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<!--
This CellML file was generated on 15/01/2008 at 11:28:40 using:
COR (0.9.31.857)
Copyright 2002-2008 Dr Alan Garny
http://COR.physiol.ox.ac.uk/ - COR@physiol.ox.ac.uk
CellML 1.0 was used to generate this cellular model
http://www.CellML.org/
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<article>
<articleinfo>
<title>Canine Ventricular Cell Model, 1999</title>
<author>
<firstname>Catherine</firstname>
<surname>Lloyd</surname>
<affiliation>
<shortaffil>Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland</shortaffil>
</affiliation>
</author>
</articleinfo>
<section id="sec_status">
<title>Model Status</title>
<para>
This model has been curated and unit-checked by Penny Noble and is known to run in PCEnv and COR to replicate the published results.
</para>
</section>
<sect1 id="sec_structure">
<title>Model Structure</title>
<para>
In 1999 Raimond Winslow, Jeremy Rice, Saleet Jafri, Eduardo Marban and Brian O'Rourke published a computational model of the action potential and of intracellular Ca<superscript>2+</superscript> handling in normal and failing canine ventricular myocytes. Using the experimental data of O'Rourke <emphasis>et al</emphasis> (1999) they modified Jafri <emphasis>et al's</emphasis> guinea pig ventricular cell model (1999) to make it appropriate for canine midmyocardial cells (see the figure below). The CellML description here is of the normal canine ventricular myocyte model. In failing myocytes i_to1 and i_K1 are down regulated on average by 66 percent and 32 percent respectively. The kinetic properties of i_to1 and the gating behaviour if i_K1 remain unaltered. Only the number of expressed channels is reduced (the control may be pre- or post-transcriptional but it is not post-translational). On the basis of these data, the effects of terminal heart failure are modelled by reducing the peak conductance of i_to1 and i_K1. Downregulation of the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca<superscript>2+</superscript> pump is modelled by simultaneous scaling of both the forward and reverse maximum pump rates V<subscript>maxf</subscript> and V<subscript>maxr</subscript> by a scale factor K<subscript>SR</subscript>. Upregulation of the Na-Ca exchanger is modelled by increasing a scale factor K<subscript>NaCa</subscript>.
</para>
<para>
The complete original paper reference is cited below:
</para>
<para>
<ulink url="http://circres.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/84/5/571">Mechanisms of Altered Excitation-Contraction Coupling in Canine Tachycardia-Induced Heart Failure, II Model Studies</ulink>, Raimond L. Winslow, Jeremy Rice, Saleet Jafri, Eduardo Marban and Brian O'Rourke, 1999, <ulink url="http://circres.ahajournals.org/">
<emphasis>Circulation Research</emphasis>
</ulink>, 84, 571-586. <ulink url="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10082479&dopt=Abstract">PubMed ID: 10082479</ulink>
</para>
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<title>cell diagram of the Winslow et al ventricular cell model showing ionic currents, pumps and exchangers within the sarcolemma and the sarcoplasmic reticulum</title>
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<caption>A schematic diagram describing the current flows across the cell membrane that are captured in the Winslow <emphasis>et al</emphasis> canine ventricular cell model.</caption>
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</sect1>
</article>
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<variable units="dimensionless" name="R_V"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="time"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="V"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ko"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ki"/>
<variable units="joule_per_mole_kelvin" public_interface="in" name="R"/>
<variable units="kelvin" public_interface="in" name="T"/>
<variable units="coulomb_per_millimole" public_interface="in" name="F"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="X_kr"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>E_K</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<ln/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>Ko</ci>
<ci>Ki</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>f_Ko</ci>
<apply>
<root/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>Ko</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millimolar">4</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>R_V</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1.4945</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.0446</cn>
<ci>V</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_Kr</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_Kr</ci>
<ci>f_Ko</ci>
<ci>R_V</ci>
<ci>X_kr</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_K</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="rapid_activating_delayed_rectifiyer_K_current_X_kr_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="X_kr" initial_value="0.51"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="K12"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="K21"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="X_kr_inf"/>
<variable units="second" name="tau_X_kr"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="tau_factor" initial_value="1"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>K12</ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">5.495</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.1691</cn>
<ci>V</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>K21</ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">7.677</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.0128</cn>
<ci>V</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>X_kr_inf</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>K12</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>K12</ci>
<ci>K21</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>tau_X_kr</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="second">0.001</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>K12</ci>
<ci>K21</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>tau_factor</ci>
<cn cellml:units="second">0.027</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>X_kr</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>X_kr_inf</ci>
<ci>X_kr</ci>
</apply>
<ci>tau_X_kr</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="slow_activating_delayed_rectifiyer_K_current">
<variable units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="out" name="i_Ks"/>
<variable units="milliS_per_microF" name="g_Ks" initial_value="0.0027134"/>
<variable units="millivolt" name="E_Ks"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="time"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="V"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ko"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ki"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Nao"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Nai"/>
<variable units="joule_per_mole_kelvin" public_interface="in" name="R"/>
<variable units="kelvin" public_interface="in" name="T"/>
<variable units="coulomb_per_millimole" public_interface="in" name="F"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="X_ks"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>E_Ks</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<ln/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Ko</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.01833</cn>
<ci>Nao</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Ki</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.01833</cn>
<ci>Nai</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_Ks</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_Ks</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>X_ks</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_Ks</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="slow_activating_delayed_rectifiyer_K_current_X_ks_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="X_ks" initial_value="0.264"/>
