<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!--
This CellML file was generated on 21/08/2009 at 9:19:39 at a.m. using:
COR (0.9.31.1309)
Copyright 2002-2009 Dr Alan Garny
http://cor.physiol.ox.ac.uk/ - cor@physiol.ox.ac.uk
CellML 1.0 was used to generate this model
http://www.cellml.org/
--><model xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" xmlns:cmeta="http://www.cellml.org/metadata/1.0#" cmeta:id="bagci_2006" name="bagci_2006">
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<article>
<section id="sec_status">
<title>Model Status</title>
<para>This CellML model is able to run in PCEnv and COR to reproduce published results in the original paper. The units in this model have also been checked and curated.</para>
</section>
<sect1 id="sec_structure">
<title>Model Structure</title>
<para>ABSTRACT: We propose a mathematical model for mitochondria-dependent apoptosis, in which kinetic cooperativity in formation of the apoptosome is a key element ensuring bistability. We examine the role of Bax and Bcl-2 synthesis and degradation rates, as well as the number of mitochondrial permeability transition pores (MPTPs), on the cell response to apoptotic stimuli. Our analysis suggests that cooperative apoptosome formation is a mechanism for inducing bistability, much more robust than that induced by other mechanisms, such as inhibition of caspase-3 by the inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP). Simulations predict a pathological state in which cells will exhibit a monostable cell survival if Bax degradation rate is above a threshold value, or if Bax expression rate is below a threshold value. Otherwise, cell death or survival occur depending on initial caspase-3 levels. We show that high expression rates of Bcl-2 can counteract the effects of Bax. Our simulations also demonstrate a monostable (pathological) apoptotic response if the number of MPTPs exceeds a threshold value. This study supports our contention, based on mathematical modeling, that cooperativity in apoptosome formation is critically important for determining the healthy responses to apoptotic stimuli, and helps define the roles of Bax, Bcl-2, and MPTP vis-a-vis apoptosome formation.
</para>
<para>The original paper is cited below:</para>
<para>
Bistability in Apoptosis: Roles of Bax, Bcl-2 and Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pores. E.Z. Bagci, Y. Vodovotz, T.R. Billiar et al, 2006, Biophysical Journal, 90, 1546-1559.
<ulink url="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=16339882&query_hl=1&itool=pubmed_docsum">PubMed ID: 16339882</ulink>
</para>
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<title>Diagram of model</title>
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<caption>A schematic diagram of intrinsic apoptotic signalling pathway described by this mathematical model.</caption>
</informalfigure>
</sect1>
</article>
</documentation>
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<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Casp3Bcl_2</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>J_9</ci>
<ci>J_f9</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="Casp3Bid">
<variable initial_value="0" name="Casp3Bid" public_interface="out" units="micromolar"/>
<variable name="Casp3" public_interface="in" units="micromolar"/>
<variable name="Bid" public_interface="in" units="micromolar"/>
<variable name="J_8" public_interface="out" units="flux"/>
<variable name="J_f8" public_interface="out" units="flux"/>
<variable name="k_18" public_interface="in" units="second_order_rate_constant"/>
<variable name="k_08" public_interface="in" units="first_order_rate_constant"/>
<variable name="k_f8" public_interface="in" units="first_order_rate_constant"/>
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="second"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>J_8</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k_18</ci>
<ci>Casp3</ci>
<ci>Bid</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k_08</ci>
<ci>Casp3Bid</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>J_f8</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k_f8</ci>
<ci>Casp3Bid</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Casp3Bid</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>J_8</ci>
<ci>J_f8</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="Bid">
<variable cmeta:id="Bid_Bid" initial_value="0.004" name="Bid" public_interface="out" units="micromolar"/>
<variable name="J_0" public_interface="in" units="flux"/>
<variable name="J_8" public_interface="in" units="flux"/>
<variable name="J_Bid" units="flux"/>
<variable name="P_Bid" public_interface="in" units="flux"/>
<variable name="u" public_interface="in" units="first_order_rate_constant"/>
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="second"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>J_Bid</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>P_Bid</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>u</ci>
