79278b96f1">
<dcterms:W3CDTF>2004-12-01 00:00</dcterms:W3CDTF>
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<bqs:subject_type>keyword</bqs:subject_type>
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<rdf:li>ventricular myocyte</rdf:li>
<rdf:li>calcium dynamics</rdf:li>
<rdf:li>calcium</rdf:li>
<rdf:li>electrophysiology</rdf:li>
<rdf:li>cardiac</rdf:li>
<rdf:li>myocyte</rdf:li>
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<dcterms:description>Intracellular calcium (2+) concentration</dcterms:description>
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<dcterms:description>Permeability of a single ryanodine receptor</dcterms:description>
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<dcterms:description>Binding rate of calcium (2+) to troponin</dcterms:description>
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<dcterms:description>Pump rate of sodium-calcium exchanger. Used to balance transmembrane flux of calcium(2+) over each cycle.</dcterms:description>
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<dcterms:description>Total whole-cell current through the L-type calcium channels</dcterms:description>
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<dcterms:description>Reciprocal of proportion of time inactivated (closed) in open mode for ryanodine receptors</dcterms:description>
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<rdf:Description rdf:about="#convert_hinch.I_LCC">
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<dcterms:description>Total whole-cell current through the L-type calcium channels (in uA)</dcterms:description>
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<dcterms:description>Rapid buffer coeffiecient in the cytoplasm</dcterms:description>
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<dcterms:description>Unknown. This is an orphan term in the model.</dcterms:description>
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<dcterms:description>Volume of sarcoplasmic reticulum</dcterms:description>
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<dcterms:description>Voltage dependence of sodium-calcium exchanger control</dcterms:description>
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<dcterms:description>Intracellular calcium (2+) concentration</dcterms:description>
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<dcterms:description>Extracellular calcium (2+) concentration</dcterms:description>
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<dcterms:description>Proportion of time closed in open mode for L-type calcium channels</dcterms:description>
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<dcterms:description>Calcium (2+) flux rate from dyadic space to cytosol</dcterms:description>
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<dcterms:description>Biasing to make inactivation a function of calcium 2+ in the dyadic space</dcterms:description>
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<rdf:Description rdf:about="#CaRU_Transitions.expVL">
<dcterms:description>Convenience variable that is equal to exp((V-V_L)/del_VL)</dcterms:description>
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<dcterms:description>Current through the L-type calcium channel when both the L-type calcium channel and ryanodine receptor are in the open state</dcterms:description>
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<rdf:Description rdf:about="#CaRU_Transitions.mu_mcc">
<dcterms:description>Transition rate for three-state model of the ryanodine receptor</dcterms:description>
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<dcterms:description>The state of the calcium (2+) release unit when the L-type calcium channel is in the closed state and the ryanodine receptor is in the inactivated state</dcterms:description>
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<bqbiol:is rdf:resource="http://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_00089" />
<dcterms:description>Faraday constant</dcterms:description>
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<dcterms:description>Maximum pump rate of sarcolemmal pump</dcterms:description>
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<dcterms:description>Concentration of calcium (2+) in dyadic space when L-type calcium channel state is closed and when ryanodine receptor state is open</dcterms:description>
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<dcterms:description>Transition rate for three-state model of the ryanodine receptor when both the L-type calcium channel and ryanodine receptor are closed</dcterms:description>
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<dcterms:description>Calcium (2+) half saturation of sodium-calcium exchanger</dcterms:description>
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<dcterms:description>Transition rate for three-state model of the ryanodine receptor when both the L-type calcium channel and ryanodine receptor are closed</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
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<dcterms:description>The state of the calcium (2+) release unit when the L-type calcium channel is in the open state and the ryanodine receptor is in the closed state</dcterms:description>
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<rdf:Description rdf:about="#troponin_Ca_buffer.k_m_TRPN">
<dcterms:description>Dissociation rate of calcium (2+) from troponin</dcterms:description>
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<rdf:Description rdf:about="#CaRU_states.y_oc">
<dcterms:description>The state of the calcium (2+) release unit when the L-type calcium channel is in the open state and the ryanodine receptor is in the closed state</dcterms:description>
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<dcterms:description>Inactivation time for L-type calcium channels</dcterms:description>
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<dcterms:description>Calcium (2+) concentration in sarcoplasmic reticulum</dcterms:description>
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</semsim:hasSourceParticipant>
<semsim:name>Sarcolemmal calcium-ATPase flow</semsim:name>
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<dcterms:description>Sarcolemmal calcium-ATPase flow</dcterms:description>