<variable units="second" name="tau_X_ks"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="X_ks_infinity"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>X_ks_infinity</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">24.7</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">13.6</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>tau_X_ks</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="second">0.001</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.0000719</cn>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">10</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.148</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">10</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.000131</cn>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">10</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.0687</cn>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">10</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>X_ks</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>X_ks_infinity</ci>
<ci>X_ks</ci>
</apply>
<ci>tau_X_ks</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="transient_outward_potassium_current">
<variable units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="out" name="i_to1"/>
<variable units="milliS_per_microF" name="g_to1" initial_value="0.23815"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="time"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="V"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="E_K"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="X_to1"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="Y_to1"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_to1</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_to1</ci>
<ci>X_to1</ci>
<ci>Y_to1</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_K</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="transient_outward_potassium_current_X_to1_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="X_to1" initial_value="2.63"/>
<variable units="per_second" name="alpha_X_to1"/>
<variable units="per_second" name="beta_X_to1"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>alpha_X_to1</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_second">45.16</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.03577</cn>
<ci>V</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>beta_X_to1</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_second">98.9</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.06237</cn>
</apply>
<ci>V</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>X_to1</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>alpha_X_to1</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>X_to1</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>beta_X_to1</ci>
<ci>X_to1</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="transient_outward_potassium_current_Y_to1_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="Y_to1" initial_value="0.99"/>
<variable units="per_second" name="alpha_Y_to1"/>
<variable units="per_second" name="beta_Y_to1"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>alpha_Y_to1</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_second">5.415</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">33.5</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">5</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.051335</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">33.5</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">5</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>beta_Y_to1</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_second">5.415</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">33.5</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">5</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.051335</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">33.5</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">5</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Y_to1</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>alpha_Y_to1</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>Y_to1</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>beta_Y_to1</ci>
<ci>Y_to1</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="time_independent_potassium_current">
<variable units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="out" name="i_K1"/>
<variable units="milliS_per_microF" name="g_K1" initial_value="2.8"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_mK1" initial_value="13"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="time"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="V"/>
<variable units="joule_per_mole_kelvin" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="R"/>
<variable units="kelvin" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="T"/>
<variable units="coulomb_per_millimole" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="F"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="E_K"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ko"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="K1_infinity_V"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_K1</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_K1</ci>
<ci>K1_infinity_V</ci>
<ci>Ko</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Ko</ci>
<ci>K_mK1</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_K</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="time_independent_potassium_current_K1_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="K1_infinity_V"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="E_K"/>
<variable units="joule_per_mole_kelvin" public_interface="in" name="R"/>
<variable units="kelvin" public_interface="in" name="T"/>
<variable units="coulomb_per_millimole" public_interface="in" name="F"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>K1_infinity_V</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1.5</cn>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_K</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="plateau_potassium_current">
<variable units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="out" name="i_Kp"/>
<variable units="milliS_per_microF" name="g_Kp" initial_value="0.002216"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="time"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="V"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="E_K"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="Kp_V"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_Kp</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_Kp</ci>
<ci>Kp_V</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_K</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="plateau_potassium_current_Kp_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="Kp_V"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>Kp_V</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">7.488</cn>
<ci>V</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">5.98</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="Na_Ca_exchanger">
<variable units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="out" name="i_NaCa"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_mCa" initial_value="1.38"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_mNa" initial_value="87.5"/>
<variable units="microA_per_microF" name="K_NaCa" initial_value="0.3"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="K_sat" initial_value="0.2"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="eta" initial_value="0.35"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="joule_per_mole_kelvin" public_interface="in" name="R"/>
<variable units="kelvin" public_interface="in" name="T"/>
<variable units="coulomb_per_millimole" public_interface="in" name="F"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Nai"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Nao"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Cai"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Cao"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_NaCa</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>K_NaCa</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">5000</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>K_mNa</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>Nao</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>K_mCa</ci>