<ci>Bid</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Bid</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>J_0</ci>
</apply>
<ci>J_8</ci>
</apply>
<ci>J_Bid</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="Casp3">
<variable cmeta:id="Casp3_Casp3" initial_value="0" name="Casp3" public_interface="out" units="micromolar"/>
<variable name="IAP" public_interface="in" units="micromolar"/>
<variable initial_value="0" name="Casp3IAP" public_interface="out" units="micromolar"/>
<variable name="J_f6" public_interface="in" units="flux"/>
<variable name="J_f6b" public_interface="in" units="flux"/>
<variable name="J_7" public_interface="out" units="flux"/>
<variable name="J_8" public_interface="in" units="flux"/>
<variable name="J_f8" public_interface="in" units="flux"/>
<variable name="J_9" public_interface="in" units="flux"/>
<variable name="J_f9" public_interface="in" units="flux"/>
<variable name="J_Casp3" units="flux"/>
<variable name="u" public_interface="in" units="first_order_rate_constant"/>
<variable name="k_17" public_interface="in" units="second_order_rate_constant"/>
<variable name="k_07" public_interface="in" units="first_order_rate_constant"/>
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="second"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>J_Casp3</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>u</ci>
</apply>
<ci>Casp3</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>J_7</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k_17</ci>
<ci>Casp3</ci>
<ci>IAP</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k_07</ci>
<ci>Casp3IAP</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Casp3IAP</ci>
</apply>
<ci>J_7</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Casp3</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>J_f6</ci>
<ci>J_f6b</ci>
</apply>
<ci>J_7</ci>
</apply>
<ci>J_8</ci>
</apply>
<ci>J_f8</ci>
</apply>
<ci>J_9</ci>
</apply>
<ci>J_f9</ci>
<ci>J_Casp3</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="Apop">
<variable initial_value="0" name="Apop" public_interface="out" units="micromolar"/>
<variable name="J_1b" public_interface="in" units="flux"/>
<variable name="J_2" public_interface="in" units="flux"/>
<variable name="J_4b" public_interface="in" units="flux"/>
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="second"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Apop</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>J_1b</ci>
<ci>J_2</ci>
</apply>
<ci>J_4b</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="Pro9">
<variable cmeta:id="Pro9_Pro9" initial_value="0.004" name="Pro9" public_interface="out" units="micromolar"/>
<variable initial_value="0" name="ApopPro9" public_interface="out" units="micromolar"/>
<variable name="ApopPro9_2" public_interface="in" units="micromolar"/>
<variable name="Apop" public_interface="in" units="micromolar"/>
<variable name="J_2" public_interface="out" units="flux"/>
<variable name="J_3" public_interface="out" units="flux"/>
<variable name="J_Pro9" units="flux"/>
<variable name="k_12" public_interface="in" units="second_order_rate_constant"/>
<variable name="k_02" public_interface="in" units="first_order_rate_constant"/>
<variable name="k_13" public_interface="in" units="second_order_rate_constant"/>
<variable name="k_03" public_interface="in" units="first_order_rate_constant"/>
<variable name="u" public_interface="in" units="first_order_rate_constant"/>
<variable name="P_Pro9" public_interface="in" units="flux"/>
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="second"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>J_Pro9</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>P_Pro9</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>u</ci>
<ci>Pro9</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>J_2</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k_12</ci>
<ci>Apop</ci>
<ci>Pro9</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k_02</ci>
<ci>ApopPro9</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>J_3</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k_13</ci>
<ci>ApopPro9</ci>
<ci>Pro9</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k_03</ci>
<ci>ApopPro9_2</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Pro9</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>J_2</ci>
</apply>
<ci>J_3</ci>
</apply>
<ci>J_Pro9</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>ApopPro9</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>J_2</ci>
<ci>J_3</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="ApopPro9_2">
<variable initial_value="0" name="ApopPro9_2" public_interface="out" units="micromolar"/>
<variable name="J_3" public_interface="in" units="flux"/>
<variable name="J_f3" public_interface="out" units="flux"/>
<variable name="k_f3" public_interface="in" units="first_order_rate_constant"/>
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="second"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>J_f3</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k_f3</ci>
