<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<!--
This CellML file was generated on 11/01/2008 at 16:04:29 using:
COR (0.9.31.849)
Copyright 2002-2008 Dr Alan Garny
http://COR.physiol.ox.ac.uk/ - COR@physiol.ox.ac.uk
CellML 1.0 was used to generate this cellular model
http://www.CellML.org/
--><model xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" xmlns:cmeta="http://www.cellml.org/metadata/1.0#" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:bqs="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#" xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:vCard="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#" xmlns:ns7="http://www.cellml.org/metadata/simulation/1.0#" name="mahajan_2008" cmeta:id="mahajan_2008">
<documentation xmlns="http://cellml.org/tmp-documentation">
<article>
<section id="sec_status">
<title>Model Status</title>
<para>
This model is known to run in OpenCell and COR to reproduce the output shown in the publication. The units have been checked and they are consistent.
</para>
</section>
<sect1 id="sec_structure">
<title>Model Structure</title>
<para>
ABSTRACT: Mathematical modeling of the cardiac action potential has proven to be a powerful tool for illuminating various aspects of cardiac function, including cardiac arrhythmias. However, no currently available detailed action potential model accurately reproduces the dynamics of the cardiac action potential and intracellular calcium (Ca(i)) cycling at rapid heart rates relevant to ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation. The aim of this study was to develop such a model. Using an existing rabbit ventricular action potential model, we modified the L-type calcium (Ca) current (I(Ca,L)) and Ca(i) cycling formulations based on new experimental patch-clamp data obtained in isolated rabbit ventricular myocytes, using the perforated patch configuration at 35-37 degrees C. Incorporating a minimal seven-state Markovian model of I(Ca,L) that reproduced Ca- and voltage-dependent kinetics in combination with our previously published dynamic Ca(i) cycling model, the new model replicates experimentally observed action potential duration and Ca(i) transient alternans at rapid heart rates, and accurately reproduces experimental action potential duration restitution curves obtained by either dynamic or S1S2 pacing.
</para>
<informalfigure float="0" id="fig_reaction_diagram">
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
<objectinfo>
<title>model diagram</title>
</objectinfo>
<imagedata fileref="mahajan_2008.png"/>
</imageobject>
</mediaobject>
<caption>Schematic diagram of the Mahajan et al model, featuring whole-cell model showing basic elements of Ca cycling machinery and membrane ion currents, as well as a seven-state Markovian model of the L-type Ca channel.</caption>
</informalfigure>
<para>
The original publication reference is cited below:
</para>
<para>
A rabbit ventricular action potential model replicating cardiac dynamics at rapid heart rates, Mahajan A, Shiferaw Y, Sato D, Baher A, Olcese R, Xie LH, Yang MJ, Chen PS, Restrepo JG, Karma A, Garfinkel A, Qu Z, Weiss JN, 2008 <emphasis>Biophysical Journal</emphasis>, 94(2):392-410 <ulink url="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18160660?ordinalpos=2&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum">PubMed ID: 18160660</ulink>
</para>
</sect1>
</article>
</documentation>
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<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
<ci>FonRT</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<lt/>
<apply>
<abs/>
<ci>za</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.001</cn>
</apply>
</piece>
<otherwise>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">4</cn>
<ci>pca</ci>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
<ci>FonRT</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>csm</ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<ci>za</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.341</cn>
<ci>Ca_o</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<exp/>
<ci>za</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</otherwise>
</piecewise>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>poinf</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>vth</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>s6</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>alpha</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>poinf</ci>
<ci>taupo</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>beta</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>poinf</ci>
</apply>
<ci>taupo</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>fca</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>cat</ci>
<ci>Ca_dyad</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>s1</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_ms">0.0182688</cn>
<ci>fca</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>k1</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_ms">0.024168</cn>
<ci>fca</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>s2</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>s1</ci>
<ci>r1</ci>
</apply>
<ci>r2</ci>
</apply>
<ci>k2</ci>
</apply>
<ci>k1</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>s2t</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>s1t</ci>
<ci>r1</ci>
</apply>
<ci>r2</ci>
</apply>
<ci>k2t</ci>
</apply>
<ci>k1t</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>poi</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>vx</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>sx</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>k3</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>poi</ci>
</apply>
<ci>tau3</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>k3t</ci>
<ci>k3</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>Pr</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>vy</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>sy</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>recov</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="ms">10</cn>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="ms">4954</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="mV">15.6</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>tau_ca</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>tca</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>Ca_dyad</ci>
<ci>cpt</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">4</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="ms">0.1</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>tauca</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>recov</ci>