<ci>Cao</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>K_sat</ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>eta</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>eta</ci>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>Nai</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
</apply>
<ci>Cao</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>eta</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>Nao</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
</apply>
<ci>Cai</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="sodium_potassium_pump">
<variable units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="out" name="i_NaK"/>
<variable units="microA_per_microF" name="I_NaK" initial_value="0.693"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="f_NaK"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_mNai" initial_value="10"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_mKo" initial_value="1.5"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="sigma"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="joule_per_mole_kelvin" public_interface="in" name="R"/>
<variable units="kelvin" public_interface="in" name="T"/>
<variable units="coulomb_per_millimole" public_interface="in" name="F"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Nai"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Nao"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ko"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>f_NaK</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.1245</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.1</cn>
</apply>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.0365</cn>
<ci>sigma</ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
</apply>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>sigma</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">7</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>Nao</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millimolar">67.3</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_NaK</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>I_NaK</ci>
<ci>f_NaK</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>K_mNai</ci>
<ci>Nai</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1.5</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>Ko</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Ko</ci>
<ci>K_mKo</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="sarcolemmal_calcium_pump">
<variable units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="out" name="i_p_Ca"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_mpCa" initial_value="0.00005"/>
<variable units="microA_per_microF" name="I_pCa" initial_value="0.05"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Cai"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_p_Ca</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>I_pCa</ci>
<ci>Cai</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>K_mpCa</ci>
<ci>Cai</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="calcium_background_current">
<variable units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="out" name="i_Ca_b"/>
<variable units="milliS_per_microF" name="g_Cab" initial_value="0.0003842"/>
<variable units="millivolt" name="E_Ca"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="joule_per_mole_kelvin" public_interface="in" name="R"/>
<variable units="kelvin" public_interface="in" name="T"/>
<variable units="coulomb_per_millimole" public_interface="in" name="F"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Cai"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Cao"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>E_Ca</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<ln/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>Cao</ci>
<ci>Cai</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_Ca_b</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_Cab</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_Ca</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="sodium_background_current">
<variable units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="out" name="i_Na_b"/>
<variable units="milliS_per_microF" name="g_Nab" initial_value="0.0031"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="E_Na"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_Na_b</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_Nab</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_Na</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="L_type_Ca_current">
<variable units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="out" name="i_Ca"/>
<variable units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="out" name="i_Ca_K"/>
<variable units="cm_per_second" name="P_Ca" initial_value="3.125e-4"/>
<variable units="cm_per_second" name="P_K" initial_value="5.79e-7"/>
<variable units="cm_per_second" name="p_prime_k"/>
<variable units="microA_per_microF" name="i_Ca_half" initial_value="-0.265"/>
<variable units="microA_per_microF" name="i_Ca_max"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="O" initial_value="9.84546e-21"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="O_Ca" initial_value="0"/>
<variable units="per_second" name="alpha"/>
<variable units="per_second" name="beta"/>
<variable units="per_second" name="gamma"/>
<variable units="per_second" name="alpha_a"/>
<variable units="per_second" name="beta_b"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="a" initial_value="2"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="b" initial_value="2"/>
<variable units="per_second" name="g" initial_value="2000"/>
<variable units="per_second" name="f" initial_value="300"/>
<variable units="per_second" name="gprime" initial_value="7000"/>
<variable units="per_second" name="fprime" initial_value="7"/>
<variable units="per_second" name="omega" initial_value="10"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="C0" initial_value="0.997208"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="C1" initial_value="6.38897e-5"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="C2" initial_value="1.535e-9"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="C3" initial_value="1.63909e-14"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="C4" initial_value="6.56337e-20"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="C_Ca0" initial_value="0.00272826"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="C_Ca1" initial_value="6.99215e-7"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="C_Ca2" initial_value="6.71989e-11"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="C_Ca3" initial_value="2.87031e-15"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="C_Ca4" initial_value="4.59752e-20"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="time"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="V"/>
<variable units="microF_per_cm2" public_interface="in" name="C_sc"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_ss"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Cao"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ko"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ki"/>
<variable units="joule_per_mole_kelvin" public_interface="in" name="R"/>
<variable units="kelvin" public_interface="in" name="T"/>
<variable units="coulomb_per_millimole" public_interface="in" name="F"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="y"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_Ca</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>i_Ca_max</ci>
<ci>y</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>O</ci>
<ci>O_Ca</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_Ca_K</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>p_prime_k</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="microF_per_cm2">1</cn>
<cn cellml:units="s_ms">1</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>y</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>O</ci>