<ci>ApopPro9_2</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>ApopPro9_2</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>J_3</ci>
<ci>J_f3</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="ApopCasp9_2Pro3">
<variable initial_value="0" name="ApopCasp9_2Pro3" public_interface="out" units="micromolar"/>
<variable name="ApopCasp9_2" public_interface="in" units="micromolar"/>
<variable name="Pro3" public_interface="in" units="micromolar"/>
<variable name="J_6b" public_interface="out" units="flux"/>
<variable name="J_f6b" public_interface="out" units="flux"/>
<variable name="k_16b" public_interface="in" units="second_order_rate_constant"/>
<variable name="k_06b" public_interface="in" units="first_order_rate_constant"/>
<variable name="k_f6b" public_interface="in" units="first_order_rate_constant"/>
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="second"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>J_6b</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k_16b</ci>
<ci>ApopCasp9_2</ci>
<ci>Pro3</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k_06b</ci>
<ci>ApopCasp9_2Pro3</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>J_f6b</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k_f6b</ci>
<ci>ApopCasp9_2Pro3</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>ApopCasp9_2Pro3</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>J_6b</ci>
<ci>J_f6b</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="Casp9Pro3">
<variable initial_value="0" name="Casp9Pro3" public_interface="out" units="micromolar"/>
<variable name="J_6" public_interface="in" units="flux"/>
<variable name="J_f6" public_interface="out" units="flux"/>
<variable name="k_f6" public_interface="in" units="first_order_rate_constant"/>
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="second"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>J_f6</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k_f6</ci>
<ci>Casp9Pro3</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Casp9Pro3</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>J_6</ci>
<ci>J_f6</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="Pro3">
<variable cmeta:id="Pro3_Pro3" initial_value="0.004" name="Pro3" public_interface="out" units="micromolar"/>
<variable name="Casp9" public_interface="in" units="micromolar"/>
<variable name="Casp9Pro3" public_interface="in" units="micromolar"/>
<variable name="J_6" public_interface="out" units="flux"/>
<variable name="J_6b" public_interface="in" units="flux"/>
<variable name="J_Pro3" units="flux"/>
<variable name="k_16" public_interface="in" units="second_order_rate_constant"/>
<variable name="k_06" public_interface="in" units="first_order_rate_constant"/>
<variable name="P_Pro3" public_interface="in" units="flux"/>
<variable name="u" public_interface="in" units="first_order_rate_constant"/>
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="second"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>J_6</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k_16</ci>
<ci>Casp9</ci>
<ci>Pro3</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k_06</ci>
<ci>Casp9Pro3</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>J_Pro3</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>P_Pro3</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>u</ci>
<ci>Pro3</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Pro3</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>J_6</ci>
</apply>
<ci>J_6b</ci>
</apply>
<ci>J_Pro3</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="IAP">
<variable cmeta:id="IAP_IAP" initial_value="0.004" name="IAP" public_interface="out" units="micromolar"/>
<variable initial_value="0" name="Casp9IAP" public_interface="out" units="micromolar"/>
<variable initial_value="0" name="ApopCasp9IAP" public_interface="out" units="micromolar"/>
<variable initial_value="0" name="ApopCasp9_2IAP" public_interface="out" units="micromolar"/>
<variable name="ApopCasp9_2" public_interface="in" units="micromolar"/>
<variable name="Casp9" public_interface="in" units="micromolar"/>
<variable name="ApopCasp9" public_interface="in" units="micromolar"/>
<variable name="J_5" public_interface="out" units="flux"/>
<variable name="J_5b" public_interface="out" units="flux"/>
<variable name="J_5c" public_interface="out" units="flux"/>
<variable name="J_7" public_interface="in" units="flux"/>
<variable name="J_IAP" units="flux"/>
<variable name="P_IAP" public_interface="in" units="flux"/>
<variable name="k_15" public_interface="in" units="second_order_rate_constant"/>
<variable name="k_05" public_interface="in" units="first_order_rate_constant"/>
<variable name="k_15b" public_interface="in" units="second_order_rate_constant"/>
<variable name="k_05b" public_interface="in" units="first_order_rate_constant"/>
<variable name="k_15c" public_interface="in" units="second_order_rate_constant"/>
<variable name="k_05c" public_interface="in" units="first_order_rate_constant"/>