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<rdf:Description rdf:about="#CaRU_Transitions.alpha_m">
<dcterms:description>Transition rate for three-state model of the L-type calcium channel</dcterms:description>
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<rdf:Description rdf:about="#CaRU_reduced_states.mu_poc">
<dcterms:description>Transition rate for three-state model of the ryanodine receptor</dcterms:description>
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<dcterms:description>Convenience term for expressing I_RyR equation?</dcterms:description>
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<rdf:Description rdf:about="#RyR_current.J_R3">
<dcterms:description>Convenience term for expressing I_RyR equation?</dcterms:description>
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<dc:publisher>University of Auckland</dc:publisher>
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<vCard:Orgname>Auckland Bioengineering Institute</vCard:Orgname>
<vCard:Orgunit>Systems Biology Group</vCard:Orgunit>
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<rdf:value>added cmeta:ids to some variables</rdf:value>
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<cmeta:modification>
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<rdf:value>This model runs in both COR and PCEnv.</rdf:value>
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<dcterms:description>Calcium (2+) resequestering into the sarcoplasmic reticulum via the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ -ATPase (SERCA) pump</dcterms:description>
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<dcterms:description>The state of the calcium (2+) release unit when both the L-type calcium channel and the ryanodine receptor are in the open state</dcterms:description>
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<dcterms:description>Transition rate for three-state model of the L-type calcium channel</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#LCC_and_RyR_fluxes.g_D">
<dcterms:description>Calcium (2+) flux rate from dyadic space to cytosol</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#SERCA.g_SERCA">
<dcterms:description>Maximum pump rate of sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ -ATPase (SERCA) pump</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#membrane.R">
<bqbiol:is rdf:resource="http://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_00410" />
<dcterms:description>Universal gas constant</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#LCC_and_RyR_fluxes.J_Rco">
<dcterms:description>Current through the ryanodine receptor when L-type calcium channel state is closed and ryanodine receptor state is open</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#calmodulin_Ca_buffer.B_CMDN">
<semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#property_23">
<semsim:physicalPropertyOf>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#entity_18">
<ro:part_of rdf:resource="#entity_1" />
<semsim:hasPhysicalDefinition rdf:resource="http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_P62158" />
</rdf:Description>
</semsim:physicalPropertyOf>
<semsim:hasPhysicalDefinition rdf:resource="http://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_00340" />
</rdf:Description>
</semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
<dcterms:description>Total cytosolic calmodulin concentration</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#DS_Calcium_Concentrations.g_D">
<dcterms:description>Calcium (2+) flux rate from dyadic space to cytosol</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#CaRU_reduced_states.y_co">
<dcterms:description>The state of the calcium (2+) release unit when the L-type calcium channel is in the closed state and the ryanodine receptor is in the open state</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#CaRU_states.y_co">
<dcterms:description>The state of the calcium (2+) release unit when the L-type calcium channel is in the closed state and the ryanodine receptor is in the open state</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#CaRU_Transitions.alpha_p">
<dcterms:description>Transition rate for three-state model of the L-type calcium channel</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#CaRU_reduced_states.beta_m">
<dcterms:description>Transition rate for three-state model of the ryanodine receptor</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#convert_hinch.I_pCa">
<semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#property_36">
<semsim:physicalPropertyOf rdf:resource="#process_1" />
<semsim:hasPhysicalDefinition rdf:resource="http://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_00318" />
</rdf:Description>
</semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
<dcterms:description>Sarcolemmal calcium-ATPase flow (in uA)</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#convert_hinch.I_CaB">
<semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#property_44">
<semsim:physicalPropertyOf rdf:resource="#process_4" />
<semsim:hasPhysicalDefinition rdf:resource="http://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_00318" />
</rdf:Description>
</semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
<dcterms:description>Sarcolemmal calcium leak current (in uA)</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#CaRU_states.denom">
<dcterms:description>Convenience term for computing ycc, yco, yoc, and yoo variables</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#Na_Ca_Exchanger.k_sat">
<dcterms:description>Low potential saturation factor of sodium-calcium exchanger</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#Background_Ca_current.F">
<bqbiol:is rdf:resource="http://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_00089" />
<dcterms:description>Faraday constant</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#CaRU_reduced_states.epsilon_pco">
<dcterms:description>Transition rate for three-state model of the L-type calcium channel</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#calmodulin_Ca_buffer.Ca_i">
<semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#property_24">