<ci>O_Ca</ci>
</apply>
<ci>V</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>F</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Ki</ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>Ko</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>p_prime_k</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>P_K</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>i_Ca_max</ci>
<ci>i_Ca_half</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_Ca_max</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>P_Ca</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="microF_per_cm2">1</cn>
<cn cellml:units="s_ms">1</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">4</cn>
<ci>V</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>F</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1000</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="millimolar">0.001</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.341</cn>
<ci>Cao</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>alpha</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_second">400</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">2</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">10</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>beta</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_second">50</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">13</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>alpha_a</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>alpha</ci>
<ci>a</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>beta_b</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>beta</ci>
<ci>b</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>gamma</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_second">103.75</cn>
<ci>Ca_ss</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millimolar">1</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>C0</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>beta</ci>
<ci>C1</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>omega</ci>
<ci>C_Ca0</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">4</cn>
<ci>alpha</ci>
</apply>
<ci>gamma</ci>
</apply>
<ci>C0</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>C1</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">4</cn>
<ci>alpha</ci>
<ci>C0</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
<ci>beta</ci>
<ci>C2</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>omega</ci>
<ci>b</ci>
</apply>
<ci>C_Ca1</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>beta</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
<ci>alpha</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>gamma</ci>
<ci>a</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>C1</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>C2</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
<ci>alpha</ci>
<ci>C1</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
<ci>beta</ci>
<ci>C3</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>omega</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>b</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>C_Ca2</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>beta</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
<ci>alpha</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>gamma</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>a</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>C2</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>C3</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
<ci>alpha</ci>
<ci>C2</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">4</cn>
<ci>beta</ci>
<ci>C4</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>omega</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>b</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>C_Ca3</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>beta</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
</apply>
<ci>alpha</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>gamma</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>a</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>C3</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>C4</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>alpha</ci>
<ci>C3</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g</ci>
<ci>O</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>omega</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>b</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">4</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>C_Ca4</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>beta</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">4</cn>
</apply>
<ci>f</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>gamma</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>a</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">4</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>C4</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>O</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>f</ci>
<ci>C4</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g</ci>
<ci>O</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>C_Ca0</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>beta_b</ci>
<ci>C_Ca1</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>gamma</ci>
<ci>C0</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">4</cn>
<ci>alpha_a</ci>
</apply>
<ci>omega</ci>
</apply>
<ci>C_Ca0</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>C_Ca1</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">4</cn>
<ci>alpha_a</ci>
<ci>C_Ca0</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
<ci>beta_b</ci>
<ci>C_Ca2</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>gamma</ci>
<ci>a</ci>
<ci>C1</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>beta_b</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
<ci>alpha_a</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>omega</ci>
<ci>b</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>C_Ca1</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>C_Ca2</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
<ci>alpha_a</ci>
<ci>C_Ca1</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
<ci>beta_b</ci>
<ci>C_Ca3</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>gamma</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>a</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
<ci>C2</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>beta_b</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
<ci>alpha_a</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>omega</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>b</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>C_Ca2</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>C_Ca3</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
<ci>alpha_a</ci>
<ci>C_Ca2</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">4</cn>
<ci>beta_b</ci>
<ci>C_Ca4</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>gamma</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>a</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
</apply>
<ci>C3</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>beta_b</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
</apply>
<ci>alpha_a</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>omega</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>b</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>C_Ca3</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>C_Ca4</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>alpha_a</ci>
<ci>C_Ca3</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>gprime</ci>
<ci>O_Ca</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>gamma</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>a</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">4</cn>
</apply>
<ci>C4</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>beta_b</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">4</cn>
</apply>