<ci>tau_ca</ci>
</apply>
<ci>Pr</ci>
</apply>
<ci>tau_ca</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>tauba</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>recov</ci>
<cn cellml:units="ms">450</cn>
</apply>
<ci>Pr</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="ms">450</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>Ps</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>vyr</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>syr</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>k6</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>fca</ci>
<ci>Ps</ci>
</apply>
<ci>tauca</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>k5</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>Ps</ci>
</apply>
<ci>tauca</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>k6t</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>Ps</ci>
<ci>tauba</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>k5t</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>Ps</ci>
</apply>
<ci>tauba</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>k4</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k3</ci>
<ci>alpha</ci>
</apply>
<ci>beta</ci>
</apply>
<ci>k1</ci>
</apply>
<ci>k2</ci>
</apply>
<ci>k5</ci>
</apply>
<ci>k6</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>k4t</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k3t</ci>
<ci>alpha</ci>
</apply>
<ci>beta</ci>
</apply>
<ci>k1t</ci>
</apply>
<ci>k2t</ci>
</apply>
<ci>k5t</ci>
</apply>
<ci>k6t</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>po</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>xi1ca</ci>
</apply>
<ci>xi2ca</ci>
</apply>
<ci>xi1ba</ci>
</apply>
<ci>xi2ba</ci>
</apply>
<ci>c1</ci>
</apply>
<ci>c2</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>c1</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>alpha</ci>
<ci>c2</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k2</ci>
<ci>xi1ca</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k2t</ci>
<ci>xi1ba</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>r2</ci>
<ci>po</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>beta</ci>
<ci>r1</ci>
<ci>k1t</ci>
<ci>k1</ci>
</apply>
<ci>c1</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>c2</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>beta</ci>
<ci>c1</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k5</ci>
<ci>xi2ca</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k5t</ci>
<ci>xi2ba</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>k6</ci>
<ci>k6t</ci>
<ci>alpha</ci>
</apply>
<ci>c2</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>xi1ca</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k1</ci>
<ci>c1</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k4</ci>
<ci>xi2ca</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>s1</ci>
<ci>po</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>k3</ci>
<ci>k2</ci>
<ci>s2</ci>
</apply>
<ci>xi1ca</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>xi1ba</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k1t</ci>
<ci>c1</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k4t</ci>
<ci>xi2ba</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>s1t</ci>
<ci>po</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>k3t</ci>
<ci>k2t</ci>
<ci>s2t</ci>
</apply>
<ci>xi1ba</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>xi2ca</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k3</ci>
<ci>xi1ca</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k6</ci>
<ci>c2</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>k5</ci>
<ci>k4</ci>
</apply>
<ci>xi2ca</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>xi2ba</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k3t</ci>
<ci>xi1ba</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k6t</ci>
<ci>c2</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>k5t</ci>
<ci>k4t</ci>
</apply>
<ci>xi2ba</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>jca</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>gca</ci>
<ci>po</ci>
<ci>rxa</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>xica</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
<ci>wca</ci>
<ci>jca</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="IK1">
<variable units="mV" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="mV" public_interface="in" name="ek"/>
<variable units="mM" public_interface="in" name="K_o"/>
<variable units="uS_per_nF" name="gkix" initial_value="0.3"/>
<variable units="per_ms" name="aki"/>
<variable units="per_ms" name="bki"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="xkin"/>
<variable units="nA_per_nF" public_interface="out" name="xik1"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>aki</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="per_ms">1.02</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_mV">0.2385</cn>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>ek</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="mV">59.215</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>bki</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_ms">0.49124</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_mV">0.08032</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>ek</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="mV">5.476</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_ms">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_mV">0.06175</cn>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>ek</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="mV">594.31</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="per_mV">0.5143</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>ek</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="mV">4.753</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>xkin</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>aki</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>aki</ci>
<ci>bki</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>xik1</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>gkix</ci>
<apply>
<root/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>K_o</ci>
<cn cellml:units="mM">5.4</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>xkin</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>ek</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="IKr">
<variable units="mV" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="mV" public_interface="in" name="ek"/>
<variable units="ms" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<variable units="mM" public_interface="in" name="K_o"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="xr" initial_value="0.007074239331"/>