<semsim:physicalPropertyOf rdf:resource="#entity_7" />
<semsim:hasPhysicalDefinition rdf:resource="http://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_00340" />
</rdf:Description>
</semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
<dcterms:description>Intracellular calcium (2+) concentration</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#CaRU_reduced_states.alpha_m">
<dcterms:description>Transition rate for three-state model of the L-type calcium channel</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#Na_Ca_Exchanger.Na_o">
<semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#property_6">
<semsim:physicalPropertyOf rdf:resource="#entity_6" />
<semsim:hasPhysicalDefinition rdf:resource="http://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_00340" />
</rdf:Description>
</semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
<dcterms:description>Extracellular sodium (1+) concentration</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#intracellular_ion_concentrations.time">
<bqbiol:is rdf:resource="http://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_01023" />
<dcterms:description>Simulation time domain</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#extracellular_ion_concentrations.Na_o">
<semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#property_21">
<semsim:physicalPropertyOf rdf:resource="#entity_6" />
<semsim:hasPhysicalDefinition rdf:resource="http://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_00340" />
</rdf:Description>
</semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
<dcterms:description>Extracellular sodium (1+) concentration</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#RyR_current.N">
<semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#property_48">
<semsim:physicalPropertyOf>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#entity_17">
<ro:part_of rdf:resource="#entity_2" />
<semsim:name>Calcium release unit</semsim:name>
</rdf:Description>
</semsim:physicalPropertyOf>
<semsim:hasPhysicalDefinition rdf:resource="http://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_01001" />
</rdf:Description>
</semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
<dcterms:description>Number of calcium release units</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#CaRU_Transitions.mu_pcc">
<dcterms:description>Transition rate for three-state model of the ryanodine receptor</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#convert_hinch.V_myo">
<semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#property_42">
<semsim:physicalPropertyOf rdf:resource="#entity_16" />
<semsim:hasPhysicalDefinition rdf:resource="http://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_00154" />
</rdf:Description>
</semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
<dcterms:description>Volume of myoplasm</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#troponin_Ca_buffer.Ca_i">
<semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#property_45">
<semsim:physicalPropertyOf rdf:resource="#entity_7" />
<semsim:hasPhysicalDefinition rdf:resource="http://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_00340" />
</rdf:Description>
</semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
<dcterms:description>Intracellular calcium (2+) concentration</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#cell_geometry.V_SR">
<semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#property_87">
<semsim:physicalPropertyOf rdf:resource="#entity_22" />
<semsim:hasPhysicalDefinition rdf:resource="http://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_00154" />
</rdf:Description>
</semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
<dcterms:description>Volume of sarcoplasmic reticulum</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#CaRU_Transitions.mu_moc">
<dcterms:description>Transition rate for three-state model of the ryanodine receptor</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#intracellular_ion_concentrations.I_RyR">
<semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#property_76">
<semsim:physicalPropertyOf rdf:resource="#process_2" />
<semsim:hasPhysicalDefinition rdf:resource="http://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_00593" />
</rdf:Description>
</semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
<dcterms:description>Total whole-cell current through the ryanodine receptors</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#convert_hinch.hinch_I_NaCa">
<semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#property_41">
<semsim:physicalPropertyOf rdf:resource="#process_0" />
<semsim:hasPhysicalDefinition rdf:resource="http://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_00593" />
</rdf:Description>
</semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
<dcterms:description>Sodium-calcium exchange current</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#membrane.F">
<bqbiol:is rdf:resource="http://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_00089" />
<dcterms:description>Faraday constant</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#CaRU_states.y_oi">
<dcterms:description>The state of the calcium (2+) release unit when the L-type calcium channel is in the open state and the ryanodine receptor is in the inactivated state</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#Hinch_2004" bqmodel:isDescribedBy="15465866" semsim:modelName="Hinch_2004" />
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#CaRU_Transitions.t_L">
<dcterms:description>Time switching between closed and open states for L-type calcium channels</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#Background_Ca_current.R">
<bqbiol:is rdf:resource="http://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_00410" />
<dcterms:description>Universal gas constant</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#RyR_current.y_oc">
<dcterms:description>The state of the calcium (2+) release unit when the L-type calcium channel is in the open state and the ryanodine receptor is in the closed state</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#Background_Ca_current.Ca_o">
<semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#property_29">