<ci>fprime</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>omega</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>b</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">4</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>C_Ca4</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>O_Ca</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>fprime</ci>
<ci>C_Ca4</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>gprime</ci>
<ci>O_Ca</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="L_type_Ca_current_y_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="y" initial_value="0.798"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="y_infinity"/>
<variable units="second" name="tau_y"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>y_infinity</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.8</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">12.5</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">5</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>tau_y</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="second">20</cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="second">600</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">20</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">9.5</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1000</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>y</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>y_infinity</ci>
<ci>y</ci>
</apply>
<ci>tau_y</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="RyR_channel">
<variable units="millimolar_per_second" public_interface="out" name="J_rel"/>
<variable units="per_second" name="v1" initial_value="1800"/>
<variable units="millimolar4_per_second" name="k_a_plus" initial_value="1.215e13"/>
<variable units="per_second" name="k_a_minus" initial_value="576"/>
<variable units="millimolar3_per_second" name="k_b_plus" initial_value="4.05e9"/>
<variable units="per_second" name="k_b_minus" initial_value="1930"/>
<variable units="per_second" name="k_c_plus" initial_value="100"/>
<variable units="per_second" name="k_c_minus" initial_value="0.8"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="P_O1" initial_value="0"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="P_O2" initial_value="0"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="P_C1" initial_value="0.47"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="P_C2" initial_value="0.53"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="n" initial_value="4"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="m" initial_value="3"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_ss"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_JSR"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>P_C1</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>k_a_plus</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>Ca_ss</ci>
<ci>n</ci>
</apply>
<ci>P_C1</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k_a_minus</ci>
<ci>P_O1</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>P_O1</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k_a_plus</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>Ca_ss</ci>
<ci>n</ci>
</apply>
<ci>P_C1</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k_a_minus</ci>
<ci>P_O1</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k_b_plus</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>Ca_ss</ci>
<ci>m</ci>
</apply>
<ci>P_O1</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k_c_plus</ci>
<ci>P_O1</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k_b_minus</ci>
<ci>P_O2</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k_c_minus</ci>
<ci>P_C2</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>P_O2</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k_b_plus</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>Ca_ss</ci>
<ci>m</ci>
</apply>
<ci>P_O1</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k_b_minus</ci>
<ci>P_O2</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>P_C2</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k_c_plus</ci>
<ci>P_O1</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k_c_minus</ci>
<ci>P_C2</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>J_rel</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>v1</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>P_O1</ci>
<ci>P_O2</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>Ca_JSR</ci>
<ci>Ca_ss</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="SERCA2a_pump">
<variable units="millimolar_per_second" public_interface="out" name="J_up"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_fb" initial_value="0.000168"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_rb" initial_value="3.29"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="fb"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="rb"/>
<variable units="millimolar_per_second" name="Vmaxf" initial_value="0.0813"/>
<variable units="millimolar_per_second" name="Vmaxr" initial_value="0.318"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="K_SR" initial_value="1"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="N_fb" initial_value="1.2"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="N_rb" initial_value="1"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Cai"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_NSR"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>fb</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>Cai</ci>
<ci>K_fb</ci>
</apply>
<ci>N_fb</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>rb</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>Ca_NSR</ci>
<ci>K_rb</ci>
</apply>
<ci>N_rb</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>J_up</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>K_SR</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Vmaxf</ci>
<ci>fb</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Vmaxr</ci>
<ci>rb</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>fb</ci>
<ci>rb</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="intracellular_Ca_fluxes">
<variable units="millimolar_per_second" public_interface="out" name="J_tr"/>
<variable units="millimolar_per_second" public_interface="out" name="J_xfer"/>
<variable units="millimolar_per_second" public_interface="out" name="J_trpn"/>
<variable units="second" name="tau_tr" initial_value="0.0005747"/>
<variable units="second" name="tau_xfer" initial_value="0.0267"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="HTRPNCa" initial_value="0.98"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="LTRPNCa" initial_value="0.078"/>
<variable units="millimolar_per_second" name="J_HTRPNCa"/>
<variable units="millimolar_per_second" name="J_LTRPNCa"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="HTRPN_tot" initial_value="0.14"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="LTRPN_tot" initial_value="0.07"/>
<variable units="per_millimolar_second" name="k_htrpn_plus" initial_value="20000"/>
<variable units="per_second" name="k_htrpn_minus" initial_value="0.066"/>
<variable units="per_millimolar_second" name="k_ltrpn_plus" initial_value="40000"/>
<variable units="per_second" name="k_ltrpn_minus" initial_value="40"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_ss"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Cai"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_NSR"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_JSR"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>J_tr</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>Ca_NSR</ci>
<ci>Ca_JSR</ci>
</apply>
<ci>tau_tr</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>J_xfer</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>Ca_ss</ci>
<ci>Cai</ci>
</apply>
<ci>tau_xfer</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>J_trpn</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>HTRPN_tot</ci>
<ci>J_HTRPNCa</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>LTRPN_tot</ci>
<ci>J_LTRPNCa</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>J_HTRPNCa</ci>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>HTRPNCa</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>HTRPNCa</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k_htrpn_plus</ci>