<variable units="uS_per_nF" name="gkr" initial_value="0.0125"/>
<variable units="per_ms" name="xkrv1"/>
<variable units="per_ms" name="xkrv2"/>
<variable units="ms" name="taukr"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="xkrinf"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="rg"/>
<variable units="nA_per_nF" public_interface="out" name="xikr"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>xkrv1</ci>
<piecewise>
<piece>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_ms">0.00138</cn>
<cn cellml:units="per_mV">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="mV">7</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="per_mV">0.123</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="mV">7</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<gt/>
<apply>
<abs/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="mV">7</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="mV">0.001</cn>
</apply>
</piece>
<otherwise>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="per_ms">0.00138</cn>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.123</cn>
</apply>
</otherwise>
</piecewise>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>xkrv2</ci>
<piecewise>
<piece>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_ms">0.00061</cn>
<cn cellml:units="per_mV">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="mV">10</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_mV">0.145</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="mV">10</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<gt/>
<apply>
<abs/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="mV">10</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="mV">0.001</cn>
</apply>
</piece>
<otherwise>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="per_ms">0.00061</cn>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.145</cn>
</apply>
</otherwise>
</piecewise>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>taukr</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>xkrv1</ci>
<ci>xkrv2</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>xkrinf</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="mV">50</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="mV">7.5</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>rg</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="mV">33</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="mV">22.4</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>xikr</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>gkr</ci>
<apply>
<root/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>K_o</ci>
<cn cellml:units="mM">5.4</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>xr</ci>
<ci>rg</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>ek</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>xr</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>xkrinf</ci>
<ci>xr</ci>
</apply>
<ci>taukr</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="IKs">
<variable units="mV" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="uM" public_interface="in" name="Ca_i"/>
<variable units="ms" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<variable units="uS_per_nF" name="gks" initial_value="0.1386"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="xs1" initial_value="0.048267587131"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="xs2" initial_value="0.105468807033"/>
<variable units="mV" public_interface="in" name="eks"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="xs1ss"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="xs2ss"/>
<variable units="ms" name="tauxs1"/>
<variable units="ms" name="tauxs2"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="gksx"/>
<variable units="nA_per_nF" public_interface="out" name="xiks"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>xs1ss</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="mV">1.5</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="mV">16.7</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>xs2ss</ci>
<ci>xs1ss</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>tauxs1</ci>
<piecewise>
<piece>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="ms">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.0000719</cn>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.148</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.000131</cn>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.0687</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<lt/>
<apply>
<abs/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="mV">30</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="mV">0.001</cn>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.0687</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</piece>
<otherwise>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="ms">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_mV">0.0000719</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="mV">30</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="per_mV">0.148</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="mV">30</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_mV">0.000131</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="mV">30</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_mV">0.0687</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="mV">30</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</otherwise>
</piecewise>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>tauxs2</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">4</cn>
<ci>tauxs1</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>gksx</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.8</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="uM">0.5</cn>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>xiks</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>gks</ci>
<ci>gksx</ci>
<ci>xs1</ci>
<ci>xs2</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>eks</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>xs1</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>xs1ss</ci>
<ci>xs1</ci>
</apply>
<ci>tauxs1</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>xs2</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>xs2ss</ci>
<ci>xs2</ci>
</apply>
<ci>tauxs2</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="Ito">
<variable units="mV" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="mV" public_interface="in" name="ek"/>
<variable units="ms" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<variable units="nA_per_nF" public_interface="out" name="xito"/>
