- Author:
- Catherine Lloyd <c.lloyd@auckland.ac.nz>
- Date:
- 2010-01-18 15:30:01+13:00
- Desc:
- Added model to the workspace on behalf of David Cumin. Also added documentation and metadata to the model.
- Permanent Source URI:
- https://models.physiomeproject.org/workspace/shim_leem_abe_noma_2006/rawfile/a3421a758163bc7c64013c6b2d526fdbaadcf8a6/shim_leem_abe_noma_2006.cellml
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<article>
<articleinfo>
<title>A new multi-scale simulation model of the circulation: from cells to system</title>
<author>
<firstname>Catherine</firstname>
<surname>Lloyd</surname>
<affiliation>
<shortaffil>Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland</shortaffil>
</affiliation>
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<section id="sec_status">
<title>Model Status</title>
<para>
This CellML model runs in both COR and PCEnv to produce simulation results which are very similar to those generated by the original model. Please note that the CellML model translation is based on both the mathematics in the published paper and also the author's original C code.
</para>
</section>
<sect1 id="sec_structure">
<title>Model Structure</title>
<para>
ABSTRACT: We developed a comprehensive cell model that simulates the sequential cellular events from membrane excitation to contraction in the human ventricle. By combining this ventricular cell model with a lumped circulation model, we examined how blood pressure dynamics in the ventricle and aorta are related to the cellular processes. To convert cell contraction into ventricular pressure using Laplace's law, we introduced a simple geometric model of a ventricle: one shaped like a thin-walled hemisphere. The force of contraction of a single cell induces tension in the hemispheric ventricular wall, which generates the ventricular and aortic pressures in the lumped circulation model. The time courses of the hemodynamic properties, as well as the volume-pressure trajectory of the left ventricle, were well reproduced. Our multi-scale cardiovascular model, which covers from cardiac cells to the circulatory system, simulates the typical characteristics of heart mechanics, such as the pressure-volume relationship, stroke volume and the effect of the increased maximum free calcium concentration on cardiovascular hemodynamics. To test the cell-circulation coupling characteristics of the model, we simulated the effects of a decrease in L-type calcium channel conductance (cell level) on left ventricular pressure (system level). The variation due to different pacing frequencies for myocyte excitation was also investigated to assess the effects of heart rate on cardiac cells and the circulatory system.
</para>
<para>
The original paper reference is cited below:
</para>
<para>
A new multi-scale simulation model of the circulation: from cells to system, Eun Bo Shim, Chae Hun Leem, Yasuyuki Abe, and Akinori Noma, 2006, <emphasis>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society</emphasis>, 364, 1483-1500. <ulink url="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16766356">PubMed ID: 16766356</ulink>.
</para>
<informalfigure float="0" id="fig_cell_diagram">
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<title>cell diagram</title>
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<caption>Schematic diagram of the integrated model of the cardiovascular system. The TN model is the human cardiac myocyte model proposed by ten Tusscher et al. (2004) and the NL model represents the dynamic model of contraction involving the cross-bridges in the myocyte.</caption>
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<ci>Ca_flux</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>Am</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
<ci>vC</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
<ci>INaCa</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>ICa_additional</ci>
<ci>ICaL</ci>
<ci>IbCa</ci>
<ci>IpCa</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="Ca_SR_flux">
<variable name="Ca_SR_flux" units="mM_per_ms" public_interface="out" private_interface="out"/>
<variable name="Jleak" units="mM_per_ms" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="Jup" units="mM_per_ms" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="Jrel" units="mM_per_ms" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="JCaSR_additional" units="mM_per_ms" public_interface="in"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>Ca_SR_flux</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Jleak</ci>
<ci>Jrel</ci>
<ci>JCaSR_additional</ci>
</apply>
<ci>Jup</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="INa">
<variable name="INa" units="uA_per_mmsq" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="time" units="ms" public_interface="in" private_interface="out"/>
<variable name="V" units="mV" public_interface="in" private_interface="out"/>
<variable name="E_Na" units="mV" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="g_Na" units="mS_per_mmsq" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="m" units="dimensionless" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="h" units="dimensionless" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="j" units="dimensionless" public_interface="in"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>INa</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_Na</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>m</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
</apply>
<ci>h</ci>
<ci>j</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_Na</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="IK1">
<variable name="IK1" units="uA_per_mmsq" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="g_K1" units="mS_per_mmsq" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="V" units="mV" public_interface="in" private_interface="out"/>
<variable name="Ko" units="mM" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="E_K" units="mV" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="K1_infinity" units="dimensionless" public_interface="in"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>IK1</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_K1</ci>
<apply>
<root/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>Ko</ci>
<cn cellml:units="mM">5.4</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>K1_infinity</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_K</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="Ito">
<variable name="Ito" units="uA_per_mmsq" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="g_to" units="mS_per_mmsq" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="E_K" units="mV" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="V" units="mV" public_interface="in" private_interface="out"/>
<variable name="time" units="ms" public_interface="in" private_interface="out"/>
<variable name="s" units="dimensionless" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="r" units="dimensionless" public_interface="in"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>Ito</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_to</ci>
<ci>r</ci>
<ci>s</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_K</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="IKr">
<variable name="IKr" units="uA_per_mmsq" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="g_Kr" units="mS_per_mmsq" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="time" units="ms" public_interface="in" private_interface="out"/>
<variable name="V" units="mV" public_interface="in" private_interface="out"/>
<variable name="E_K" units="mV" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="Ko" units="mM" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="Xr1" units="dimensionless" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="Xr2" units="dimensionless" public_interface="in"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>IKr</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_Kr</ci>
<apply>
<root/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>Ko</ci>
<cn cellml:units="mM">5.4</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>Xr1</ci>
<ci>Xr2</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_K</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="IKs">
<variable name="IKs" units="uA_per_mmsq" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="g_Ks" units="mS_per_mmsq" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="time" units="ms" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="V" units="mV" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="E_Ks" units="mV" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="Xs" units="dimensionless" public_interface="in"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>IKs</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_Ks</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>Xs</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_Ks</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="INaK">
<variable name="INaK" units="uA_per_mmsq" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="P_NaK" units="uA_per_mmsq" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="K_mNa" units="mM" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="K_mK" units="mM" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="V" units="mV" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="R" units="gas_constant" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="T" units="K" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="F" units="faradays_constant" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="Nai" units="mM" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="Ko" units="mM" public_interface="in"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>INaK</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>P_NaK</ci>
<ci>Ko</ci>
<ci>Nai</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Ko</ci>
<ci>K_mK</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Nai</ci>
<ci>K_mNa</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.1245</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.1</cn>
</apply>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.0353</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
</apply>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="IpK">
<variable name="IpK" units="uA_per_mmsq" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="g_pK" units="mS_per_mmsq" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="V" units="mV" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="E_K" units="mV" public_interface="in"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>IpK</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_pK</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_K</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="mV">25</cn>