<ci>Cai</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="millimolar">1</cn>
<ci>HTRPNCa</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k_htrpn_minus</ci>
<ci>HTRPNCa</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>J_LTRPNCa</ci>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>LTRPNCa</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>LTRPNCa</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k_ltrpn_plus</ci>
<ci>Cai</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="millimolar">1</cn>
<ci>LTRPNCa</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k_ltrpn_minus</ci>
<ci>LTRPNCa</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="intracellular_ion_concentrations">
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="Nai" initial_value="10"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="Cai" initial_value="0.00008"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="Ki" initial_value="157.8"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="Ca_ss" initial_value="0.00011"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="Ca_JSR" initial_value="0.257"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="Ca_NSR" initial_value="0.257"/>
<variable units="cm2" name="A_cap" initial_value="0.0001534"/>
<variable units="micro_litre" name="V_myo" initial_value="0.00002584"/>
<variable units="micro_litre" name="V_JSR" initial_value="0.00000016"/>
<variable units="micro_litre" name="V_NSR" initial_value="0.0000021"/>
<variable units="micro_litre" name="V_SS" initial_value="0.0000000012"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_mCMDN" initial_value="0.00238"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_mEGTA" initial_value="0.00015"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_mCSQN" initial_value="0.8"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="CMDN_tot" initial_value="0.05"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="EGTA_tot" initial_value="0"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="CSQN_tot" initial_value="15"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="beta_i"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="beta_SS"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="beta_JSR"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<variable units="coulomb_per_millimole" public_interface="in" name="F"/>
<variable units="microF_per_cm2" public_interface="in" name="C_sc"/>
<variable units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="in" name="i_Na"/>
<variable units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="in" name="i_Ca"/>
<variable units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="in" name="i_Na_b"/>
<variable units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="in" name="i_NaCa"/>
<variable units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="in" name="i_NaK"/>
<variable units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="in" name="i_Ca_K"/>
<variable units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="in" name="i_Kr"/>
<variable units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="in" name="i_Ks"/>
<variable units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="in" name="i_K1"/>
<variable units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="in" name="i_Kp"/>
<variable units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="in" name="i_to1"/>
<variable units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="in" name="i_p_Ca"/>
<variable units="microA_per_microF" public_interface="in" name="i_Ca_b"/>
<variable units="millimolar_per_second" public_interface="in" name="J_up"/>
<variable units="millimolar_per_second" public_interface="in" name="J_rel"/>
<variable units="millimolar_per_second" public_interface="in" name="J_xfer"/>
<variable units="millimolar_per_second" public_interface="in" name="J_trpn"/>
<variable units="millimolar_per_second" public_interface="in" name="J_tr"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Cai</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>beta_i</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>J_xfer</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>J_up</ci>
<ci>J_trpn</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
<ci>i_NaCa</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>i_p_Ca</ci>
<ci>i_Ca_b</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>A_cap</ci>
<cn cellml:units="microF_per_cm2">1</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
<ci>V_myo</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Nai</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>i_Na</ci>
<ci>i_Na_b</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>i_NaCa</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>i_NaK</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>A_cap</ci>
<cn cellml:units="microF_per_cm2">1</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>V_myo</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Ki</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>i_Ca_K</ci>
<ci>i_Kr</ci>
<ci>i_Ks</ci>
<ci>i_K1</ci>
<ci>i_Kp</ci>
<ci>i_to1</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>i_NaK</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>A_cap</ci>
<cn cellml:units="microF_per_cm2">1</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>V_myo</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>beta_i</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>CMDN_tot</ci>
<ci>K_mCMDN</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>K_mCMDN</ci>
<ci>Cai</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>EGTA_tot</ci>
<ci>K_mEGTA</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>K_mEGTA</ci>
<ci>Cai</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>beta_SS</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>CMDN_tot</ci>
<ci>K_mCMDN</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>K_mCMDN</ci>
<ci>Ca_ss</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>EGTA_tot</ci>
<ci>K_mEGTA</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>K_mEGTA</ci>
<ci>Ca_ss</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>beta_JSR</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>CSQN_tot</ci>
<ci>K_mCSQN</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>K_mCSQN</ci>
<ci>Ca_JSR</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Ca_ss</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>beta_SS</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>J_rel</ci>
<ci>V_JSR</ci>
</apply>
<ci>V_SS</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>J_xfer</ci>
<ci>V_myo</ci>
</apply>
<ci>V_SS</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>i_Ca</ci>
<ci>A_cap</ci>
<cn cellml:units="microF_per_cm2">1</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
<ci>V_SS</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Ca_JSR</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>beta_JSR</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>J_tr</ci>
<ci>J_rel</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Ca_NSR</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>J_up</ci>
<ci>V_myo</ci>
</apply>
<ci>V_NSR</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>J_tr</ci>
<ci>V_JSR</ci>
</apply>
<ci>V_NSR</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="standard_ionic_concentrations">
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="Nao" initial_value="138"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="Cao" initial_value="2"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="Ko" initial_value="4"/>
</component>
<group>
<relationship_ref relationship="containment"/>
<component_ref component="membrane">
<component_ref component="fast_sodium_current">
<component_ref component="fast_sodium_current_m_gate"/>
<component_ref component="fast_sodium_current_h_gate"/>
<component_ref component="fast_sodium_current_j_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="rapid_activating_delayed_rectifiyer_K_current">
<component_ref component="rapid_activating_delayed_rectifiyer_K_current_X_kr_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="slow_activating_delayed_rectifiyer_K_current">