<variable units="nA_per_nF" name="xitos"/>
<variable units="nA_per_nF" name="xitof"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="xtos" initial_value="0.00364776906"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="ytos" initial_value="0.174403618112"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="xtof" initial_value="0.003643592594"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="ytof" initial_value="0.993331326442"/>
<variable units="uS_per_nF" name="gtos" initial_value="0.04"/>
<variable units="uS_per_nF" name="gtof" initial_value="0.11"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="rt1"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="rt2"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="rt3"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="rt4"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="rt5"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="xtos_inf"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="ytos_inf"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="xtof_inf"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="ytof_inf"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="rs_inf"/>
<variable units="ms" name="txs"/>
<variable units="ms" name="tys"/>
<variable units="ms" name="txf"/>
<variable units="ms" name="tyf"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>rt1</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="mV">3</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="mV">15</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>rt2</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="mV">33.5</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="mV">10</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>rt3</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="mV">60</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="mV">10</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>rt4</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="mV">30</cn>
</apply>
<ci>V</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="mV">30</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>rt5</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="mV">33.5</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="mV">10</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>xtos_inf</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<ci>rt1</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>ytos_inf</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<ci>rt2</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>xtof_inf</ci>
<ci>xtos_inf</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>ytof_inf</ci>
<ci>ytos_inf</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>rs_inf</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<ci>rt2</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>txs</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="ms">9</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>rt1</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="ms">0.5</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>tys</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="ms">3000</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<ci>rt3</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="ms">30</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>txf</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="ms">3.5</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<ci>rt4</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="ms">1.5</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>tyf</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="ms">20</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<ci>rt5</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="ms">20</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>xtos</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>xtos_inf</ci>
<ci>xtos</ci>
</apply>
<ci>txs</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>ytos</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>ytos_inf</ci>
<ci>ytos</ci>
</apply>
<ci>tys</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>xtof</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>xtof_inf</ci>
<ci>xtof</ci>
</apply>
<ci>txf</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>ytof</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>ytof_inf</ci>
<ci>ytof</ci>
</apply>
<ci>tyf</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>xitos</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>gtos</ci>
<ci>xtos</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>ytos</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.5</cn>
<ci>rs_inf</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>ek</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>xitof</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>gtof</ci>
<ci>xtof</ci>
<ci>ytof</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>ek</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>xito</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>xitos</ci>
<ci>xitof</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="INaK">
<variable units="mV" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="mM" public_interface="in" name="Na_i"/>
<variable units="mM" public_interface="in" name="Na_o"/>
<variable units="mM" public_interface="in" name="K_o"/>
<variable units="per_mV" public_interface="in" name="FonRT"/>
<variable units="nA_per_nF" public_interface="out" name="xiNaK"/>
<variable units="nA_per_nF" name="gNaK" initial_value="1.5"/>
<variable units="mM" name="xkmko" initial_value="1.5"/>
<variable units="mM" name="xkmnai" initial_value="12"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="sigma"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="fNaK"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>sigma</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>Na_o</ci>
<cn cellml:units="mM">67.3</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">7</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>fNaK</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.1245</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.1</cn>
</apply>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>FonRT</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.0365</cn>
<ci>sigma</ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
</apply>
<ci>FonRT</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>xiNaK</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>gNaK</ci>
<ci>fNaK</ci>
<ci>Na_i</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Na_i</ci>
