- Author:
- Tessa Paris <tpar054@aucklanduni.ac.nz>
- Date:
- 2009-11-25 12:32:22+13:00
- Desc:
- Fixed equations and dimensions and added fast, slow and medium bursting models
- Permanent Source URI:
- https://models.physiomeproject.org/workspace/2e0/rawfile/54be3996f711871d6a9c0f9fd81013d4caf355a7/bertram_previte_sherman_kinard_satin_2000_slow.cellml
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<model xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" xmlns:cmeta="http://www.cellml.org/metadata/1.0#" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:bqs="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#" xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:vCard="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#" xmlns:ns7="http://www.cellml.org/metadata/simulation/1.0#" name="bertram_previte_sherman_kinard_satin_2000_version01" cmeta:id="bertram_previte_sherman_kinard_satin_2000_version01">
<documentation xmlns="http://cellml.org/tmp-documentation">
<article>
<articleinfo>
<title>The Phantom Burster Model For Pancreatic Beta-Cells</title>
<author>
<firstname>James</firstname>
<surname>Lawson</surname>
<affiliation>
<shortaffil>Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland</shortaffil>
</affiliation>
</author>
</articleinfo>
<section id="sec_status">
<title>Model Status</title>
<para> This model has been rebuilt according to the author's original XPPAUT code, which can be found <ulink url="http://www.math.fsu.edu/~bertram/software/islet/BJ_04a.ode">here</ulink>. This version of the CellML model represents the slow bursting model where gs1=3. The model replicates figure 4 in the published paper (please note you need to run the model for at least 300 seconds to get past the initial unstable stage). The model runs in both PCEnv and COR and the units are consistent. </para>
</section>
<sect1 id="sec_structure">
<title>Model Structure</title>
<para>
Pancreatic beta-cells have been the subject of both experimental and theoretical studies for several decades. One reason for this interest has been the essential role beta-cells play in glucose homeostasis - they are the only source of insulin that most cells require in order to take up and metabolise glucose, and impairment of beta-cell function contributes to diabetes. A major focus of theoretical work has been beta-cell dynamics, especially in the form of bursting electrical activity. The bursts consist of active phases of Ca<superscript>2+</superscript>
-carrying action potentials alternating with silent phases of repolarisation and are accompanied by oscillations in cytosolic Ca<superscript>2+</superscript>
, which drive pulses of insulin secretion.</para>
<para>
Experimentally, electrical activity in beta-cells is studied in two distinct preparations: islets of Langerhans, which are microorgans containing thousands of endocrine cells, and isolated cells. Pancreatic beta-cells exhibit bursting oscillations with a wide range of periods. Whereas periods in isolated cells are generally either a few seconds or a few minutes, in intact islets of Langerhans they are intermediate (10-60 seconds). In their 2000 publication, Richard Bertram, Joseph Previte, Arthur Sherman, Tracie A. Kinard and Leslie S. Satin develop a mathematical model for beta-cell electrical activity capable of generating this wide range of bursting oscillations. Unlike previously published models, bursting is driven by the interaction of two slow processes (I<subscript>s1</subscript>
and I<subscript>s2</subscript>
in <xref linkend="fig_cell_diagram"/>
below), one with a relatively small time constant (1-5 seconds) and the other with a much larger time constant (1-2 minutes). Bursting on the intermediate time scale is generated without the need for a slow process having an intermediate time constant, hence phantom bursting. This mathematical model has been translated into a CellML description which can be downloaded in various formats as described in <xref linkend="sec_download_this_model"/>
.</para>
<para>The complete original paper reference is cited below:</para>
<para>
The Phantom Burster Model for Pancreatic beta-Cells, Richard Bertram, Joseph Previte, Arthur Sherman, Tracie A. Kinard and Leslie S. Satin, 2000,
<emphasis>Biophysical Journal</emphasis>, 79, 2880-2892. <ulink url="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11106596&dopt=Abstract">PubMed ID: 11106596</ulink>
</para>
<informalfigure float="0" id="fig_cell_diagram">
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
<objectinfo>
<title>cell schematic for the model</title>
</objectinfo>
<imagedata fileref="bertram_2000.png"/>
</imageobject>
</mediaobject>
<caption>Schematic diagram of the pancreatic beta-cell plasma membrane showing the ionic currents captured by the phantom burster model.</caption>
</informalfigure>
</sect1>
</article>
</documentation>
<units name="minute">
<unit multiplier="60" units="second"/>
</units>
<units name="femtoA">
<unit prefix="femto" units="ampere"/>
</units>
<units name="femtoF">
<unit prefix="femto" units="farad"/>
</units>
<units name="millivolt">
<unit prefix="milli" units="volt"/>
</units>
<units name="picoS">
<unit prefix="pico" units="siemens"/>
</units>
<units name="millisecond">
<unit prefix="milli" units="second"/>
</units>
<component name="environment">
<variable name="time" public_interface="out" units="millisecond"/>
</component>
<component name="membrane">
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="millisecond"/>
<variable initial_value="4524" name="Cm" units="femtoF"/>
<variable initial_value="-43" name="V" public_interface="out" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="ICa" public_interface="in" units="femtoA"/>
<variable name="IK" public_interface="in" units="femtoA"/>
<variable name="Il" public_interface="in" units="femtoA"/>