<ci>V</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="mV">5.98</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="IbNa">
<variable name="IbNa" units="uA_per_mmsq" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="g_bNa" units="mS_per_mmsq" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="V" units="mV" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="E_Na" units="mV" public_interface="in"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>IbNa</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_bNa</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_Na</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="ICaL">
<variable name="ICaL" units="uA_per_mmsq" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="g_CaL" units="mm_per_ms" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="time" units="ms" public_interface="in" private_interface="out"/>
<variable name="V" units="mV" public_interface="in" private_interface="out"/>
<variable name="Cai" units="mM" public_interface="in" private_interface="out"/>
<variable name="Cao" units="mM" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="R" units="gas_constant" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="T" units="K" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="F" units="faradays_constant" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="d" units="dimensionless" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="f" units="dimensionless" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="fCa" units="dimensionless" public_interface="in"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>ICaL</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_CaL</ci>
<ci>d</ci>
<ci>f</ci>
<ci>fCa</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">4</cn>
<ci>V</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>F</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Cai</ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.341</cn>
<ci>Cao</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="IpCa">
<variable name="IpCa" units="uA_per_mmsq" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="g_pCa" units="uA_per_mmsq" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="K_pCa" units="mM" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="Cai" units="mM" public_interface="in"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>IpCa</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_pCa</ci>
<ci>Cai</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>K_pCa</ci>
<ci>Cai</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="INaCa">
<variable name="INaCa" units="uA_per_mmsq" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="k_NaCa" units="uA_per_mmsq" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="K_mNai" units="mM" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="K_mCa" units="mM" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="k_sat" units="dimensionless" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="gamma" units="dimensionless" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="alpha" units="dimensionless" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="V" units="mV" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="R" units="gas_constant" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="T" units="K" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="F" units="faradays_constant" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="Nai" units="mM" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="Nao" units="mM" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="Cai" units="mM" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="Cao" units="mM" public_interface="in"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>INaCa</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k_NaCa</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>gamma</ci>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>Nai</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
</apply>
<ci>Cao</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>gamma</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>Nao</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
</apply>
<ci>Cai</ci>
<ci>alpha</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>K_mNai</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>Nao</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>K_mCa</ci>
<ci>Cao</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k_sat</ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>gamma</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="IbCa">
<variable name="IbCa" units="uA_per_mmsq" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="g_bCa" units="mS_per_mmsq" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="V" units="mV" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="E_Ca" units="mV" public_interface="in"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>IbCa</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_bCa</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_Ca</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="ENa">
<variable name="z" units="dimensionless" initial_value="1"/>
<variable name="T" units="K" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="intracellular_concentration" units="mM" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="extracellular_concentration" units="mM" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="R" units="gas_constant" initial_value="8314.472" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="F" units="faradays_constant" initial_value="96485" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="reversal_potential" units="mV" public_interface="out"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>reversal_potential</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>z</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<ln/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>extracellular_concentration</ci>
<ci>intracellular_concentration</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="EK">
<variable name="z" units="dimensionless" initial_value="1"/>
<variable name="T" units="K" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="intracellular_concentration" units="mM" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="extracellular_concentration" units="mM" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="R" units="gas_constant" initial_value="8314.472" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="F" units="faradays_constant" initial_value="96485" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="reversal_potential" units="mV" public_interface="out"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>reversal_potential</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>z</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<ln/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>extracellular_concentration</ci>
<ci>intracellular_concentration</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="ECa">
<variable name="z" units="dimensionless" initial_value="2"/>
<variable name="T" units="K" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="intracellular_concentration" units="mM" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="extracellular_concentration" units="mM" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="R" units="gas_constant" initial_value="8314.472" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="F" units="faradays_constant" initial_value="96485" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="reversal_potential" units="mV" public_interface="out"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>reversal_potential</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>z</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<ln/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>extracellular_concentration</ci>
<ci>intracellular_concentration</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="EKs">
<variable name="z" units="dimensionless" initial_value="1"/>
<variable name="T" units="K" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="intracellular_concentration_1" units="mM" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="extracellular_concentration_1" units="mM" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="intracellular_concentration_2" units="mM" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="extracellular_concentration_2" units="mM" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="multiplier_1" units="dimensionless" initial_value="1"/>
<variable name="multiplier_2" units="dimensionless" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="R" units="gas_constant" initial_value="8314.472" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="F" units="faradays_constant" initial_value="96485" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="reversal_potential" units="mV" public_interface="out"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>reversal_potential</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>z</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<ln/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>multiplier_1</ci>
<ci>extracellular_concentration_1</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>multiplier_2</ci>
<ci>extracellular_concentration_2</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>multiplier_1</ci>
<ci>intracellular_concentration_1</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>multiplier_2</ci>
<ci>intracellular_concentration_2</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="Nai">
<variable name="Nai" units="mM" initial_value="10.9532662826763" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="time" units="ms" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="Na_flux" units="mM_per_ms" public_interface="in"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Nai</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>Na_flux</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="Ki">
<variable name="Ki" units="mM" initial_value="138.048487061761" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="time" units="ms" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="K_flux" units="mM_per_ms" public_interface="in"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Ki</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>K_flux</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="Cai">
<units name="mMsq">
<unit units="mM" exponent="2"/>
</units>