<ci>xkmnai</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>K_o</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>K_o</ci>
<ci>xkmko</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="INaCa">
<variable units="mV" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="per_mV" public_interface="in" name="FonRT"/>
<variable units="uM" public_interface="in" name="Ca_submem"/>
<variable units="mM" public_interface="in" name="Ca_o"/>
<variable units="mM" public_interface="in" name="Na_i"/>
<variable units="mM" public_interface="in" name="Na_o"/>
<variable units="mM" public_interface="in" name="csm"/>
<variable units="mV_per_uM" public_interface="in" name="wca"/>
<variable units="uM_per_ms" name="gNaCa" initial_value="0.84"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="aloss"/>
<variable units="mM4" name="yz1"/>
<variable units="mM4" name="yz2"/>
<variable units="mM4" name="yz3"/>
<variable units="mM4" name="yz4"/>
<variable units="mM4" name="zw3"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="zw4"/>
<variable units="mM4" name="zw8"/>
<variable units="uM_per_ms" public_interface="out" name="jNaCa"/>
<variable units="nA_per_nF" public_interface="out" name="xiNaCa"/>
<variable units="uM" name="xkdna" initial_value="0.3"/>
<variable units="mM" name="xmcao" initial_value="1.3"/>
<variable units="mM" name="xmnao" initial_value="87.5"/>
<variable units="mM" name="xmnai" initial_value="12.3"/>
<variable units="mM" name="xmcai" initial_value="0.0036"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>zw3</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>Na_i</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
</apply>
<ci>Ca_o</ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.35</cn>
<ci>FonRT</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>Na_o</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
</apply>
<ci>csm</ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>V</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.35</cn>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
<ci>FonRT</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>zw4</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.2</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>V</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.35</cn>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
<ci>FonRT</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>aloss</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>xkdna</ci>
<ci>Ca_submem</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>yz1</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>xmcao</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>Na_i</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>xmnao</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
</apply>
<ci>csm</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>yz2</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>xmnai</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
</apply>
<ci>Ca_o</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>csm</ci>
<ci>xmcai</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>yz3</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>xmcai</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>Na_o</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>Na_i</ci>
<ci>xmnai</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>yz4</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>Na_i</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
</apply>
<ci>Ca_o</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>Na_o</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
</apply>
<ci>csm</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>zw8</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>yz1</ci>
<ci>yz2</ci>
<ci>yz3</ci>
<ci>yz4</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>jNaCa</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>gNaCa</ci>
<ci>aloss</ci>
<ci>zw3</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>zw4</ci>
<ci>zw8</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>xiNaCa</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>wca</ci>
<ci>jNaCa</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="Irel">
<variable units="mV" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="ms" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<variable units="uM" public_interface="in" name="Ca_NSR"/>
<variable units="uM_per_ms" public_interface="in" name="dCa_JSR"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="in" name="po"/>
<variable units="mA_per_cm2" public_interface="in" name="rxa"/>
<variable units="uM" name="cstar" initial_value="90"/>
<variable units="uM" name="Ca_JSR" initial_value="97.505463697266"/>
<variable units="per_ms" name="gryr" initial_value="2.58079"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="gbarsr" initial_value="26841.8"/>
<variable units="mmole_per_coulomb_cm" name="gdyad" initial_value="9000"/>
<variable units="per_mV" name="ax" initial_value="0.3576"/>
<variable units="per_mV" name="ay" initial_value="0.05"/>
<variable units="per_ms" name="av" initial_value="11.3"/>
<variable units="uM_per_ms" name="bv"/>
<variable units="uM_per_ms" name="Qr0"/>
<variable units="uM_per_ms" name="Qr"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="sparkV"/>
<variable units="per_ms" name="spark_rate"/>
<variable units="ms" name="taua" initial_value="100"/>
<variable units="ms" name="taur" initial_value="30"/>
<variable units="uM_per_ms" name="xirp"/>
<variable units="uM_per_ms" name="xicap"/>
<variable units="uM_per_ms" public_interface="out" name="xiryr"/>
<variable units="uM_per_ms" public_interface="out" name="xir" initial_value="0.006679257264"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Ca_JSR</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>Ca_NSR</ci>
<ci>Ca_JSR</ci>
</apply>
<ci>taua</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>bv</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="per_ms">1</cn>
<ci>av</ci>
</apply>
<ci>cstar</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="uM_per_ms">50</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>Qr0</ci>
<piecewise>
<piece>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>Ca_JSR</ci>
<cn cellml:units="uM">50</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="ms">1</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<and/>
<apply>
<gt/>
<ci>Ca_JSR</ci>
<cn cellml:units="uM">50</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<lt/>
<ci>Ca_JSR</ci>
<ci>cstar</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</piece>
<piece>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>av</ci>
<ci>Ca_JSR</ci>
</apply>
<ci>bv</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<geq/>