<variable name="u" public_interface="in" units="first_order_rate_constant"/>
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="second"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>J_5</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k_15</ci>
<ci>Casp9</ci>
<ci>IAP</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k_05</ci>
<ci>Casp9IAP</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>J_5b</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k_15b</ci>
<ci>ApopCasp9</ci>
<ci>IAP</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k_05b</ci>
<ci>ApopCasp9IAP</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>J_5c</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k_15c</ci>
<ci>ApopCasp9_2</ci>
<ci>IAP</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k_05c</ci>
<ci>ApopCasp9_2IAP</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>J_IAP</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>P_IAP</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>u</ci>
<ci>IAP</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Casp9IAP</ci>
</apply>
<ci>J_5</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>ApopCasp9IAP</ci>
</apply>
<ci>J_5b</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>ApopCasp9_2IAP</ci>
</apply>
<ci>J_5c</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>IAP</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>J_5</ci>
</apply>
<ci>J_5b</ci>
</apply>
<ci>J_5c</ci>
</apply>
<ci>J_7</ci>
</apply>
<ci>J_IAP</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="ApopCasp9">
<variable initial_value="0" name="ApopCasp9" public_interface="out" units="micromolar"/>
<variable name="ApopCasp9_2" public_interface="in" units="micromolar"/>
<variable name="Apop" public_interface="in" units="micromolar"/>
<variable name="Casp9" public_interface="in" units="micromolar"/>
<variable name="J_4" public_interface="out" units="flux"/>
<variable name="J_4b" public_interface="out" units="flux"/>
<variable name="J_5b" public_interface="in" units="flux"/>
<variable name="k_14" public_interface="in" units="first_order_rate_constant"/>
<variable name="k_04" public_interface="in" units="second_order_rate_constant"/>
<variable name="k_14b" public_interface="in" units="first_order_rate_constant"/>
<variable name="k_04b" public_interface="in" units="second_order_rate_constant"/>
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="second"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>J_4</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k_14</ci>
<ci>ApopCasp9_2</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k_04</ci>
<ci>ApopCasp9</ci>
<ci>Casp9</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>J_4b</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k_14b</ci>
<ci>ApopCasp9</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k_04b</ci>
<ci>Apop</ci>
<ci>Casp9</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>ApopCasp9</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>J_4</ci>
<ci>J_4b</ci>
</apply>
<ci>J_5b</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="Casp9">
<variable cmeta:id="Casp9_Casp9" initial_value="0" name="Casp9" public_interface="out" units="micromolar"/>
<variable name="J_4" public_interface="in" units="flux"/>
<variable name="J_4b" public_interface="in" units="flux"/>
<variable name="J_5" public_interface="in" units="flux"/>
<variable name="J_6" public_interface="in" units="flux"/>
<variable name="J_f6" public_interface="in" units="flux"/>
<variable name="J_Casp9" units="flux"/>
<variable name="u" public_interface="in" units="first_order_rate_constant"/>
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="second"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>J_Casp9</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>u</ci>
</apply>
<ci>Casp9</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Casp9</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>J_4</ci>
<ci>J_4b</ci>
</apply>
<ci>J_5</ci>
</apply>
<ci>J_6</ci>
</apply>
<ci>J_f6</ci>
<ci>J_Casp9</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="ApopCasp9_2">
<variable initial_value="0" name="ApopCasp9_2" public_interface="out" units="micromolar"/>
<variable name="J_f3" public_interface="in" units="flux"/>
<variable name="J_4" public_interface="in" units="flux"/>
<variable name="J_5c" public_interface="in" units="flux"/>
<variable name="J_6b" public_interface="in" units="flux"/>
<variable name="J_f6b" public_interface="in" units="flux"/>
<variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="second"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>ApopCasp9_2</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>J_f3</ci>
<ci>J_4</ci>
</apply>
<ci>J_5c</ci>
</apply>
<ci>J_6b</ci>
</apply>
<ci>J_f6b</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="model_constant">
<variable initial_value="10" name="k_10" public_interface="out" units="second_order_rate_constant"/>
<variable initial_value="0.1" name="k_f0" public_interface="out" units="first_order_rate_constant"/>