<variable name="Cai" units="mM" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="CaSR" units="mM" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="Cai_total" units="mM" initial_value="0.00682342989751132" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="CaSR_total" units="mM" initial_value="6.39862043165719" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="Cai_buf" units="mM" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="CaSR_buf" units="mM" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="Bufc" units="mM" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="Kbufc" units="mM" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="Bufsr" units="mM" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="Kbufsr" units="mM" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="vSR" units="dimensionless" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="vC" units="dimensionless" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="Am" units="per_mm" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="F" units="faradays_constant" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="time" units="ms" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="Capacitance" units="uF_per_mmsq" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="Ca_flux" units="mM_per_ms" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="Ca_SR_flux" units="mM_per_ms" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="aCai" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="bCai" units="mM"/>
<variable name="cCai" units="mMsq"/>
<variable name="aCaSR" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="bCaSR" units="mM"/>
<variable name="cCaSR" units="mMsq"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>aCai</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>bCai</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Cai_total</ci>
<ci>Kbufc</ci>
<ci>Bufc</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>cCai</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>Bufc</ci>
</apply>
<ci>Cai_total</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>Cai_buf</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<root/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>bCai</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">4</cn>
<ci>aCai</ci>
<ci>cCai</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>bCai</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
<ci>aCai</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>Cai</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>Cai_total</ci>
<ci>Cai_buf</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Cai_total</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Ca_flux</ci>
<ci>Ca_SR_flux</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>aCaSR</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>bCaSR</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>CaSR_total</ci>
<ci>Kbufsr</ci>
<ci>Bufsr</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>cCaSR</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>Bufsr</ci>
</apply>
<ci>CaSR_total</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>CaSR_buf</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<root/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>bCaSR</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">4</cn>
<ci>aCaSR</ci>
<ci>cCaSR</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>bCaSR</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
<ci>aCaSR</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>CaSR</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>CaSR_total</ci>
<ci>CaSR_buf</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>CaSR_total</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>vC</ci>
<ci>vSR</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>Ca_SR_flux</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="Jleak">
<variable name="Jleak" units="mM_per_ms" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="V_leak" units="per_ms" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="Cai" units="mM" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="CaSR" units="mM" public_interface="in"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>Jleak</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>V_leak</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>CaSR</ci>
<ci>Cai</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="Jup">
<variable name="Jup" units="mM_per_ms" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="Vmax_up" units="mM_per_ms" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="Cai" units="mM" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="K_up" units="mM" public_interface="in"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>Jup</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>Vmax_up</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>K_up</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>Cai</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="Jrel">
<variable name="Jrel" units="mM_per_ms" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="Cai" units="mM" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="CaSR" units="mM" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="a_rel" units="mM_per_ms" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="b_rel" units="mM" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="c_rel" units="mM_per_ms" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="tau_g" units="ms" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="V" units="mV" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="time" units="ms" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="d" units="dimensionless" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="g" units="dimensionless" public_interface="in"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>Jrel</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>a_rel</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>CaSR</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>b_rel</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>CaSR</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>c_rel</ci>
</apply>
<ci>d</ci>
<ci>g</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="m_gate">
<variable name="m" units="dimensionless" initial_value="0.00139496502667641" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="tau_m" units="ms" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="m_infinity" units="dimensionless" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="alpha_m" units="per_ms"/>
<variable name="beta_m" units="per_ms"/>
<variable name="V" units="mV" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="time" units="ms" public_interface="in"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>m_infinity</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="mV">56.86</cn>
</apply>
<ci>V</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="mV">9.03</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>alpha_m</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="per_ms">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="mV">60</cn>
</apply>
<ci>V</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="mV">5</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>beta_m</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="per_ms">0.1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="mV">35</cn>
<ci>V</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="mV">5</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="per_ms">0.1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="mV">50</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="mV">200</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>tau_m</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="mscu">1</cn>
<ci>alpha_m</ci>
<ci>beta_m</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>m</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>m_infinity</ci>
<ci>m</ci>
</apply>
<ci>tau_m</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="h_gate">
<variable name="h" units="dimensionless" initial_value="0.770575154565896" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="tau_h" units="ms" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="h_infinity" units="dimensionless" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="alpha_h" units="per_ms"/>
<variable name="beta_h" units="per_ms"/>
<variable name="V" units="mV" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="time" units="ms" public_interface="in"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>h_infinity</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="mV">71.55</cn>
<ci>V</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="mV">7.43</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>alpha_h</ci>
<piecewise>
<piece>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_ms">0.057</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="mV">80</cn>
<ci>V</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="mV">6.8</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<lt/>
<ci>V</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="mV">40</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</piece>
<otherwise>
<cn cellml:units="per_ms">0</cn>
</otherwise>
</piecewise>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>beta_h</ci>
<piecewise>
<piece>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_ms">2.7</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_mV">0.079</cn>
<ci>V</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn type="e-notation" cellml:units="per_ms">3.1 <sep/>
5</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_mV">0.3485</cn>
<ci>V</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<lt/>
<ci>V</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="mV">40</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</piece>
<otherwise>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.77</cn>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="ms">0.13</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="mV">10.66</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="mV">11.1</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</otherwise>
</piecewise>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>tau_h</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>alpha_h</ci>
<ci>beta_h</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>h</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>h_infinity</ci>
<ci>h</ci>
</apply>
<ci>tau_h</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="j_gate">
<variable name="j" units="dimensionless" initial_value="0.770443444995156" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="tau_j" units="ms" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="j_infinity" units="dimensionless" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="alpha_j" units="per_ms"/>
<variable name="beta_j" units="per_ms"/>
<variable name="V" units="mV" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="time" units="ms" public_interface="in"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>j_infinity</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="mV">71.55</cn>
<ci>V</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="mV">7.43</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>alpha_j</ci>
<piecewise>