<ci>Ca_JSR</ci>
<ci>cstar</ci>
</apply>
</piece>
<otherwise>
<cn cellml:units="uM_per_ms">0</cn>
</otherwise>
</piecewise>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>Qr</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Ca_NSR</ci>
<ci>Qr0</ci>
</apply>
<ci>cstar</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>sparkV</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>ay</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="mV">30</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>ay</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="mV">30</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>spark_rate</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>gryr</ci>
<cn cellml:units="mA_per_cm2">1</cn>
</apply>
<ci>po</ci>
<apply>
<abs/>
<ci>rxa</ci>
</apply>
<ci>sparkV</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>xir</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>spark_rate</ci>
<ci>Qr</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>xir</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>taur</ci>
<ci>dCa_JSR</ci>
</apply>
<ci>Ca_NSR</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>taur</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>xirp</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>po</ci>
<ci>Qr</ci>
<apply>
<abs/>
<ci>rxa</ci>
</apply>
<ci>gbarsr</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="mA_per_cm2">1</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>ax</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="mV">30</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>ax</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="mV">30</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>xicap</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>po</ci>
<ci>gdyad</ci>
<apply>
<abs/>
<ci>rxa</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>xiryr</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>xirp</ci>
<ci>xicap</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="Ileak_Iup_Ixfer">
<variable units="uM" public_interface="in" name="Ca_i"/>
<variable units="uM" public_interface="in" name="Ca_NSR"/>
<variable units="uM_per_ms" public_interface="out" name="jup"/>
<variable units="uM_per_ms" public_interface="out" name="jleak"/>
<variable units="uM" name="cup" initial_value="0.5"/>
<variable units="uM" name="kj" initial_value="50"/>
<variable units="uM_per_ms" name="vup" initial_value="0.4"/>
<variable units="per_ms" name="gleak" initial_value="0.00002069"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>jup</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>vup</ci>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>cup</ci>
<ci>cup</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>jleak</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>gleak</ci>
<ci>Ca_NSR</ci>
<ci>Ca_NSR</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Ca_NSR</ci>
<ci>Ca_NSR</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>kj</ci>
<ci>kj</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Ca_NSR</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">16.667</cn>
</apply>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="Na">
<variable units="ms" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<variable units="mV_per_uM" public_interface="in" name="wca"/>
<variable units="mM" public_interface="out" name="Na_i" initial_value="11.441712311614"/>
<variable units="nA_per_nF" public_interface="in" name="xina"/>
<variable units="nA_per_nF" public_interface="in" name="xiNaK"/>
<variable units="nA_per_nF" public_interface="in" name="xiNaCa"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Na_i</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>xina</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
<ci>xiNaK</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
<ci>xiNaCa</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>wca</ci>
<cn cellml:units="u_per_m">1000</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="Ca">
<variable units="ms" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<variable units="uM_per_ms" public_interface="in" name="xiryr"/>
<variable units="uM" public_interface="out" name="Ca_dyad" initial_value="1.716573130685"/>
<variable units="uM" public_interface="out" name="Ca_submem" initial_value="0.226941113355"/>
<variable units="uM" public_interface="out" name="Ca_i" initial_value="0.256752008084"/>
<variable units="uM" public_interface="out" name="Ca_NSR" initial_value="104.450004990523"/>
<variable units="mM" public_interface="out" name="csm"/>
<variable units="uM" name="bcal" initial_value="24"/>
<variable units="uM" name="xkcal" initial_value="7"/>
<variable units="uM" name="srmax" initial_value="47"/>
<variable units="uM" name="srkd" initial_value="0.6"/>
<variable units="uM" name="bmem" initial_value="15"/>
<variable units="uM" name="kmem" initial_value="0.3"/>
<variable units="uM" name="bsar" initial_value="42"/>
<variable units="uM" name="ksar" initial_value="13"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="bpxs"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="spxs"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="mempxs"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="sarpxs"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="dcsib"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="bpxi"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="spxi"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="mempxi"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="sarpxi"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="dciib"/>
<variable units="per_uM_per_ms" name="xkon" initial_value="0.0327"/>
<variable units="per_ms" name="xkoff" initial_value="0.0196"/>
<variable units="uM" name="btrop" initial_value="70"/>
<variable units="uM_per_ms" name="xbi"/>
<variable units="uM_per_ms" name="xbs"/>
<variable units="uM" name="tropi" initial_value="22.171689894953"/>
<variable units="uM" name="trops" initial_value="19.864701949854"/>
<variable units="ms" name="taud" initial_value="4"/>
<variable units="ms" name="taups" initial_value="0.5"/>
<variable units="uM_per_ms" name="jd"/>
<variable units="uM_per_ms" public_interface="in" name="jup"/>
<variable units="uM_per_ms" public_interface="in" name="jleak"/>
<variable units="uM_per_ms" public_interface="in" name="jNaCa"/>
<variable units="uM_per_ms" public_interface="in" name="xir"/>
<variable units="uM_per_ms" public_interface="in" name="jca"/>
<variable units="uM_per_ms" public_interface="out" name="dCa_JSR"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>bpxs</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>bcal</ci>