<variable initial_value="0.5" name="k_01" public_interface="out" units="first_order_rate_constant"/>
<variable initial_value="0.5" name="k_01b" public_interface="out" units="first_order_rate_constant"/>
<variable initial_value="0.5" name="k_02" public_interface="out" units="first_order_rate_constant"/>
<variable initial_value="0.5" name="k_03" public_interface="out" units="first_order_rate_constant"/>
<variable initial_value="5" name="k_14" public_interface="out" units="first_order_rate_constant"/>
<variable initial_value="5" name="k_14b" public_interface="out" units="first_order_rate_constant"/>
<variable initial_value="5" name="k_15" public_interface="out" units="second_order_rate_constant"/>
<variable initial_value="5" name="k_15b" public_interface="out" units="second_order_rate_constant"/>
<variable initial_value="5" name="k_15c" public_interface="out" units="second_order_rate_constant"/>
<variable initial_value="10" name="k_16" public_interface="out" units="second_order_rate_constant"/>
<variable initial_value="0.001" name="k_f6" public_interface="out" units="first_order_rate_constant"/>
<variable initial_value="0.5" name="k_06b" public_interface="out" units="first_order_rate_constant"/>
<variable initial_value="5" name="k_17" public_interface="out" units="second_order_rate_constant"/>
<variable initial_value="10" name="k_18" public_interface="out" units="second_order_rate_constant"/>
<variable initial_value="0.1" name="k_f8" public_interface="out" units="first_order_rate_constant"/>
<variable initial_value="0.5" name="k_09" public_interface="out" units="first_order_rate_constant"/>
<variable initial_value="10" name="k11" public_interface="out" units="first_order_rate_constant"/>
<variable initial_value="10" name="k12b" public_interface="out" units="second_order_rate_constant"/>
<variable initial_value="10" name="k14" public_interface="out" units="second_order_rate_constant"/>
<variable initial_value="0.5" name="k_00" public_interface="out" units="first_order_rate_constant"/>
<variable initial_value="5" name="k_11" public_interface="out" units="second_order_rate_constant"/>
<variable initial_value="50000" name="k_11b" public_interface="out" units="rate"/>
<variable initial_value="10" name="k_12" public_interface="out" units="second_order_rate_constant"/>
<variable initial_value="10" name="k_13" public_interface="out" units="second_order_rate_constant"/>
<variable initial_value="0.1" name="k_f3" public_interface="out" units="first_order_rate_constant"/>
<variable initial_value="0.5" name="k_04" public_interface="out" units="second_order_rate_constant"/>
<variable initial_value="0.5" name="k_04b" public_interface="out" units="second_order_rate_constant"/>
<variable initial_value="0.0035" name="k_05" public_interface="out" units="first_order_rate_constant"/>
<variable initial_value="0.0035" name="k_05b" public_interface="out" units="first_order_rate_constant"/>
<variable initial_value="0.0035" name="k_05c" public_interface="out" units="first_order_rate_constant"/>
<variable initial_value="0.5" name="k_06" public_interface="out" units="first_order_rate_constant"/>
<variable initial_value="10" name="k_16b" public_interface="out" units="second_order_rate_constant"/>
<variable initial_value="0.1" name="k_f6b" public_interface="out" units="first_order_rate_constant"/>
<variable initial_value="0.0035" name="k_07" public_interface="out" units="first_order_rate_constant"/>
<variable initial_value="0.5" name="k_08" public_interface="out" units="first_order_rate_constant"/>
<variable initial_value="10" name="k_19" public_interface="out" units="second_order_rate_constant"/>
<variable initial_value="0.1" name="k_f9" public_interface="out" units="first_order_rate_constant"/>
<variable initial_value="10" name="k12a" public_interface="out" units="second_order_rate_constant"/>
<variable initial_value="10" name="k13" public_interface="out" units="second_order_rate_constant"/>
<variable initial_value="0.004" name="p53_thresh" public_interface="out" units="micromolar"/>
<variable initial_value="0.006" name="u" public_interface="out" units="first_order_rate_constant"/>
<variable initial_value="0.006" name="u_Bax" public_interface="out" units="first_order_rate_constant"/>
<variable initial_value="0.006" name="u_Bcl_2" public_interface="out" units="first_order_rate_constant"/>
<variable initial_value="0.0003" name="P_Apaf_1" public_interface="out" units="flux"/>
<variable initial_value="0.00003" name="P_IAP" public_interface="out" units="flux"/>
<variable initial_value="0.0003" name="P_Pro3" public_interface="out" units="flux"/>
<variable initial_value="0.0003" name="P_Pro9" public_interface="out" units="flux"/>
<variable initial_value="0.00003" name="P_Bid" public_interface="out" units="flux"/>
<variable initial_value="0.00008" name="P_oBcl_2" public_interface="out" units="flux"/>
<variable initial_value="0.00003" name="P_oBax" public_interface="out" units="flux"/>
<variable initial_value="0.0003" name="P_Cytc_mito" public_interface="out" units="flux"/>