<component_ref component="slow_activating_delayed_rectifiyer_K_current_X_ks_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="transient_outward_potassium_current">
<component_ref component="transient_outward_potassium_current_X_to1_gate"/>
<component_ref component="transient_outward_potassium_current_Y_to1_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="time_independent_potassium_current">
<component_ref component="time_independent_potassium_current_K1_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="plateau_potassium_current">
<component_ref component="plateau_potassium_current_Kp_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="Na_Ca_exchanger"/>
<component_ref component="sodium_potassium_pump"/>
<component_ref component="sarcolemmal_calcium_pump"/>
<component_ref component="calcium_background_current"/>
<component_ref component="sodium_background_current"/>
<component_ref component="L_type_Ca_current">
<component_ref component="L_type_Ca_current_y_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="RyR_channel"/>
<component_ref component="SERCA2a_pump"/>
<component_ref component="intracellular_Ca_fluxes"/>
<component_ref component="intracellular_ion_concentrations"/>
<component_ref component="standard_ionic_concentrations"/>
</component_ref>
</group>
<group>
<relationship_ref relationship="encapsulation"/>
<component_ref component="fast_sodium_current">
<component_ref component="fast_sodium_current_m_gate"/>
<component_ref component="fast_sodium_current_h_gate"/>
<component_ref component="fast_sodium_current_j_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="rapid_activating_delayed_rectifiyer_K_current">
<component_ref component="rapid_activating_delayed_rectifiyer_K_current_X_kr_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="slow_activating_delayed_rectifiyer_K_current">
<component_ref component="slow_activating_delayed_rectifiyer_K_current_X_ks_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="transient_outward_potassium_current">
<component_ref component="transient_outward_potassium_current_X_to1_gate"/>
<component_ref component="transient_outward_potassium_current_Y_to1_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="time_independent_potassium_current">
<component_ref component="time_independent_potassium_current_K1_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="plateau_potassium_current">
<component_ref component="plateau_potassium_current_Kp_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="L_type_Ca_current">
<component_ref component="L_type_Ca_current_y_gate"/>
</component_ref>
</group>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="fast_sodium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="rapid_activating_delayed_rectifiyer_K_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="slow_activating_delayed_rectifiyer_K_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="transient_outward_potassium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="time_independent_potassium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="plateau_potassium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="Na_Ca_exchanger"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="sodium_potassium_pump"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="sarcolemmal_calcium_pump"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="calcium_background_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="sodium_background_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="L_type_Ca_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="RyR_channel"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="SERCA2a_pump"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="intracellular_Ca_fluxes"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="intracellular_ion_concentrations"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="fast_sodium_current" component_1="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
<map_variables variable_2="R" variable_1="R"/>
<map_variables variable_2="T" variable_1="T"/>
<map_variables variable_2="F" variable_1="F"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_Na" variable_1="i_Na"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="rapid_activating_delayed_rectifiyer_K_current" component_1="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_Kr" variable_1="i_Kr"/>
<map_variables variable_2="R" variable_1="R"/>
<map_variables variable_2="T" variable_1="T"/>
<map_variables variable_2="F" variable_1="F"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="slow_activating_delayed_rectifiyer_K_current" component_1="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_Ks" variable_1="i_Ks"/>
<map_variables variable_2="R" variable_1="R"/>
<map_variables variable_2="T" variable_1="T"/>
<map_variables variable_2="F" variable_1="F"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="transient_outward_potassium_current" component_1="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_to1" variable_1="i_to1"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="time_independent_potassium_current" component_1="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_K1" variable_1="i_K1"/>
<map_variables variable_2="R" variable_1="R"/>
<map_variables variable_2="T" variable_1="T"/>
<map_variables variable_2="F" variable_1="F"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="plateau_potassium_current" component_1="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_Kp" variable_1="i_Kp"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="Na_Ca_exchanger" component_1="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_NaCa" variable_1="i_NaCa"/>
<map_variables variable_2="R" variable_1="R"/>
<map_variables variable_2="T" variable_1="T"/>
<map_variables variable_2="F" variable_1="F"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="sodium_potassium_pump" component_1="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_NaK" variable_1="i_NaK"/>
<map_variables variable_2="R" variable_1="R"/>
<map_variables variable_2="T" variable_1="T"/>
<map_variables variable_2="F" variable_1="F"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="sarcolemmal_calcium_pump" component_1="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_p_Ca" variable_1="i_p_Ca"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="calcium_background_current" component_1="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_Ca_b" variable_1="i_Ca_b"/>
<map_variables variable_2="R" variable_1="R"/>
<map_variables variable_2="T" variable_1="T"/>
<map_variables variable_2="F" variable_1="F"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="sodium_background_current" component_1="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_Na_b" variable_1="i_Na_b"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="L_type_Ca_current" component_1="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_Ca" variable_1="i_Ca"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_Ca_K" variable_1="i_Ca_K"/>
<map_variables variable_2="R" variable_1="R"/>
<map_variables variable_2="T" variable_1="T"/>
<map_variables variable_2="F" variable_1="F"/>
<map_variables variable_2="C_sc" variable_1="C_sc"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_2="F" variable_1="F"/>