<semsim:physicalPropertyOf rdf:resource="#entity_3" />
<semsim:hasPhysicalDefinition rdf:resource="http://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_00340" />
</rdf:Description>
</semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
<dcterms:description>Extracellular calcium (2+) concentration</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#LCC_and_RyR_fluxes.Ca_o">
<semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#property_33">
<semsim:physicalPropertyOf rdf:resource="#entity_3" />
<semsim:hasPhysicalDefinition rdf:resource="http://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_00340" />
</rdf:Description>
</semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
<dcterms:description>Extracellular calcium (2+) concentration</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#CaRU_reduced_states.z_1">
<dcterms:description>State 1 of calcium release unit: z1 = ycc union yco union yoc union yoo</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#CaRU.time">
<bqbiol:is rdf:resource="http://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_01023" />
<dcterms:description>Simulation time domain</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#CaRU_Transitions.phi_R">
<dcterms:description>Proportion of time closed in open mode for L-type calcium channels</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#Na_Ca_Exchanger.FVRT">
<dcterms:description>Convenience variable that is equal to F*V/(R*T)</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#CaRU_reduced_states.epsilon_m">
<dcterms:description>Transition rate for three-state model of the L-type calcium channel</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#intracellular_ion_concentrations.I_NaCa">
<semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#property_69">
<semsim:physicalPropertyOf rdf:resource="#process_0" />
<semsim:hasPhysicalDefinition rdf:resource="http://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_00593" />
</rdf:Description>
</semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
<dcterms:description>Sodium-calcium exchange current</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#LCC_current.z_2">
<dcterms:description>State 2 of calcium release channel: z2 = yoi union yci</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#cell_geometry.V_myo">
<semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#property_85">
<semsim:physicalPropertyOf rdf:resource="#entity_16" />
<semsim:hasPhysicalDefinition rdf:resource="http://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_00154" />
</rdf:Description>
</semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
<dcterms:description>Volume of myoplasm</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#convert_hinch.hinch_I_CaB">
<semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#property_40">
<semsim:physicalPropertyOf rdf:resource="#process_4" />
<semsim:hasPhysicalDefinition rdf:resource="http://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_00593" />
</rdf:Description>
</semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
<dcterms:description>Sarcolemmal calcium leak current</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#membrane.FVRT_Ca">
<dcterms:description>Convenience variable that is equal to (F*V/(R*T))*2. Also equivalent to [greek delta]*V in the source manuscript</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#CaRU.J_R">
<dcterms:description>Permeability of a single ryanodine receptor</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#DS_Calcium_Concentrations.J_L">
<dcterms:description>Permeability of a single L-type calcium channel</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#DS_Calcium_Concentrations.C_oc">
<semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#property_79">
<semsim:hasPhysicalDefinition rdf:resource="http://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_00340" />
</rdf:Description>
</semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
<dcterms:description>Concentration of calcium (2+) in the dyadic space when the L-type calcium channel state is open and the ryanodine receptor state is closed</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#intracellular_ion_concentrations.V_myo">
<semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#property_72">
<semsim:physicalPropertyOf rdf:resource="#entity_16" />
<semsim:hasPhysicalDefinition rdf:resource="http://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_00154" />
</rdf:Description>
</semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
<dcterms:description>Volume of myoplasm</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#LCC_and_RyR_fluxes.J_Roo">
<dcterms:description>Current through the ryanodine receptor when both the L-type calcium channel and ryanodine receptor are in the open state</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#CaRU_reduced_states.z_3">
<dcterms:description>State 3 of calcium release unit: z3 = yic union yio</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#Background_Ca_current.Ca_i">
<semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#property_26">
<semsim:physicalPropertyOf rdf:resource="#entity_7" />
<semsim:hasPhysicalDefinition rdf:resource="http://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_00340" />
</rdf:Description>
</semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
<dcterms:description>Intracellular calcium (2+) concentration</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#CaRU_Transitions.beta_m">
<dcterms:description>Transition rate for three-state model of the ryanodine receptor</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#troponin_Ca_buffer.B_TRPN">
<semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#property_46">
<semsim:physicalPropertyOf>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#entity_19">
<ro:part_of rdf:resource="#entity_16" />
<semsim:name>Total bound and unbound troponin</semsim:name>
</rdf:Description>
</semsim:physicalPropertyOf>
<semsim:hasPhysicalDefinition rdf:resource="http://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_00340" />
</rdf:Description>
</semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
<dcterms:description>Total cytosolic troponin concentration</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#CaRU_Transitions.tau_R">