<variable cmeta:id="model_constant_p53" initial_value="0.0066" name="p53" public_interface="out" units="micromolar"/>
<variable initial_value="4" name="p" public_interface="out" units="dimensionless"/>
</component>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="Cytc" component_2="Cytc_mito"/>
<map_variables variable_1="J_14" variable_2="J_14"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="Cytc_mito" component_2="Bax_2"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Bax_2" variable_2="Bax_2"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="Bax_2" component_2="tBidBax"/>
<map_variables variable_1="J_12b" variable_2="J_12b"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="tBid_mito" component_2="Bax"/>
<map_variables variable_1="J_12a" variable_2="J_12a"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Bax" variable_2="Bax"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="tBid_mito" component_2="tBid"/>
<map_variables variable_1="J_11" variable_2="J_11"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="tBid" component_2="Casp8"/>
<map_variables variable_1="J_f0" variable_2="J_f0"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="tBid" component_2="Casp3Bid"/>
<map_variables variable_1="J_f8" variable_2="J_f8"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="tBid" component_2="tBidBax"/>
<map_variables variable_1="J_12b" variable_2="J_12b"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="tBidBax" component_2="Bax"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Bax" variable_2="Bax"/>
<map_variables variable_1="J_12b" variable_2="J_12b"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="tBidBax" component_2="tBid_mito"/>
<map_variables variable_1="J_12a" variable_2="J_12a"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="Bax" component_2="Bcl_2"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Bcl_2" variable_2="Bcl_2"/>
<map_variables variable_1="J_13" variable_2="J_13"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="Bcl_2" component_2="Casp3Bcl_2"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Casp3Bcl_2" variable_2="Casp3Bcl_2"/>
<map_variables variable_1="J_9" variable_2="J_9"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="Bcl_2" component_2="Casp3"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Casp3" variable_2="Casp3"/>
<map_variables variable_1="J_9" variable_2="J_9"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="Casp3Bid" component_2="Casp3"/>
<map_variables variable_1="J_8" variable_2="J_8"/>
<map_variables variable_1="J_f8" variable_2="J_f8"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Casp3" variable_2="Casp3"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="Casp3Bid" component_2="Bid"/>
<map_variables variable_1="J_8" variable_2="J_8"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Bid" variable_2="Bid"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="Casp3" component_2="IAP"/>
<map_variables variable_1="IAP" variable_2="IAP"/>
<map_variables variable_1="J_7" variable_2="J_7"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="Casp3" component_2="ApopCasp9_2Pro3"/>
<map_variables variable_1="J_f6b" variable_2="J_f6b"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="Casp3" component_2="Casp9Pro3"/>
<map_variables variable_1="J_f6" variable_2="J_f6"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="Casp3" component_2="Casp3Bcl_2"/>
<map_variables variable_1="J_f9" variable_2="J_f9"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="Apop" component_2="Pro9"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Apop" variable_2="Apop"/>
<map_variables variable_1="J_2" variable_2="J_2"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="Apop" component_2="ApopCasp9"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Apop" variable_2="Apop"/>
<map_variables variable_1="J_4b" variable_2="J_4b"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="Pro9" component_2="model_constant"/>
<map_variables variable_1="k_12" variable_2="k_12"/>
<map_variables variable_1="k_02" variable_2="k_02"/>
<map_variables variable_1="k_13" variable_2="k_13"/>
<map_variables variable_1="k_03" variable_2="k_03"/>
<map_variables variable_1="u" variable_2="u"/>
<map_variables variable_1="P_Pro9" variable_2="P_Pro9"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="Pro9" component_2="ApopPro9_2"/>
<map_variables variable_1="ApopPro9_2" variable_2="ApopPro9_2"/>
<map_variables variable_1="J_3" variable_2="J_3"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="ApopPro9_2" component_2="model_constant"/>
<map_variables variable_1="k_f3" variable_2="k_f3"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="ApopCasp9_2Pro3" component_2="ApopCasp9_2"/>
<map_variables variable_1="ApopCasp9_2" variable_2="ApopCasp9_2"/>
<map_variables variable_1="J_6b" variable_2="J_6b"/>
<map_variables variable_1="J_f6b" variable_2="J_f6b"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="ApopCasp9_2Pro3" component_2="Pro3"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Pro3" variable_2="Pro3"/>