<map_variables variable_2="C_sc" variable_1="C_sc"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="fast_sodium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_Na" variable_1="i_Na"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Nai" variable_1="Nai"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="sodium_background_current" component_1="fast_sodium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="E_Na" variable_1="E_Na"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="standard_ionic_concentrations" component_1="fast_sodium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Nao" variable_1="Nao"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="rapid_activating_delayed_rectifiyer_K_current" component_1="intracellular_ion_concentrations"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_Kr" variable_1="i_Kr"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Ki" variable_1="Ki"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="rapid_activating_delayed_rectifiyer_K_current" component_1="standard_ionic_concentrations"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Ko" variable_1="Ko"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="rapid_activating_delayed_rectifiyer_K_current" component_1="transient_outward_potassium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="E_K" variable_1="E_K"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="rapid_activating_delayed_rectifiyer_K_current" component_1="time_independent_potassium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="E_K" variable_1="E_K"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="rapid_activating_delayed_rectifiyer_K_current" component_1="plateau_potassium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="E_K" variable_1="E_K"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="slow_activating_delayed_rectifiyer_K_current" component_1="intracellular_ion_concentrations"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_Ks" variable_1="i_Ks"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Ki" variable_1="Ki"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Nai" variable_1="Nai"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="slow_activating_delayed_rectifiyer_K_current" component_1="standard_ionic_concentrations"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Ko" variable_1="Ko"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Nao" variable_1="Nao"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="transient_outward_potassium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_to1" variable_1="i_to1"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="time_independent_potassium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_K1" variable_1="i_K1"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="standard_ionic_concentrations" component_1="time_independent_potassium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Ko" variable_1="Ko"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="plateau_potassium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_Kp" variable_1="i_Kp"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="Na_Ca_exchanger"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Cai" variable_1="Cai"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Nai" variable_1="Nai"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_NaCa" variable_1="i_NaCa"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="standard_ionic_concentrations" component_1="Na_Ca_exchanger"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Cao" variable_1="Cao"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Nao" variable_1="Nao"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="sodium_potassium_pump"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Nai" variable_1="Nai"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_NaK" variable_1="i_NaK"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="standard_ionic_concentrations" component_1="sodium_potassium_pump"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Nao" variable_1="Nao"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Ko" variable_1="Ko"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="sarcolemmal_calcium_pump"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_p_Ca" variable_1="i_p_Ca"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Cai" variable_1="Cai"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="calcium_background_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Cai" variable_1="Cai"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_Ca_b" variable_1="i_Ca_b"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="standard_ionic_concentrations" component_1="calcium_background_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Cao" variable_1="Cao"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="sodium_background_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_Na_b" variable_1="i_Na_b"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="L_type_Ca_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_Ca_K" variable_1="i_Ca_K"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_Ca" variable_1="i_Ca"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Ki" variable_1="Ki"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Ca_ss" variable_1="Ca_ss"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="standard_ionic_concentrations" component_1="L_type_Ca_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Ko" variable_1="Ko"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Cao" variable_1="Cao"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="RyR_channel"/>
<map_variables variable_2="J_rel" variable_1="J_rel"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Ca_ss" variable_1="Ca_ss"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Ca_JSR" variable_1="Ca_JSR"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="SERCA2a_pump"/>
<map_variables variable_2="J_up" variable_1="J_up"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Cai" variable_1="Cai"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Ca_NSR" variable_1="Ca_NSR"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="intracellular_Ca_fluxes"/>
<map_variables variable_2="J_tr" variable_1="J_tr"/>
<map_variables variable_2="J_xfer" variable_1="J_xfer"/>
<map_variables variable_2="J_trpn" variable_1="J_trpn"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Cai" variable_1="Cai"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Ca_NSR" variable_1="Ca_NSR"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Ca_ss" variable_1="Ca_ss"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Ca_JSR" variable_1="Ca_JSR"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="fast_sodium_current_m_gate" component_1="fast_sodium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="m" variable_1="m"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="fast_sodium_current_h_gate" component_1="fast_sodium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="h" variable_1="h"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="fast_sodium_current_j_gate" component_1="fast_sodium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="j" variable_1="j"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="rapid_activating_delayed_rectifiyer_K_current_X_kr_gate" component_1="rapid_activating_delayed_rectifiyer_K_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="X_kr" variable_1="X_kr"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="slow_activating_delayed_rectifiyer_K_current_X_ks_gate" component_1="slow_activating_delayed_rectifiyer_K_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="X_ks" variable_1="X_ks"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="transient_outward_potassium_current_X_to1_gate" component_1="transient_outward_potassium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="X_to1" variable_1="X_to1"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="transient_outward_potassium_current_Y_to1_gate" component_1="transient_outward_potassium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Y_to1" variable_1="Y_to1"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="time_independent_potassium_current_K1_gate" component_1="time_independent_potassium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
<map_variables variable_2="R" variable_1="R"/>
<map_variables variable_2="T" variable_1="T"/>
<map_variables variable_2="F" variable_1="F"/>
<map_variables variable_2="E_K" variable_1="E_K"/>
<map_variables variable_2="K1_infinity_V" variable_1="K1_infinity_V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="plateau_potassium_current_Kp_gate" component_1="plateau_potassium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Kp_V" variable_1="Kp_V"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
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<connection>
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