<dcterms:description>Inactivation time for ryanodine receptors</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#DS_Calcium_Concentrations.J_R">
<dcterms:description>Permeability of a single ryanodine receptor</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#CaRU.I_LCC">
<semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#property_13">
<semsim:physicalPropertyOf rdf:resource="#process_3" />
<semsim:hasPhysicalDefinition rdf:resource="http://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_00593" />
</rdf:Description>
</semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
<dcterms:description>Total whole-cell current through the L-type calcium channels</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#intracellular_ion_concentrations.beta_CMDN">
<dcterms:description>Rapid buffer coeffiecient in the cytoplasm</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#CaRU.J_L">
<dcterms:description>Permeability of a single L-type calcium channel</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#CaRU_reduced_states.z_2">
<dcterms:description>State 2 of calcium release channel: z2 = yoi union yci</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#process_7" dcterms:description="" />
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#CaRU_Transitions.b">
<dcterms:description>Biasing to make inactivation a function of membrane voltage</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#Sarcolemmal_Ca_pump.K_mpCa">
<semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#property_7">
<semsim:hasPhysicalDefinition rdf:resource="http://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_00340" />
</rdf:Description>
</semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
<dcterms:description>Half saturation of sarcolemmal pump</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#CaRU.Ca_i">
<semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#property_15">
<semsim:physicalPropertyOf rdf:resource="#entity_7" />
<semsim:hasPhysicalDefinition rdf:resource="http://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_00340" />
</rdf:Description>
</semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
<dcterms:description>Intracellular calcium (2+) concentration</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#CaRU_Transitions.C_oc">
<semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#property_59">
<semsim:hasPhysicalDefinition rdf:resource="http://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_00340" />
</rdf:Description>
</semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
<dcterms:description>Concentration of calcium (2+) in the dyadic space when the L-type calcium channel state is open and the ryanodine receptor state is closed</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#CaRU_states.beta_m">
<dcterms:description>Transition rate for three-state model of the ryanodine receptor</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#Background_Ca_current.E_Ca">
<semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#property_27">
<semsim:hasPhysicalDefinition rdf:resource="http://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_00506" />
</rdf:Description>
</semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
<dcterms:description>Reversal potential for sarcolemmal leak current</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#CaRU.FVRT_Ca">
<dcterms:description>Convenience variable that is equal to (F*V/(R*T))*2. Also equivalent to [greek delta]*V in the source manuscript</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#CaRU_Transitions.epsilon_m">
<dcterms:description>Transition rate for three-state model of the L-type calcium channel</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#CaRU_reduced_states.alpha_p">
<dcterms:description>Transition rate for three-state model of the L-type calcium channel</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#CaRU_Transitions.a">
<dcterms:description>Biasing to make inactivation a function of membrane voltage</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#intracellular_ion_concentrations.I_SR">
<semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#property_71">
<semsim:physicalPropertyOf rdf:resource="#process_5" />
<semsim:hasPhysicalDefinition rdf:resource="http://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_00593" />
</rdf:Description>
</semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
<dcterms:description>Calcium (2+) leak from the sarcoplasmic reticulum to the bulk myoplasm</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#LCC_current_I_LCC">
<semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#property_54">
<semsim:physicalPropertyOf rdf:resource="#process_3" />
<semsim:hasPhysicalDefinition rdf:resource="http://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_00593" />
</rdf:Description>
</semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
<dcterms:description>Total whole-cell current through the L-type calcium channels</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#CaRU_reduced_states.z_4">
<dcterms:description>State 4 of calcium release unit: z4 = yii</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#CaRU_Transitions.t_R">
<dcterms:description>Time switching between closed and open states for ryanodine receptors</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#CaRU_Transitions.K_L">
<semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#property_61">
<semsim:hasPhysicalDefinition rdf:resource="http://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_00340" />
</rdf:Description>
</semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
<dcterms:description>Concentration of L-type calcium channels at inactivation</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#CaRU_states.y_ic">
<dcterms:description>The state of the calcium (2+) release unit when the L-type calcium channel is in the inactivated state and the ryanodine receptor is in the closed state</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#CaRU_states.y_oo">
<dcterms:description>The state of the calcium (2+) release unit when both the L-type calcium channel and the ryanodine receptor are in the open state</dcterms:description>