<piece>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn type="e-notation" cellml:units="per_mV_per_ms">2.5428 <sep/>
4</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_mV">0.2444</cn>
<ci>V</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn type="e-notation" cellml:units="per_mV_per_ms">6.948 <sep/>
-6</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="per_mV">0.04391</cn>
</apply>
<ci>V</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="mV">37.78</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_mV">0.311</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="mV">79.23</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<lt/>
<ci>V</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="mV">40</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</piece>
<otherwise>
<cn cellml:units="per_ms">0</cn>
</otherwise>
</piecewise>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>beta_j</ci>
<piecewise>
<piece>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_ms">0.02424</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="per_mV">0.01052</cn>
</apply>
<ci>V</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="per_mV">0.1378</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="mV">40.14</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<lt/>
<ci>V</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="mV">40</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</piece>
<otherwise>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_ms">0.6</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_mV">0.057</cn>
<ci>V</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="per_mV">0.1</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="mV">32</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</otherwise>
</piecewise>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>tau_j</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>alpha_j</ci>
<ci>beta_j</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>j</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>j_infinity</ci>
<ci>j</ci>
</apply>
<ci>tau_j</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="K1_gate">
<variable name="K1_infinity" units="dimensionless" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="alpha_K1" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="beta_K1" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="E_K" units="mV" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="V" units="mV" public_interface="in"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>K1_infinity</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>alpha_K1</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>alpha_K1</ci>
<ci>beta_K1</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>alpha_K1</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_mV">0.06</cn>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>E_K</ci>
<cn cellml:units="mV">200</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>beta_K1</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_mV">0.0002</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_K</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="mV">100</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_mV">0.1</cn>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>E_K</ci>
<cn cellml:units="mV">10</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="per_mV">0.5</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_K</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="r_gate">
<variable name="r" units="dimensionless" initial_value="2.05519333410682e-8" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="r_infinity" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="tau_r" units="ms"/>
<variable name="V" units="mV" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="time" units="ms" public_interface="in"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>r</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>r_infinity</ci>
<ci>r</ci>
</apply>
<ci>tau_r</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>r_infinity</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="mV">20</cn>
<ci>V</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="mV">6</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>tau_r</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="ms">9.5</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="mV">40</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="mVsq">1800</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="ms">0.8</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="s_gate">
<variable name="s" units="dimensionless" initial_value="0.999998222617307" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="s_infinity" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="tau_s" units="ms"/>
<variable name="V" units="mV" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="time" units="ms" public_interface="in"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>s</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>s_infinity</ci>
<ci>s</ci>
</apply>
<ci>tau_s</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>s_infinity</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="mV">20</cn>
<ci>V</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="mV">5</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>tau_s</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="ms">85</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="mV">45</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="mVsq">320</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="ms">5</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="mV">20</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="mV">5</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="ms">3</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="Xr1_gate">
<variable name="Xr1" units="dimensionless" initial_value="0.000184456278122146" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="alpha_Xr1" units="per_ms"/>
<variable name="beta_Xr1" units="per_ms"/>
<variable name="Xr1_infinity" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="tau_Xr1" units="ms"/>
<variable name="V" units="mV" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="time" units="ms" public_interface="in"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Xr1</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>Xr1_infinity</ci>
<ci>Xr1</ci>
</apply>
<ci>tau_Xr1</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>Xr1_infinity</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="mV">26</cn>
</apply>
<ci>V</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="mV">7</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>alpha_Xr1</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="per_ms">450</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="mV">45</cn>
</apply>
<ci>V</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="mV">10</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>beta_Xr1</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="per_ms">6</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="mV">30</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="mV">11.5</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>tau_Xr1</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="mscu">1</cn>
<ci>alpha_Xr1</ci>
<ci>beta_Xr1</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="Xr2_gate">
<variable name="Xr2" units="dimensionless" initial_value="0.481278373434186" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="alpha_Xr2" units="per_ms"/>
<variable name="beta_Xr2" units="per_ms"/>
<variable name="Xr2_infinity" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="tau_Xr2" units="ms"/>
<variable name="V" units="mV" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="time" units="ms" public_interface="in"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Xr2</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>Xr2_infinity</ci>
<ci>Xr2</ci>
</apply>
<ci>tau_Xr2</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>Xr2_infinity</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="mV">88</cn>
<ci>V</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="mV">24</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>alpha_Xr2</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="per_ms">3</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="mV">60</cn>
</apply>
<ci>V</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="mV">20</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>beta_Xr2</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="per_ms">1.12</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="mV">60</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="mV">20</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>tau_Xr2</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="mscu">1</cn>
<ci>alpha_Xr2</ci>
<ci>beta_Xr2</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="Xs_gate">
<variable name="Xs" units="dimensionless" initial_value="0.00301801313676975" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="alpha_Xs" units="per_ms"/>
<variable name="beta_Xs" units="per_ms"/>
<variable name="Xs_infinity" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="tau_Xs" units="ms"/>
<variable name="V" units="mV" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="time" units="ms" public_interface="in"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Xs</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>Xs_infinity</ci>
<ci>Xs</ci>
</apply>
<ci>tau_Xs</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>Xs_infinity</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="mV">5</cn>
</apply>
<ci>V</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="mV">14</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>alpha_Xs</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="per_ms">1100</cn>
<apply>
<root/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="mV">10</cn>
</apply>
<ci>V</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="mV">6</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>beta_Xs</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="per_ms">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="mV">60</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="mV">20</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>tau_Xs</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="mscu">1</cn>
<ci>alpha_Xs</ci>
<ci>beta_Xs</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="d_gate">
<variable name="d" units="dimensionless" initial_value="1.98573194199555e-5" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="alpha_d" units="per_ms" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="beta_d" units="per_ms" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="tau_d" units="ms" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="gamma_d" units="ms" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="d_infinity" units="dimensionless" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="V" units="mV" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="time" units="ms" public_interface="in"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>d_infinity</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="mV">5</cn>