<variable name="Is1" public_interface="in" units="femtoA"/>
<variable name="Is2" public_interface="in" units="femtoA"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>V</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>ICa</ci>
<ci>IK</ci>
<ci>Il</ci>
<ci>Is1</ci>
<ci>Is2</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>Cm</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="Ca_current">
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="millisecond"/>
<variable name="V" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<variable initial_value="-22" name="Vm" units="millivolt"/>
<variable initial_value="100" name="VCa" units="millivolt"/>
<variable initial_value="280" name="gCa" units="picoS"/>
<variable name="minf" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable initial_value="7.5" name="sm" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="ICa" public_interface="out" units="femtoA"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>minf</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>Vm</ci>
<ci>V</ci>
</apply>
<ci>sm</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>ICa</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>gCa</ci>
<ci>minf</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>VCa</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="rapid_K_current">
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="millisecond"/>
<variable name="IK" public_interface="out" units="femtoA"/>
<variable initial_value="-80" name="VK" public_interface="out" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="V" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<variable initial_value="1300" name="gK" units="picoS"/>
<variable initial_value="0.03" name="n" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable initial_value="1.1" name="lambda" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable initial_value="9.09" name="tnbar" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable initial_value="-9" name="Vn" units="millivolt"/>
<variable initial_value="10" name="sn" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="taun" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="ninf" units="dimensionless"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>IK</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>gK</ci>
<ci>n</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>VK</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>n</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>lambda</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>ninf</ci>
<ci>n</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>taun</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millisecond">1</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>ninf</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>Vn</ci>
<ci>V</ci>
</apply>
<ci>sn</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>taun</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>tnbar</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>Vn</ci>
</apply>
<ci>sn</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="slow_K_current">
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="millisecond"/>
<variable name="Is1" public_interface="out" units="femtoA"/>
<variable initial_value="3" name="gs1" units="picoS"/>
<variable initial_value="0.1" name="s1" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="V" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="VK" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="s1inf" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable initial_value="-40" name="Vs1" units="millivolt"/>
<variable initial_value="0.5" name="ss1" units="millivolt"/>
<variable initial_value="1000" name="taus1" units="dimensionless"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>Is1</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>gs1</ci>
<ci>s1</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>VK</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>s1inf</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>Vs1</ci>
<ci>V</ci>
</apply>
<ci>ss1</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>s1</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>s1inf</ci>
<ci>s1</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>taus1</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millisecond">1</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="very_slow_K_current">
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="millisecond"/>
<variable name="V" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="VK" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<variable initial_value="-42" name="Vs2" units="millivolt"/>
<variable initial_value="0.434" name="s2" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="s2inf" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable initial_value="0.4" name="ss2" units="millivolt"/>
<variable initial_value="32" name="gs2" units="picoS"/>
<variable initial_value="120000" name="taus2" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="Is2" public_interface="out" units="femtoA"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>Is2</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>gs2</ci>
<ci>s2</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>VK</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>s2inf</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>Vs2</ci>
<ci>V</ci>
</apply>
<ci>ss2</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>s2</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>s2inf</ci>
<ci>s2</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>taus2</ci>
<cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="millisecond">1</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="leak_current">