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<rdf:Description rdf:about="#intracellular_ion_concentrations.Ca_SR">
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<dcterms:description>Calcium (2+) concentration in sarcoplasmic reticulum</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#CaRU_Transitions.V_L">
<dcterms:description>Potential when half LCC open</dcterms:description>
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<rdf:Description rdf:about="#SERCA_I_SERCA">
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<dcterms:description>Calcium (2+) resequestering into the sarcoplasmic reticulum via the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ -ATPase (SERCA) pump</dcterms:description>
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<rdf:Description rdf:about="#SERCA.K_SERCA">
<semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
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<dcterms:description>Half saturation of sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ -ATPase (SERCA) pump</dcterms:description>
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<rdf:Description rdf:about="#convert_hinch.hinch_I_RyR">
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<dcterms:description>Total whole-cell current through the ryanodine receptors</dcterms:description>
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<rdf:Description rdf:about="#SERCA.Ca_i">
<semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#property_57">
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<dcterms:description>Intracellular calcium (2+) concentration</dcterms:description>
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<rdf:Description rdf:about="#intracellular_ion_concentrations_Ca_i">
<semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#property_66">
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</semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
<dcterms:description>Intracellular calcium (2+) concentration</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#CaRU_reduced_states.mu_mcc">
<dcterms:description>Transition rate for three-state model of the ryanodine receptor</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#CaRU_Transitions.C_co">
<semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#property_62">
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<dcterms:description>Concentration of calcium (2+) in dyadic space when L-type calcium channel state is closed and when ryanodine receptor state is open</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#membrane.time">
<bqbiol:is rdf:resource="http://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_01023" />
<dcterms:description>Simulation time domain</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#CaRU_reduced_states.r_1">
<dcterms:description>Rate constant for transition of calcium release unit from state 1 to state 2</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#LCC_current.alpha_p">
<dcterms:description>Transition rate for three-state model of the L-type calcium channel</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#LCC_and_RyR_fluxes.J_Loc">
<dcterms:description>Current through the L-type calcium channel when L-type calcium channel state is open and ryanodine receptor state is closed</dcterms:description>
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<rdf:Description rdf:about="#Na_Ca_Exchanger.Na_i">
<semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#property_1">
<semsim:physicalPropertyOf rdf:resource="#entity_0" />
<semsim:hasPhysicalDefinition rdf:resource="http://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_00340" />
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</semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
<dcterms:description>Intracellular sodium (1+) concentration</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#RyR_current.J_Roo">
<dcterms:description>Current through the ryanodine receptor when both the L-type calcium channel and ryanodine receptor are in the open state</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#RyR_current.z_3">
<dcterms:description>State 3 of calcium release unit: z3 = yic union yio</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#CaRU_Transitions.epsilon_pco">
<dcterms:description>Transition rate for three-state model of the L-type calcium channel</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#CaRU_Transitions.V">
<semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#property_60">
<semsim:physicalPropertyOf rdf:resource="#entity_11" />
<semsim:hasPhysicalDefinition rdf:resource="http://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_00506" />
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</semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
<dcterms:description>Voltage across cell membrane</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#DS_Calcium_Concentrations.Ca_o">
<semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#property_80">
<semsim:physicalPropertyOf rdf:resource="#entity_3" />
<semsim:hasPhysicalDefinition rdf:resource="http://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_00340" />
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</semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
<dcterms:description>Extracellular calcium (2+) concentration</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#Na_Ca_Exchanger.Ca_i">
<semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#property_5">
<semsim:physicalPropertyOf rdf:resource="#entity_7" />
<semsim:hasPhysicalDefinition rdf:resource="http://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_00340" />
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</semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
<dcterms:description>Intracellular calcium (2+) concentration</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#intracellular_ion_concentrations_CaSR_plot">
<semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#property_67">
<semsim:hasPhysicalDefinition rdf:resource="http://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_00340" />
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</semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