</apply>
<ci>V</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="mV">7.5</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>alpha_d</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="per_ms">1.4</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="mV">35</cn>
</apply>
<ci>V</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="mV">13</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="per_ms">0.25</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>beta_d</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="per_ms">1.4</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="mV">5</cn>
<ci>V</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="mV">5</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>gamma_d</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="ms">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="mV">50</cn>
<ci>V</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="mV">20</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>tau_d</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="mscu">1</cn>
<ci>alpha_d</ci>
<ci>beta_d</ci>
</apply>
<ci>gamma_d</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>d</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>d_infinity</ci>
<ci>d</ci>
</apply>
<ci>tau_d</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="f_gate">
<variable name="f" units="dimensionless" initial_value="0.999672095225684" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="tau_f" units="ms" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="f_infinity" units="dimensionless" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="V" units="mV" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="time" units="ms" public_interface="in"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>f_infinity</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="mV">20</cn>
<ci>V</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="mV">7</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>tau_f</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="ms">1125</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="mV">27</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="mVsq">240</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="ms">165</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="mV">25</cn>
<ci>V</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="mV">10</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="ms">80</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>f</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>f_infinity</ci>
<ci>f</ci>
</apply>
<ci>tau_f</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="fCa_gate">
<variable name="fCa" units="dimensionless" initial_value="1.00603163752055" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="alpha_fCa" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="beta_fCa" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="tau_fCa" units="ms" initial_value="2" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="gamma_fCa" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="fCa_infinity" units="dimensionless" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="V" units="mV" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="time" units="ms" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="Cai" units="mM" public_interface="in"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>fCa_infinity</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>alpha_fCa</ci>
<ci>beta_fCa</ci>
<ci>gamma_fCa</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.23</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1.46</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>alpha_fCa</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>Cai</ci>
<cn cellml:units="mM">0.000325</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">8</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>beta_fCa</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>Cai</ci>
<cn cellml:units="mM">0.0005</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="mM">0.0001</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>gamma_fCa</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.2</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>Cai</ci>
<cn cellml:units="mM">0.00075</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="mM">0.0008</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>fCa</ci>
</apply>
<piecewise>
<piece>
<cn cellml:units="per_ms">0</cn>
<apply>
<and/>
<apply>
<gt/>
<ci>fCa_infinity</ci>
<ci>fCa</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<gt/>
<ci>V</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="mV">60</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</piece>
<otherwise>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>fCa_infinity</ci>
<ci>fCa</ci>
</apply>
<ci>tau_fCa</ci>
</apply>
</otherwise>
</piecewise>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="g_gate">
<variable name="g" units="dimensionless" initial_value="0.999938939681683" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="g_infinity" units="dimensionless" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="tau_g" units="ms" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="Cai" units="mM" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="V" units="mV" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="time" units="ms" public_interface="in"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>g_infinity</ci>
<piecewise>
<piece>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>Cai</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">6</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<power/>
<cn cellml:units="mM">0.00035</cn>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">6</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<leq/>
<ci>Cai</ci>
<cn cellml:units="mM">0.00035</cn>
</apply>
</piece>
<otherwise>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>Cai</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">16</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<power/>
<cn cellml:units="mM">0.00035</cn>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">16</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</otherwise>
</piecewise>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>g</ci>
</apply>
<piecewise>
<piece>
<cn cellml:units="per_ms">0</cn>
<apply>
<and/>
<apply>
<gt/>
<ci>g_infinity</ci>
<ci>g</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<gt/>
<ci>V</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="mV">60</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</piece>
<otherwise>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>g_infinity</ci>
<ci>g</ci>
</apply>
<ci>tau_g</ci>
</apply>
</otherwise>
</piecewise>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="stimulus_protocol">
<variable name="IStim" units="uA_per_mmsq" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="IstimStart" units="ms" initial_value="100"/>
<variable name="IstimEnd" units="ms" initial_value="5000000"/>
<variable name="stimCurrent" units="uA_per_mmcu" initial_value="100"/>
<variable name="IstimPeriod" units="ms" initial_value="1000"/>
<variable name="IstimPulseDuration" units="ms" initial_value="1"/>
<variable name="Am" units="per_mm" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="time" units="ms" public_interface="in"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>IStim</ci>
<piecewise>
<piece>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>stimCurrent</ci>
<ci>Am</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<and/>
<apply>
<geq/>
<ci>time</ci>
<ci>IstimStart</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<leq/>
<ci>time</ci>
<ci>IstimEnd</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<leq/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>time</ci>
<ci>IstimStart</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<floor/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>time</ci>
<ci>IstimStart</ci>
</apply>
<ci>IstimPeriod</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>IstimPeriod</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>IstimPulseDuration</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</piece>
<otherwise>
<cn cellml:units="uA_per_mmsq">0</cn>
</otherwise>
</piecewise>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="NL_model">
<variable name="xHalfSL" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="Cai" units="millimolar" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="ForceExt" units="mN_per_mm2" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="time" units="ms" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="cTnCaEff" units="millimolar"/>
<variable name="cTnCa" units="millimolar" initial_value="0.074511924815213"/>
<variable name="cTnCaCB" units="millimolar" initial_value="0.0145019379063895"/>
<variable name="cTnCB" units="millimolar" initial_value="0.00190549185450413"/>
<variable name="Q_a" units="per_millisecond"/>
<variable name="Q_b" units="per_millisecond"/>
<variable name="Q_r" units="per_millisecond"/>
<variable name="Q_d" units="per_millisecond"/>
<variable name="Q_d1" units="per_millisecond"/>
<variable name="Q_d2" units="per_millisecond"/>
<variable name="Y_1" units="per_millimolar_millisecond" initial_value="39"/>
<variable name="Y_2" units="per_millisecond" initial_value="0.0039"/>
<variable name="Y_3" units="per_millisecond" initial_value="0.03"/>
<variable name="Y_4" units="per_millisecond" initial_value="0.12"/>
<variable name="Y_d" units="ms" initial_value="0.027"/>
<variable name="Z_1" units="per_millisecond" initial_value="0.03"/>
<variable name="Z_2" units="per_millisecond" initial_value="0.0039"/>
<variable name="Z_3" units="per_millimolar_millisecond" initial_value="1560"/>
<variable name="OptiHSL" units="dimensionless" initial_value="1.17"/>
<variable name="xLLimitCB" units="dimensionless" initial_value="0.005"/>
<variable name="R" units="dimensionless" initial_value="20"/>
<variable name="SlidingR" units="per_ms" initial_value="1.2"/>
<variable name="xInext" units="dimensionless" initial_value="1.13295171019871"/>
<variable name="cTn" units="millimolar"/>
<variable name="trpnbar" units="millimolar" initial_value="0.07"/>
<variable name="cCaTropC" units="millimolar"/>
<variable name="xhhh" units="dimensionless"/>
<variable name="cTRPN" units="millimolar" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="AForceCB" units="mN_per_mm2" initial_value="1800000"/>
<variable name="xNewCBF" units="mN_per_mm2"/>