<ci>xkcal</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>xkcal</ci>
<ci>Ca_submem</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>xkcal</ci>
<ci>Ca_submem</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>spxs</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>srmax</ci>
<ci>srkd</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>srkd</ci>
<ci>Ca_submem</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>srkd</ci>
<ci>Ca_submem</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>mempxs</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>bmem</ci>
<ci>kmem</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>kmem</ci>
<ci>Ca_submem</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>kmem</ci>
<ci>Ca_submem</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>sarpxs</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>bsar</ci>
<ci>ksar</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>ksar</ci>
<ci>Ca_submem</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>ksar</ci>
<ci>Ca_submem</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>dcsib</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>bpxs</ci>
<ci>spxs</ci>
<ci>mempxs</ci>
<ci>sarpxs</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>bpxi</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>bcal</ci>
<ci>xkcal</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>xkcal</ci>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>xkcal</ci>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>spxi</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>srmax</ci>
<ci>srkd</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>srkd</ci>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>srkd</ci>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>mempxi</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>bmem</ci>
<ci>kmem</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>kmem</ci>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>kmem</ci>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>sarpxi</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>bsar</ci>
<ci>ksar</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>ksar</ci>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>ksar</ci>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>dciib</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>bpxi</ci>
<ci>spxi</ci>
<ci>mempxi</ci>
<ci>sarpxi</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>jd</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>Ca_submem</ci>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
</apply>
<ci>taud</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>xbi</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>xkon</ci>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>btrop</ci>
<ci>tropi</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>xkoff</ci>
<ci>tropi</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>xbs</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>xkon</ci>
<ci>Ca_submem</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>btrop</ci>
<ci>trops</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>xkoff</ci>
<ci>trops</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>dCa_JSR</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>xir</ci>
</apply>
<ci>jup</ci>
</apply>
<ci>jleak</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Ca_dyad</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>xiryr</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>Ca_dyad</ci>
<ci>Ca_submem</ci>
</apply>
<ci>taups</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Ca_submem</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>dcsib</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">50</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>xir</ci>
<ci>jd</ci>
</apply>
<ci>jca</ci>
</apply>
<ci>jNaCa</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>xbs</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>dciib</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>jd</ci>
<ci>jup</ci>
</apply>
<ci>jleak</ci>
</apply>
<ci>xbi</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Ca_NSR</ci>
</apply>
<ci>dCa_JSR</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>tropi</ci>
</apply>
<ci>xbi</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>trops</ci>
</apply>
<ci>xbs</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>csm</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>Ca_submem</ci>
<cn cellml:units="u_per_m">1000</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="reversal_potentials">
<variable units="mV" public_interface="out" name="ek"/>
<variable units="mV" public_interface="out" name="eks"/>
<variable units="mV" public_interface="out" name="ena"/>
<variable units="mM" name="K_i" initial_value="140"/>
<variable units="mM" public_interface="in" name="K_o"/>
<variable units="mM" public_interface="in" name="Na_i"/>
<variable units="mM" public_interface="in" name="Na_o"/>
<variable units="per_mV" public_interface="in" name="FonRT"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="prNaK" initial_value="0.01833"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>ek</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>FonRT</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<ln/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>K_o</ci>
<ci>K_i</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>eks</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>FonRT</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<ln/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>K_o</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>prNaK</ci>
<ci>Na_o</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>K_i</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>prNaK</ci>
<ci>Na_i</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>ena</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>FonRT</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<ln/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>Na_o</ci>
<ci>Na_i</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="Environment" component_1="cell"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="Environment" component_1="reversal_potentials"/>
<map_variables variable_2="K_o" variable_1="K_o"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Na_o" variable_1="Na_o"/>
<map_variables variable_2="FonRT" variable_1="FonRT"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="Environment" component_1="INa"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
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