<dcterms:description>Concentration of sarcoplasmic calcium normalized to cytosolic volume (presumably for comparing simulation results to Figure 7B of reference publication).</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#RyR_current.z_1">
<dcterms:description>State 1 of calcium release unit: z1 = ycc union yco union yoc union yoo</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#Na_Ca_Exchanger_I_NaCa">
<semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#property_3">
<semsim:physicalPropertyOf rdf:resource="#process_0" />
<semsim:hasPhysicalDefinition rdf:resource="http://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_00593" />
</rdf:Description>
</semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
<dcterms:description>Sodium-calcium exchange current</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#CaRU_Transitions.mu_poc">
<dcterms:description>Transition rate for three-state model of the ryanodine receptor</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#CaRU_states.alpha_m">
<dcterms:description>Transition rate for three-state model of the L-type calcium channel</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#LCC_current.z_1">
<dcterms:description>State 1 of calcium release unit: z1 = ycc union yco union yoc union yoo</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#Background_Ca_current.g_CaB">
<dcterms:description>Conductance of background calcium (2+) current</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#CaRU_reduced_states.r_3">
<dcterms:description>Rate constant for transition of calcium release unit from state 3 to state 4</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#CaRU.V_myo">
<semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#property_17">
<semsim:physicalPropertyOf rdf:resource="#entity_16" />
<semsim:hasPhysicalDefinition rdf:resource="http://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_00154" />
</rdf:Description>
</semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
<dcterms:description>Volume of myoplasm</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#Background_Ca_current.T">
<semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#property_28">
<semsim:physicalPropertyOf rdf:resource="#entity_5" />
<semsim:hasPhysicalDefinition rdf:resource="http://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_00293" />
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</semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
<dcterms:description>Ambient temperature</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#CaRU.N">
<semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#property_18">
<semsim:physicalPropertyOf rdf:resource="#entity_17" />
<semsim:hasPhysicalDefinition rdf:resource="http://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_01001" />
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</semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
<dcterms:description>Number of calcium release units</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#LCC_current.J_L2">
<dcterms:description>Convenience term for expressing equation for I_LCC?</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#convert_hinch.hinch_I_LCC">
<semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#property_35">
<semsim:physicalPropertyOf rdf:resource="#process_3" />
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</semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
<dcterms:description>Total whole-cell current through the L-type calcium channels</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#CaRU_reduced_states.r_2">
<dcterms:description>Rate constant for transition of calcium release unit from state 2 to state 1</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#LCC_current.alpha_m">
<dcterms:description>Transition rate for three-state model of the L-type calcium channel</dcterms:description>
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<rdf:Description rdf:about="#convert_hinch.I_RyR">
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<semsim:physicalPropertyOf rdf:resource="#process_2" />
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</semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
<dcterms:description>Total whole-cell current through the ryanodine receptors (in uA)</dcterms:description>
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<rdf:Description rdf:about="#DS_Calcium_Concentrations.C_cc">
<semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#property_81">
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<dcterms:description>Concentration of calcium (2+) in dyadic space when both L-type calcium channel and ryanodine receptor states are closed</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#CaRU_states.y_ii">
<dcterms:description>The state of the calcium (2+) release unit when both the L-type calcium channel and the ryanodine receptor are in the inactivated state</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#Background_Ca_current.V">
<semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#property_25">
<semsim:physicalPropertyOf rdf:resource="#entity_11" />
<semsim:hasPhysicalDefinition rdf:resource="http://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_00506" />
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</semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
<dcterms:description>Voltage across cell membrane</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#CaRU_reduced_states.r_5">
<dcterms:description>Rate constant for transition of calcium release unit from state 1 to state 3</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#LCC_current.N">
<semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#property_53">
<semsim:physicalPropertyOf rdf:resource="#entity_17" />
<semsim:hasPhysicalDefinition rdf:resource="http://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_01001" />
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</semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
<dcterms:description>Number of calcium release units</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#DS_Calcium_Concentrations.Ca_SR">
<semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#property_78">