<variable name="xKcoeff" units="mN_per_mm2" initial_value="140000"/>
<variable name="ForceP" units="mN_per_mm2"/>
<variable name="ForceB" units="mN_per_mm2"/>
<variable name="V_LV" units="mL" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="radiusLV" units="micrometre"/>
<variable name="Fmult" units="dimensionless" initial_value="0.8"/>
<variable name="Tension" units="mN_per_mm2"/>
<variable name="P_LV" units="mmHg" public_interface="out"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>radiusLV</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
<ci>V_LV</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
<pi/>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>xHalfSL</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">10000</cn>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
<pi/>
<ci>radiusLV</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="micrometre">236550</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>Tension</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>ForceExt</ci>
<ci>Fmult</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>P_LV</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="micrometre">2</cn>
<ci>Tension</ci>
</apply>
<ci>radiusLV</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1000</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">133</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>xInext</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>SlidingR</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>xHalfSL</ci>
<ci>xInext</ci>
</apply>
<ci>xLLimitCB</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>cTn</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="millimolar">1</cn>
<ci>cTnCa</ci>
</apply>
<ci>cTnCaCB</ci>
</apply>
<ci>cTnCB</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>Q_b</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Y_1</ci>
<ci>Cai</ci>
<ci>cTn</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millimolar">1</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Z_1</ci>
<ci>cTnCa</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millimolar">1</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>cTnCaEff</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>cTnCa</ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>xHalfSL</ci>
<ci>OptiHSL</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>Q_a</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Y_2</ci>
<ci>cTnCaEff</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millimolar">1</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Z_2</ci>
<ci>cTnCaCB</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millimolar">1</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>Q_r</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Y_3</ci>
<ci>cTnCaCB</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millimolar">1</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Z_3</ci>
<ci>cTnCB</ci>
<ci>Cai</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millimolar">1</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>Q_d1</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Y_d</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>SlidingR</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>xHalfSL</ci>
<ci>xInext</ci>
</apply>
<ci>xLLimitCB</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
<ci>cTnCaCB</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millimolar">1</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>Q_d</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Y_4</ci>
<ci>cTnCB</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millimolar">1</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>Q_d2</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Y_d</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>SlidingR</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>xHalfSL</ci>
<ci>xInext</ci>
</apply>
<ci>xLLimitCB</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
<ci>cTnCB</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millimolar">1</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>cCaTropC</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>trpnbar</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Q_r</ci>
<ci>Q_d2</ci>
</apply>
<ci>Q_b</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="per_millisecond">1</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>cTnCa</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Q_b</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millimolar">1</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Q_a</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millimolar">1</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>cTnCaCB</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Q_a</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millimolar">1</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Q_r</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millimolar">1</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Q_d1</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millimolar">1</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>cTnCB</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Q_r</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millimolar">1</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Q_d</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millimolar">1</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Q_d2</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millimolar">1</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>xhhh</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>xHalfSL</ci>
<ci>xInext</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>cTRPN</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>cTnCaCB</ci>
<ci>cTnCB</ci>
</apply>
<ci>trpnbar</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millimolar">1</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>xNewCBF</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>AForceCB</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>cTnCaCB</ci>
<ci>cTnCB</ci>
</apply>
<ci>trpnbar</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millimolar2">1</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>ForceP</ci>
<piecewise>
<piece>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>xKcoeff</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>xHalfSL</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.97</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">5</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<gt/>
<ci>xHalfSL</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.97</cn>
</apply>
</piece>
<otherwise>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="mN_per_mm2">30</cn>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>xHalfSL</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.97</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</otherwise>
</piecewise>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>ForceB</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>xNewCBF</ci>
<ci>xhhh</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>ForceExt</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>ForceP</ci>
<ci>ForceB</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="circulation">
<variable name="time" units="ms" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="P_LV" units="mmHg" public_interface="in"/>
<variable name="P_RV" units="mmHg"/>
<variable name="P_A" units="mmHg"/>
<variable name="P_V" units="mmHg"/>
<variable name="P_PA" units="mmHg"/>
<variable name="P_PV" units="mmHg"/>
<variable name="P_AO" units="mmHg"/>
<variable name="R_A" units="resistance" initial_value="1000"/>
<variable name="R_AO" units="resistance" initial_value="60"/>
<variable name="R_V" units="resistance" initial_value="28"/>
<variable name="R_RO" units="resistance" initial_value="3"/>
<variable name="R_PA" units="resistance" initial_value="80"/>
<variable name="R_PV" units="resistance" initial_value="10"/>
<variable name="R_LO" units="resistance" initial_value="6"/>
<variable name="C_A" units="capacitance" initial_value="3.5"/>
<variable name="C_AO" units="capacitance" initial_value="0.3"/>
<variable name="C_V" units="capacitance" initial_value="110"/>
<variable name="C_PA" units="capacitance" initial_value="4.3"/>
<variable name="C_PV" units="capacitance" initial_value="8.4"/>
<variable name="V_A0" units="mL" initial_value="715"/>
<variable name="V_V0" units="mL" initial_value="2750"/>
<variable name="V_RV0" units="mL" initial_value="20"/>
<variable name="V_PA0" units="mL" initial_value="90"/>
<variable name="V_PV0" units="mL" initial_value="490"/>
<variable name="V_LV0" units="mL" initial_value="20"/>
<variable name="V_AO0" units="mL" initial_value="0"/>
<variable name="Vs_LV" units="mL" initial_value="144.687729485028"/>
<variable name="Vs_RV" units="mL" initial_value="-5851.58291726876"/>
<variable name="Vs_A" units="mL" initial_value="435.463300626406"/>
<variable name="Vs_V" units="mL" initial_value="5965.81859634061"/>
<variable name="Vs_PA" units="mL" initial_value="356.531769433971"/>
<variable name="Vs_PV" units="mL" initial_value="685.284664433661"/>
<variable name="Vs_AO" units="mL" initial_value="37.4256033611631"/>
<variable name="F_PV" units="flow"/>
<variable name="F_LO" units="flow"/>
<variable name="F_AO" units="flow"/>
<variable name="F_A" units="flow"/>
<variable name="F_V" units="flow"/>
<variable name="F_RO" units="flow"/>
<variable name="F_PA" units="flow"/>
<variable name="V_LV" units="mL" public_interface="out"/>
<variable name="V_A" units="mL"/>
<variable name="V_AO" units="mL"/>
<variable name="V_V" units="mL"/>
<variable name="V_RV" units="mL"/>
<variable name="V_PA" units="mL"/>
<variable name="V_PV" units="mL"/>
<variable name="EmaxLV" units="elastance" initial_value="2.95"/>
<variable name="EmaxRV" units="elastance" initial_value="1.75"/>
<variable name="kelv" units="per_mL" initial_value="0.014"/>
<variable name="kerv" units="per_mL" initial_value="0.011"/>
<variable name="P0lv" units="mmHg" initial_value="1.5"/>
<variable name="P0rv" units="mmHg" initial_value="1.5"/>
<variable name="lva" units="mmHg"/>
<variable name="rva" units="mmHg"/>
<variable name="lvb" units="mmHg"/>
<variable name="rvb" units="mmHg"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>F_PV</ci>
<piecewise>
<piece>
<cn cellml:units="flow">0</cn>
<apply>
<lt/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>P_PV</ci>
<ci>P_LV</ci>
</apply>
<ci>R_PV</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="flow">0</cn>
</apply>
</piece>
<otherwise>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>P_PV</ci>
<ci>P_LV</ci>
</apply>
<ci>R_PV</ci>
</apply>
</otherwise>
</piecewise>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>F_LO</ci>
<piecewise>
<piece>
<cn cellml:units="flow">0</cn>
<apply>
<lt/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>P_LV</ci>