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="millisecond"/>
<variable name="Il" public_interface="out" units="femtoA"/>
<variable initial_value="25" name="gl" units="picoS"/>
<variable initial_value="-40" name="Vl" units="millivolt"/>
<variable name="V" public_interface="in" units="millivolt"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>Il</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>gl</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>Vl</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="environment" component_2="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="Ca_current" component_2="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_1="ICa" variable_2="ICa"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="rapid_K_current" component_2="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_1="IK" variable_2="IK"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="slow_K_current" component_2="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Is1" variable_2="Is1"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="very_slow_K_current" component_2="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Is2" variable_2="Is2"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="leak_current" component_2="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Il" variable_2="Il"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="environment" component_2="Ca_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="environment" component_2="rapid_K_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="environment" component_2="slow_K_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="rapid_K_current" component_2="slow_K_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="VK" variable_2="VK"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="environment" component_2="very_slow_K_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="rapid_K_current" component_2="very_slow_K_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="VK" variable_2="VK"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="environment" component_2="leak_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<rdf:RDF>
<rdf:Seq rdf:about="rdf:#10cb6c74-d091-4c4a-934b-d778319a7205">
<rdf:li rdf:resource="rdf:#dd61c4b2-b30a-4fdb-b1e3-a459f03f9720"/>
<rdf:li rdf:resource="rdf:#3311698a-64a9-4c17-bf09-d283363c94cc"/>
<rdf:li rdf:resource="rdf:#de3c3d0e-c2f2-43c8-92fb-014322951a1b"/>
<rdf:li rdf:resource="rdf:#7a675be1-22ba-4bc3-bf0d-5e7929af3885"/>
<rdf:li rdf:resource="rdf:#7f7852c9-fbc3-4aba-99d7-c45bb885a612"/>
</rdf:Seq>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#2f233643-d042-419a-9deb-cf9f3caf402e">
<vCard:Given>Joseph</vCard:Given>
<vCard:Family>Previte</vCard:Family>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#557b0161-366d-4c04-a1ea-7098cefd4828">
<vCard:Given>James</vCard:Given>
<vCard:Family>Lawson</vCard:Family>
<vCard:Other>Richard</vCard:Other>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#f4225862-d951-4cdf-bd9c-ca17d407fd11">
<dcterms:modified rdf:resource="rdf:#41b0cfc0-f5f9-41d4-aff4-90d30c1c2c8f"/>
<rdf:value>
Added more metadata.
</rdf:value>
<cmeta:modifier rdf:resource="rdf:#3ca11ded-a806-4f6e-872c-99fbf0f58600"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#a049c1f5-2c5a-4be0-96b8-d394a9fd496a">
<vCard:Given>Autumn</vCard:Given>
<vCard:Family>Cuellar</vCard:Family>
<vCard:Other>A</vCard:Other>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#de3c3d0e-c2f2-43c8-92fb-014322951a1b">
<rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#Person"/>
<vCard:N rdf:resource="rdf:#5b2b067b-1cbb-4e76-ad81-4c3a2af72ebf"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#b87a5c2c-f4ed-42ee-ac1a-a3c32faa4d6d">
<vCard:Given>James</vCard:Given>
<vCard:Family>Lawson</vCard:Family>
<vCard:Other>Richard</vCard:Other>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#41b0cfc0-f5f9-41d4-aff4-90d30c1c2c8f">
<dcterms:W3CDTF>2002-07-18</dcterms:W3CDTF>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#3311698a-64a9-4c17-bf09-d283363c94cc">
<rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#Person"/>
<vCard:N rdf:resource="rdf:#2f233643-d042-419a-9deb-cf9f3caf402e"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#537ed962-a674-4cf9-a64a-215046b2a8ca">
<rdf:rest rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#nil"/>
<rdf:first rdf:resource="rdf:#3a8531b7-1d36-4572-af25-9b5a111283ad"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#7f7852c9-fbc3-4aba-99d7-c45bb885a612">
<rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#Person"/>
<vCard:N rdf:resource="rdf:#9c50959c-5ea6-43e5-a0d6-d0752f5c79ea"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#890ef4c5-560c-4a44-be85-9c1a4a1f4a59">
<vCard:ORG rdf:resource="rdf:#35952d28-2ec7-4dfd-a0c5-c2f98650cc4c"/>
<vCard:EMAIL rdf:resource="rdf:#62c568a8-cb4c-4b49-a375-ffe0c1d8db58"/>
<vCard:N rdf:resource="rdf:#b87a5c2c-f4ed-42ee-ac1a-a3c32faa4d6d"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#bd449466-f5f3-4e6a-b360-7ad3f275634f">
<dcterms:W3CDTF>2009-05-15T16:10:00+12:00</dcterms:W3CDTF>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#eda135be-a804-4400-a0e2-a1f173f2440b">
<dcterms:modified rdf:resource="rdf:#bd449466-f5f3-4e6a-b360-7ad3f275634f"/>
<rdf:value>Fixed errors detected by ValidateCellML, including connection duplication and namespace mixing.</rdf:value>
<cmeta:modifier rdf:resource="rdf:#272f4426-48f3-4189-b069-ee72500e813d"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#PeAxnu1!T2\">
<ns7:simulation rdf:resource="rdf:#$rx2Kt"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#bertram_previte_sherman_kinard_satin_2000_version01">
<ns7:simulation rdf:resource="rdf:#f95e14d0-fc94-49d8-a61b-f27c1d9aabda"/>
<dc:title>
The Bertram et al 2000 phantom burster model for pancreatic beta-cells.