<map_variables variable_1="J_6b" variable_2="J_6b"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="ApopCasp9_2Pro3" component_2="model_constant"/>
<map_variables variable_1="k_16b" variable_2="k_16b"/>
<map_variables variable_1="k_06b" variable_2="k_06b"/>
<map_variables variable_1="k_f6b" variable_2="k_f6b"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="Casp9Pro3" component_2="model_constant"/>
<map_variables variable_1="k_f6" variable_2="k_f6"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="Casp9Pro3" component_2="Pro3"/>
<map_variables variable_1="J_6" variable_2="J_6"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Casp9Pro3" variable_2="Casp9Pro3"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="Pro3" component_2="model_constant"/>
<map_variables variable_1="k_16" variable_2="k_16"/>
<map_variables variable_1="k_06" variable_2="k_06"/>
<map_variables variable_1="P_Pro3" variable_2="P_Pro3"/>
<map_variables variable_1="u" variable_2="u"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="Pro3" component_2="Casp9"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Casp9" variable_2="Casp9"/>
<map_variables variable_1="J_6" variable_2="J_6"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="IAP" component_2="ApopCasp9_2"/>
<map_variables variable_1="ApopCasp9_2" variable_2="ApopCasp9_2"/>
<map_variables variable_1="J_5c" variable_2="J_5c"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="IAP" component_2="Casp9"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Casp9" variable_2="Casp9"/>
<map_variables variable_1="J_5" variable_2="J_5"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="IAP" component_2="ApopCasp9"/>
<map_variables variable_1="ApopCasp9" variable_2="ApopCasp9"/>
<map_variables variable_1="J_5b" variable_2="J_5b"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="IAP" component_2="model_constant"/>
<map_variables variable_1="P_IAP" variable_2="P_IAP"/>
<map_variables variable_1="k_15" variable_2="k_15"/>
<map_variables variable_1="k_05" variable_2="k_05"/>
<map_variables variable_1="k_15b" variable_2="k_15b"/>
<map_variables variable_1="k_05b" variable_2="k_05b"/>
<map_variables variable_1="k_15c" variable_2="k_15c"/>
<map_variables variable_1="k_05c" variable_2="k_05c"/>
<map_variables variable_1="u" variable_2="u"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="ApopCasp9" component_2="ApopCasp9_2"/>
<map_variables variable_1="ApopCasp9_2" variable_2="ApopCasp9_2"/>
<map_variables variable_1="J_4" variable_2="J_4"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="ApopCasp9" component_2="Casp9"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Casp9" variable_2="Casp9"/>
<map_variables variable_1="J_4" variable_2="J_4"/>
<map_variables variable_1="J_4b" variable_2="J_4b"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="ApopCasp9" component_2="model_constant"/>
<map_variables variable_1="k_14" variable_2="k_14"/>
<map_variables variable_1="k_04" variable_2="k_04"/>
<map_variables variable_1="k_14b" variable_2="k_14b"/>
<map_variables variable_1="k_04b" variable_2="k_04b"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="Casp9" component_2="model_constant"/>
<map_variables variable_1="u" variable_2="u"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="Casp9" component_2="Casp9Pro3"/>
<map_variables variable_1="J_f6" variable_2="J_f6"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="ApopPro9_2" component_2="ApopCasp9_2"/>
<map_variables variable_1="J_f3" variable_2="J_f3"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="Cytc" component_2="model_constant"/>
<map_variables variable_1="u" variable_2="u"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="Cytc_mito" component_2="model_constant"/>
<map_variables variable_1="P_Cytc_mito" variable_2="P_Cytc_mito"/>
<map_variables variable_1="k14" variable_2="k14"/>
<map_variables variable_1="u" variable_2="u"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="Bax_2" component_2="model_constant"/>
<map_variables variable_1="u" variable_2="u"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="tBid_mito" component_2="model_constant"/>
<map_variables variable_1="u" variable_2="u"/>
<map_variables variable_1="k12a" variable_2="k12a"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="tBid" component_2="model_constant"/>
<map_variables variable_1="u" variable_2="u"/>
<map_variables variable_1="k11" variable_2="k11"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="tBidBax" component_2="model_constant"/>
<map_variables variable_1="k12b" variable_2="k12b"/>
<map_variables variable_1="u" variable_2="u"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="Bax" component_2="model_constant"/>
<map_variables variable_1="k13" variable_2="k13"/>
<map_variables variable_1="P_oBax" variable_2="P_oBax"/>
<map_variables variable_1="u_Bax" variable_2="u_Bax"/>
<map_variables variable_1="p53" variable_2="p53"/>