<ci>P_AO</ci>
</apply>
<ci>R_LO</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="flow">0</cn>
</apply>
</piece>
<otherwise>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>P_LV</ci>
<ci>P_AO</ci>
</apply>
<ci>R_LO</ci>
</apply>
</otherwise>
</piecewise>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>F_AO</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>P_AO</ci>
<ci>P_A</ci>
</apply>
<ci>R_AO</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>F_A</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>P_A</ci>
<ci>P_V</ci>
</apply>
<ci>R_A</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>F_V</ci>
<piecewise>
<piece>
<cn cellml:units="flow">0</cn>
<apply>
<lt/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>P_V</ci>
<ci>P_RV</ci>
</apply>
<ci>R_V</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="flow">0</cn>
</apply>
</piece>
<otherwise>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>P_V</ci>
<ci>P_RV</ci>
</apply>
<ci>R_V</ci>
</apply>
</otherwise>
</piecewise>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>F_RO</ci>
<piecewise>
<piece>
<cn cellml:units="flow">0</cn>
<apply>
<lt/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>P_RV</ci>
<ci>P_PA</ci>
</apply>
<ci>R_V</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="flow">0</cn>
</apply>
</piece>
<otherwise>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>P_RV</ci>
<ci>P_PA</ci>
</apply>
<ci>R_V</ci>
</apply>
</otherwise>
</piecewise>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>F_PA</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>P_PA</ci>
<ci>P_PV</ci>
</apply>
<ci>R_PA</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Vs_LV</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>F_PV</ci>
<ci>F_LO</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Vs_AO</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>F_LO</ci>
<ci>F_AO</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Vs_A</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>F_AO</ci>
<ci>F_A</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Vs_V</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>F_A</ci>
<ci>F_V</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Vs_RV</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>F_V</ci>
<ci>F_RO</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Vs_PA</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>F_RO</ci>
<ci>F_PA</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Vs_PV</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>F_PA</ci>
<ci>F_PV</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>P_A</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>Vs_A</ci>
<ci>C_A</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>P_AO</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>Vs_AO</ci>
<ci>C_AO</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>P_V</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>Vs_V</ci>
<ci>C_V</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>P_PA</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>Vs_PA</ci>
<ci>C_PA</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>P_PV</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>Vs_PV</ci>
<ci>C_PV</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>V_LV</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Vs_LV</ci>
<ci>V_LV0</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>V_A</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Vs_A</ci>
<ci>V_A0</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>V_AO</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Vs_AO</ci>
<ci>V_AO0</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>V_V</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Vs_V</ci>
<ci>V_V0</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>V_RV</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Vs_RV</ci>
<ci>V_RV0</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>V_PA</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Vs_PA</ci>
<ci>V_PA0</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>V_PV</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Vs_PV</ci>
<ci>V_PV0</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>lva</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>EmaxLV</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V_LV</ci>
<ci>Vs_LV</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>rva</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>EmaxRV</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V_RV</ci>
<ci>Vs_RV</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>lvb</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>P0lv</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>kelv</ci>
<ci>V_LV</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>rvb</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>P0rv</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>kerv</ci>
<ci>V_RV</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>P_RV</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>P_LV</ci>
<ci>lvb</ci>
</apply>
<ci>rva</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>lva</ci>
<ci>lvb</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>lva</ci>
<ci>P_LV</ci>
</apply>
<ci>rvb</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>lva</ci>
<ci>lvb</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="circulation" component_2="time"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="circulation" component_2="NL_model"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V_LV" variable_2="V_LV"/>
<map_variables variable_1="P_LV" variable_2="P_LV"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="NL_model" component_2="Cai"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Cai" variable_2="Cai"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="NL_model" component_2="time"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="stimulus_protocol" component_2="default_parameters"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Am" variable_2="Am"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="K1_gate" component_2="EK"/>
<map_variables variable_1="E_K" variable_2="reversal_potential"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="r_gate" component_2="membrane_potential"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="s_gate" component_2="membrane_potential"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="Xr1_gate" component_2="membrane_potential"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="Xr2_gate" component_2="membrane_potential"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="Xs_gate" component_2="membrane_potential"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="d_gate" component_2="membrane_potential"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="f_gate" component_2="membrane_potential"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="fCa_gate" component_2="membrane_potential"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="g_gate" component_2="membrane_potential"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="g_gate" component_2="Cai"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Cai" variable_2="Cai"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="g_gate" component_2="default_parameters"/>
<map_variables variable_1="tau_g" variable_2="tau_g"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="membrane_potential" component_2="time"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="default_parameters" component_2="membrane_potential"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Cm" variable_2="Cm"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="total_membrane_current" component_2="additional_currents"/>
<map_variables variable_1="ICa_additional" variable_2="ICa_additional"/>
<map_variables variable_1="INa_additional" variable_2="INa_additional"/>
<map_variables variable_1="IK_additional" variable_2="IK_additional"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="default_parameters" component_2="K_flux"/>
<map_variables variable_1="vC" variable_2="vC"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Am" variable_2="Am"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="additional_currents" component_2="K_flux"/>
<map_variables variable_1="IK_additional" variable_2="IK_additional"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="default_parameters" component_2="Na_flux"/>
<map_variables variable_1="vC" variable_2="vC"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Am" variable_2="Am"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="additional_currents" component_2="Na_flux"/>
<map_variables variable_1="INa_additional" variable_2="INa_additional"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="default_parameters" component_2="Ca_flux"/>
<map_variables variable_1="vC" variable_2="vC"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Am" variable_2="Am"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="additional_currents" component_2="Ca_flux"/>
<map_variables variable_1="ICa_additional" variable_2="ICa_additional"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="Ca_SR_flux" component_2="additional_currents"/>
<map_variables variable_1="JCaSR_additional" variable_2="JCaSR_additional"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="INa" component_2="time"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="default_parameters" component_2="INa"/>
<map_variables variable_1="g_Na" variable_2="g_Na"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="IK1" component_2="default_parameters"/>
<map_variables variable_1="g_K1" variable_2="g_K1"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Ko" variable_2="Ko"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="default_parameters" component_2="Ito"/>
<map_variables variable_1="g_to" variable_2="g_to"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="Ito" component_2="time"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="default_parameters" component_2="IKr"/>
<map_variables variable_1="g_Kr" variable_2="g_Kr"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Ko" variable_2="Ko"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="IKr" component_2="time"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="default_parameters" component_2="IKs"/>
<map_variables variable_1="g_Ks" variable_2="g_Ks"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="IKs" component_2="time"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="default_parameters" component_2="INaK"/>
<map_variables variable_1="P_NaK" variable_2="P_NaK"/>
<map_variables variable_1="K_mNa" variable_2="K_mNa"/>
<map_variables variable_1="K_mK" variable_2="K_mK"/>
<map_variables variable_1="temperature" variable_2="T"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Ko" variable_2="Ko"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="default_parameters" component_2="IpK"/>