</dc:title>
<cmeta:bio_entity>pancreatic beta-cell</cmeta:bio_entity>
<cmeta:comment rdf:resource="rdf:#ec6738e2-de8a-4d0e-8385-e803c1a34a79"/>
<bqs:reference rdf:resource="rdf:#8297facc-27d3-427d-94fc-4570ce277a0e"/>
<bqs:reference rdf:parseType="Resource">
<dc:subject rdf:parseType="Resource">
<bqs:subject_type>keyword</bqs:subject_type>
<rdf:value>
<rdf:Bag>
<rdf:li>calcium dynamics</rdf:li>
<rdf:li>electrophysiology</rdf:li>
<rdf:li>beta cell</rdf:li>
<rdf:li>pancreas</rdf:li>
</rdf:Bag>
</rdf:value>
</dc:subject>
</bqs:reference>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#866a151e-844d-41d6-b865-4c9108c277c0">
<ns7:endingValue>1000</ns7:endingValue>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#32838f11-2e32-44cb-9ed3-1dd8e655492e">
<dcterms:W3CDTF>2000-12</dcterms:W3CDTF>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#82c6de5a-bdcb-49f0-8fe4-bf536af0bd8e">
<vCard:Given>Tracie</vCard:Given>
<vCard:Family>Kinard</vCard:Family>
<vCard:Other>A</vCard:Other>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="">
<dc:publisher>The University of Auckland, Bioengineering Institute</dc:publisher>
<cmeta:comment rdf:resource="rdf:#02f410bc-2f5e-4b35-bd14-c72502505ade"/>
<dcterms:created rdf:resource="rdf:#daf3676d-99a8-40d9-9bae-70a8ba718909"/>
<dc:creator rdf:resource="rdf:#890ef4c5-560c-4a44-be85-9c1a4a1f4a59"/>
<cmeta:modification rdf:resource="rdf:#eda135be-a804-4400-a0e2-a1f173f2440b"/>
<cmeta:modification rdf:resource="rdf:#73e9e190-ac5b-463c-be82-ffc62ca74630"/>
<cmeta:modification rdf:resource="rdf:#f4225862-d951-4cdf-bd9c-ca17d407fd11"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#8297facc-27d3-427d-94fc-4570ce277a0e">
<bqs:Pubmed_id>11106596</bqs:Pubmed_id>
<bqs:JournalArticle rdf:resource="rdf:#e5bf1ac1-e996-4b58-bf0c-0c80afc4d07a"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#$sx2Kt">
<rdf:rest rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#nil"/>
<rdf:first rdf:resource="rdf:#$tx2Kt"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#$r4dx31">
<ns7:boundIntervals rdf:resource="rdf:#$s4dx31"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#207a8f98-7b44-41b3-b0e2-a7c9525d1967">
<vCard:FN>James Lawson</vCard:FN>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#ec6738e2-de8a-4d0e-8385-e803c1a34a79">
<dc:creator rdf:resource="rdf:#02623e16-e5eb-4549-9712-5f6c0043eb75"/>
<rdf:value>This is the CellML description of Bertram et al's 2000 phantom burster model for pancreatic beta-cells.</rdf:value>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#$tx2Kt">
<ns7:endingValue>100</ns7:endingValue>
<ns7:nonstandard-pointDensity>10000</ns7:nonstandard-pointDensity>
<ns7:maximumStepSize>0.001</ns7:maximumStepSize>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#272f4426-48f3-4189-b069-ee72500e813d">
<vCard:N rdf:resource="rdf:#557b0161-366d-4c04-a1ea-7098cefd4828"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#79357532-a807-4680-8afa-78fdee11adbb">
<dcterms:W3CDTF>2003-04-09</dcterms:W3CDTF>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#5b2b067b-1cbb-4e76-ad81-4c3a2af72ebf">
<vCard:Given>Arthur</vCard:Given>
<vCard:Family>Sherman</vCard:Family>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#9e045141-9618-42b0-ad6c-de2bdc4c9de9">
<dc:title>Biophysical Journal</dc:title>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#35952d28-2ec7-4dfd-a0c5-c2f98650cc4c">
<vCard:Orgname>The University of Auckland</vCard:Orgname>
<vCard:Orgunit>The Bioengineering Institute</vCard:Orgunit>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#62c568a8-cb4c-4b49-a375-ffe0c1d8db58">
<rdf:type rdf:resource="http://imc.org/vCard/3.0#internet"/>
<rdf:value>j.lawson@auckland.ac.nz</rdf:value>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#fc9fcbc7-0263-4820-a21d-6cb0aab30ea1">
<vCard:Given>Richard</vCard:Given>
<vCard:Family>Bertram</vCard:Family>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#02623e16-e5eb-4549-9712-5f6c0043eb75">
<vCard:FN>Catherine Lloyd</vCard:FN>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#73e9e190-ac5b-463c-be82-ffc62ca74630">
<dcterms:modified rdf:resource="rdf:#79357532-a807-4680-8afa-78fdee11adbb"/>
<rdf:value>
Added publication date information.