<semsim:physicalPropertyOf rdf:resource="#entity_12" />
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</semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
<dcterms:description>Calcium (2+) concentration in sarcoplasmic reticulum</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#intracellular_ion_concentrations.I_pCa">
<semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#property_74">
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<semsim:hasPhysicalDefinition rdf:resource="http://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_00593" />
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</semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
<dcterms:description>Sarcolemmal calcium-ATPase flow</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#SR_Ca_leak_current.Ca_i">
<semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
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<dcterms:description>Intracellular calcium (2+) concentration</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#RyR_current.y_co">
<dcterms:description>The state of the calcium (2+) release unit when the L-type calcium channel is in the closed state and the ryanodine receptor is in the open state</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#RyR_current.V_myo">
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<rdf:Description rdf:about="#property_49">
<semsim:physicalPropertyOf rdf:resource="#entity_16" />
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</semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
<dcterms:description>Volume of myoplasm</dcterms:description>
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<rdf:Description rdf:about="#CaRU_Transitions.del_VL">
<dcterms:description>Width of opening potentials of L-type calcium channels</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#RyR_current.beta_m">
<dcterms:description>Transition rate for three-state model of the ryanodine receptor</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#CaRU_reduced_states.r_4">
<dcterms:description>Rate constant for transition of calcium release unit from state 4 to state 3</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#Sarcolemmal_Ca_pump_I_pCa">
<semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#property_9">
<semsim:physicalPropertyOf rdf:resource="#process_1" />
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</semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
<dcterms:description>Sarcolemmal calcium-ATPase flow</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#LCC_current.V_myo">
<semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#property_55">
<semsim:physicalPropertyOf rdf:resource="#entity_16" />
<semsim:hasPhysicalDefinition rdf:resource="http://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_00154" />
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</semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
<dcterms:description>Volume of myoplasm</dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#CaRU.I_RyR">
<semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#property_12">
<semsim:physicalPropertyOf rdf:resource="#process_2" />
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</semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
<dcterms:description>Total whole-cell current through the ryanodine receptors</dcterms:description>
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<rdf:Description rdf:about="#calmodulin_Ca_buffer.k_CMDN">
<semsim:isComputationalComponentFor>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#property_22">
<semsim:hasPhysicalDefinition rdf:resource="http://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_00340" />
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<dcterms:description>Half saturation constant of calmodulin</dcterms:description>
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<rdf:Description rdf:about="#LCC_and_RyR_fluxes.FVRT_Ca">
<dcterms:description>Convenience variable that is equal to (F*V/(R*T))*2. Also equivalent to [greek delta]*V in the source manuscript</dcterms:description>
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<rdf:Description rdf:about="#hinch_greenstein_tanskanen_xu_winslow_2004">
<ro:located_in rdf:resource="http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FMA_9672" />
<ro:compartmentOf rdf:resource="http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FMA_80352" />
<ro:located_in rdf:resource="http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FMA_80352" />
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<ro:located_in rdf:resource="http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FMA_66836" />
<ro:located_in rdf:resource="http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FMA_9462" />
<ro:located_in rdf:resource="http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FMA_14067" />
<ro:compartmentOf rdf:resource="http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FMA_14067" />
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<ro:located_in rdf:resource="http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FMA_84669" />
<ro:compartmentOf rdf:resource="http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FMA_9462" />
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<ro:located_in rdf:resource="http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FMA_67225" />
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<rdf:Description rdf:about="#CaRU_Transitions.beta_pcc">
<dcterms:description>Transition rate for three-state model of the ryanodine receptor when both the L-type calcium channel and ryanodine receptor are closed</dcterms:description>
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<rdf:Description rdf:about="#intracellular_ion_concentrations.I_CaB">
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<dcterms:description>Sarcolemmal calcium leak current</dcterms:description>
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<rdf:Description rdf:about="#CaRU_reduced_states.time">
<bqbiol:is rdf:resource="http://identifiers.org/opb/OPB_01023" />
<dcterms:description>Simulation time domain</dcterms:description>
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</model>