<map_variables variable_1="p53_thresh" variable_2="p53_thresh"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="Bcl_2" component_2="model_constant"/>
<map_variables variable_1="k_19" variable_2="k_19"/>
<map_variables variable_1="k_09" variable_2="k_09"/>
<map_variables variable_1="P_oBcl_2" variable_2="P_oBcl_2"/>
<map_variables variable_1="u_Bcl_2" variable_2="u_Bcl_2"/>
<map_variables variable_1="p53" variable_2="p53"/>
<map_variables variable_1="p53_thresh" variable_2="p53_thresh"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="Casp3Bcl_2" component_2="model_constant"/>
<map_variables variable_1="k_f9" variable_2="k_f9"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="Casp3Bid" component_2="model_constant"/>
<map_variables variable_1="k_18" variable_2="k_18"/>
<map_variables variable_1="k_08" variable_2="k_08"/>
<map_variables variable_1="k_f8" variable_2="k_f8"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="Bid" component_2="model_constant"/>
<map_variables variable_1="P_Bid" variable_2="P_Bid"/>
<map_variables variable_1="u" variable_2="u"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="Casp3" component_2="model_constant"/>
<map_variables variable_1="u" variable_2="u"/>
<map_variables variable_1="k_17" variable_2="k_17"/>
<map_variables variable_1="k_07" variable_2="k_07"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="Casp8" component_2="model_constant"/>
<map_variables variable_1="k_f0" variable_2="k_f0"/>
<map_variables variable_1="k_10" variable_2="k_10"/>
<map_variables variable_1="k_00" variable_2="k_00"/>
<map_variables variable_1="u" variable_2="u"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="Casp8" component_2="Bid"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Bid" variable_2="Bid"/>
<map_variables variable_1="J_0" variable_2="J_0"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="Apaf_1" component_2="model_constant"/>
<map_variables variable_1="u" variable_2="u"/>
<map_variables variable_1="k_11" variable_2="k_11"/>
<map_variables variable_1="k_01" variable_2="k_01"/>
<map_variables variable_1="P_Apaf_1" variable_2="P_Apaf_1"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="Apaf_1" component_2="CytcApaf_1"/>
<map_variables variable_1="CytcApaf_1" variable_2="CytcApaf_1"/>
<map_variables variable_1="J_1" variable_2="J_1"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="Apaf_1" component_2="Cytc"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Cytc" variable_2="Cytc"/>
<map_variables variable_1="J_1" variable_2="J_1"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="CytcApaf_1" component_2="model_constant"/>
<map_variables variable_1="k_11b" variable_2="k_11b"/>
<map_variables variable_1="k_01b" variable_2="k_01b"/>
<map_variables variable_1="p" variable_2="p"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="CytcApaf_1" component_2="Apop"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Apop" variable_2="Apop"/>
<map_variables variable_1="J_1b" variable_2="J_1b"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="Casp8" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="Apaf_1" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="CytcApaf_1" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="Cytc" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="Cytc_mito" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="Bax_2" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="tBid_mito" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="tBid" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="tBidBax" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="Bax" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="Bcl_2" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="Casp3Bcl_2" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="Casp3Bid" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="Bid" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="Casp3" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="Apop" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="Pro9" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="ApopPro9_2" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="ApopCasp9_2Pro3" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="Casp9Pro3" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="Pro3" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="IAP" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="ApopCasp9" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="Casp9" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="ApopCasp9_2" component_2="environment"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
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The Bagci et al. 2006 model of bistability in apoptosis: roles of bax, bcl-2, and mitochondrial permeability transition pores
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Bistability in apoptosis: roles of bax, bcl-2, and mitochondrial permeability transition pores
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