</rdf:value>
<cmeta:modifier rdf:resource="rdf:#c5b60d22-7baf-4cf2-ad2b-686bea8501f1"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#$t4dx31">
<ns7:endingValue>5000</ns7:endingValue>
<ns7:nonstandard-pointDensity>100000</ns7:nonstandard-pointDensity>
<ns7:maximumStepSize>0.001</ns7:maximumStepSize>
<ns7:nonstandard-algorithm>bdf15</ns7:nonstandard-algorithm>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#3ca11ded-a806-4f6e-872c-99fbf0f58600">
<vCard:N rdf:resource="rdf:#e2fb2f91-4080-49f7-90fd-cc74abe5ca2d"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="#PeAxnu1!T2\">
<ns7:simulation rdf:resource="rdf:#$r4dx31"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#$s4dx31">
<rdf:rest rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#nil"/>
<rdf:first rdf:resource="rdf:#$t4dx31"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#7a675be1-22ba-4bc3-bf0d-5e7929af3885">
<rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#Person"/>
<vCard:N rdf:resource="rdf:#82c6de5a-bdcb-49f0-8fe4-bf536af0bd8e"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#daf3676d-99a8-40d9-9bae-70a8ba718909">
<dcterms:W3CDTF>2007-08-08T00:00:00+00:00</dcterms:W3CDTF>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#02f410bc-2f5e-4b35-bd14-c72502505ade">
<dc:creator rdf:resource="rdf:#207a8f98-7b44-41b3-b0e2-a7c9525d1967"/>
<rdf:value>This model has been rebuilt according to the author's original XPPAUT code, which can be found at http://www.math.fsu.edu/~bertram/software/islet/BJ_04a.ode . Unfortunately the model is still unable to produce the correct output. This file is known to run in PCEnv.</rdf:value>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#a83e4bca-65e9-41b4-97e7-677a3ca94ff7">
<ns7:boundIntervals rdf:resource="rdf:#a80fc084-91f0-459b-8f51-e76994c228c7"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#dd61c4b2-b30a-4fdb-b1e3-a459f03f9720">
<rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#Person"/>
<vCard:N rdf:resource="rdf:#fc9fcbc7-0263-4820-a21d-6cb0aab30ea1"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#e2fb2f91-4080-49f7-90fd-cc74abe5ca2d">
<vCard:Given>Catherine</vCard:Given>
<vCard:Family>Lloyd</vCard:Family>
<vCard:Other>May</vCard:Other>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#e5bf1ac1-e996-4b58-bf0c-0c80afc4d07a">
<dc:creator rdf:resource="rdf:#10cb6c74-d091-4c4a-934b-d778319a7205"/>
<dc:title>The Phantom Burster Model for Pancreatic Beta Cells</dc:title>
<bqs:volume>79</bqs:volume>
<bqs:first_page>2880</bqs:first_page>
<bqs:Journal rdf:resource="rdf:#9e045141-9618-42b0-ad6c-de2bdc4c9de9"/>
<dcterms:issued rdf:resource="rdf:#32838f11-2e32-44cb-9ed3-1dd8e655492e"/>
<bqs:last_page>2892</bqs:last_page>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#c5b60d22-7baf-4cf2-ad2b-686bea8501f1">
<vCard:N rdf:resource="rdf:#a049c1f5-2c5a-4be0-96b8-d394a9fd496a"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#9c50959c-5ea6-43e5-a0d6-d0752f5c79ea">
<vCard:Given>Leslie</vCard:Given>
<vCard:Family>Satin</vCard:Family>
<vCard:Other>S</vCard:Other>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#$rx2Kt">
<ns7:boundIntervals rdf:resource="rdf:#$sx2Kt"/>
</rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>
</model>