<map_variables variable_1="g_pK" variable_2="g_pK"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="default_parameters" component_2="IbNa"/>
<map_variables variable_1="g_bNa" variable_2="g_bNa"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="default_parameters" component_2="ICaL"/>
<map_variables variable_1="g_CaL" variable_2="g_CaL"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Cao" variable_2="Cao"/>
<map_variables variable_1="temperature" variable_2="T"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="ICaL" component_2="time"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="default_parameters" component_2="IpCa"/>
<map_variables variable_1="g_pCa" variable_2="g_pCa"/>
<map_variables variable_1="K_pCa" variable_2="K_pCa"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="default_parameters" component_2="INaCa"/>
<map_variables variable_1="k_NaCa" variable_2="k_NaCa"/>
<map_variables variable_1="K_mNai" variable_2="K_mNai"/>
<map_variables variable_1="K_mCa" variable_2="K_mCa"/>
<map_variables variable_1="k_sat" variable_2="k_sat"/>
<map_variables variable_1="gamma" variable_2="gamma"/>
<map_variables variable_1="alpha" variable_2="alpha"/>
<map_variables variable_1="temperature" variable_2="T"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Nao" variable_2="Nao"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Cao" variable_2="Cao"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="default_parameters" component_2="IbCa"/>
<map_variables variable_1="g_bCa" variable_2="g_bCa"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="default_parameters" component_2="ENa"/>
<map_variables variable_1="temperature" variable_2="T"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Nao" variable_2="extracellular_concentration"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="default_parameters" component_2="EK"/>
<map_variables variable_1="temperature" variable_2="T"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Ko" variable_2="extracellular_concentration"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="default_parameters" component_2="ECa"/>
<map_variables variable_1="temperature" variable_2="T"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Cao" variable_2="extracellular_concentration"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="default_parameters" component_2="EKs"/>
<map_variables variable_1="temperature" variable_2="T"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Ko" variable_2="extracellular_concentration_1"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Nao" variable_2="extracellular_concentration_2"/>
<map_variables variable_1="p_KNa" variable_2="multiplier_2"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="time" component_2="Nai"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="time" component_2="Ki"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="Cai" component_2="default_parameters"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Bufc" variable_2="Bufc"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Kbufc" variable_2="Kbufc"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Bufsr" variable_2="Bufsr"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Kbufsr" variable_2="Kbufsr"/>
<map_variables variable_1="vSR" variable_2="vSR"/>
<map_variables variable_1="vC" variable_2="vC"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Am" variable_2="Am"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Capacitance" variable_2="Cm"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="Cai" component_2="time"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="Jleak" component_2="default_parameters"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V_leak" variable_2="V_leak"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="default_parameters" component_2="Jup"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Vmax_up" variable_2="Vmax_up"/>
<map_variables variable_1="K_up" variable_2="K_up"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="default_parameters" component_2="Jrel"/>
<map_variables variable_1="a_rel" variable_2="a_rel"/>
<map_variables variable_1="b_rel" variable_2="b_rel"/>
<map_variables variable_1="c_rel" variable_2="c_rel"/>
<map_variables variable_1="tau_g" variable_2="tau_g"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="Jrel" component_2="time"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="m_gate" component_2="time"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="m_gate" component_2="membrane_potential"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="h_gate" component_2="time"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="h_gate" component_2="membrane_potential"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="j_gate" component_2="time"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="j_gate" component_2="membrane_potential"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="K1_gate" component_2="membrane_potential"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="r_gate" component_2="time"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="s_gate" component_2="time"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="Xr1_gate" component_2="time"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="Xr2_gate" component_2="time"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="Xs_gate" component_2="time"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="d_gate" component_2="time"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="f_gate" component_2="time"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="fCa_gate" component_2="time"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="g_gate" component_2="time"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="time" component_2="stimulus_protocol"/>
<map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="additional_currents" component_2="stimulus_protocol"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Istim" variable_2="IStim"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="membrane_potential" component_2="default_initial_conditions"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V_initial" variable_2="V_initial"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="membrane_potential" component_2="total_membrane_current"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Itotal" variable_2="Itotal"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="membrane_potential" component_2="INa"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="membrane_potential" component_2="IK1"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="membrane_potential" component_2="IKr"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="membrane_potential" component_2="IKs"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="membrane_potential" component_2="INaK"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="membrane_potential" component_2="IpK"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="membrane_potential" component_2="IbNa"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="membrane_potential" component_2="ICaL"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="membrane_potential" component_2="INaCa"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="membrane_potential" component_2="IbCa"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="membrane_potential" component_2="Jrel"/>
<map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="total_membrane_current" component_2="INa"/>
<map_variables variable_1="INa" variable_2="INa"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="total_membrane_current" component_2="IK1"/>
<map_variables variable_1="IK1" variable_2="IK1"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="total_membrane_current" component_2="Ito"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Ito" variable_2="Ito"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="total_membrane_current" component_2="IKr"/>
<map_variables variable_1="IKr" variable_2="IKr"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="total_membrane_current" component_2="IKs"/>
<map_variables variable_1="IKs" variable_2="IKs"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="total_membrane_current" component_2="INaK"/>
<map_variables variable_1="INaK" variable_2="INaK"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="total_membrane_current" component_2="IpK"/>
<map_variables variable_1="IpK" variable_2="IpK"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="total_membrane_current" component_2="IbNa"/>
<map_variables variable_1="IbNa" variable_2="IbNa"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="total_membrane_current" component_2="ICaL"/>
<map_variables variable_1="ICaL" variable_2="ICaL"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="total_membrane_current" component_2="IpCa"/>
<map_variables variable_1="IpCa" variable_2="IpCa"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="total_membrane_current" component_2="INaCa"/>
<map_variables variable_1="INaCa" variable_2="INaCa"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="total_membrane_current" component_2="IbCa"/>
<map_variables variable_1="IbCa" variable_2="IbCa"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="INa" component_2="ENa"/>
<map_variables variable_1="E_Na" variable_2="reversal_potential"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="INaK" component_2="ENa"/>
<map_variables variable_1="F" variable_2="F"/>
<map_variables variable_1="R" variable_2="R"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="IbNa" component_2="ENa"/>
<map_variables variable_1="E_Na" variable_2="reversal_potential"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="INaCa" component_2="ENa"/>
<map_variables variable_1="F" variable_2="F"/>
<map_variables variable_1="R" variable_2="R"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="ENa" component_2="Nai"/>
<map_variables variable_1="intracellular_concentration" variable_2="Nai"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="ENa" component_2="Na_flux"/>
<map_variables variable_1="F" variable_2="F"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="Nai" component_2="Na_flux"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Na_flux" variable_2="Na_flux"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="Na_flux" component_2="INa"/>
<map_variables variable_1="INa" variable_2="INa"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_1="Nai" component_2="INaK"/>
<map_variables variable_1="Nai" variable_2="Nai"/>
</connection>
<connection>
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<connection>
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<connection>
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A new multi-scale simulation model of the circulation: from cells to system
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