- Author:
- Catherine Lloyd <c.lloyd@auckland.ac.nz>
- Date:
- 2010-07-08 05:16:38+12:00
- Desc:
- Removed redundant old versions of the model. Updated the documentation of the remaining four models and added meaningful names to the metadata.
- Permanent Source URI:
- https://models.physiomeproject.org/workspace/pandit_clark_giles_demir_2001/rawfile/03f7147d47aa58c3fc524ab0e7340c6a67ee2e34/pandit_clark_giles_demir_2001_epicardial_cell.cellml
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This CellML file was generated on 13/06/2008 at 1:52:31 at p.m. using:
COR (0.9.31.981)
Copyright 2002-2008 Dr Alan Garny
http://COR.physiol.ox.ac.uk/ - COR@physiol.ox.ac.uk
CellML 1.0 was used to generate this model
http://www.CellML.org/
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<articleinfo>
<title>Adult Rat Left Ventricular Myocyte Model, 2001</title>
<author>
<firstname>Catherine</firstname>
<surname>Lloyd</surname>
<affiliation>
<shortaffil>Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland</shortaffil>
</affiliation>
</author>
</articleinfo>
<section id="sec_status">
<title>Model Status</title>
<para>
This CellML version of the model represents the epicardial cell. In addition to the formulation given by the paper and the author's later Corrections document, the IStim current has been adjusted to produce 1 Hz stimulations for 10 seconds.
</para>
</section>
<sect1 id="sec_structure">
<title>Model Structure</title>
<para>
ABSTRACT: Mathematical models were developed to reconstruct the action potentials (AP) recorded in epicardial and endocardial myocytes isolated from the adult rat left ventricle. The main goal was to obtain additional insight into the ionic mechanisms responsible for the transmural AP heterogeneity. The simulation results support the hypothesis that the smaller density and the slower reactivation kinetics of the Ca(2+)-independent transient outward K(+) current (I(t)) in the endocardial myocytes can account for the longer action potential duration (APD), and more prominent rate dependence in that cell type. The larger density of the Na(+) current (I(Na)) in the endocardial myocytes results in a faster upstroke (dV/dt(max)). This, in addition to the smaller magnitude of I(t), is responsible for the larger peak overshoot of the simulated endocardial AP. The prolonged APD in the endocardial cell also leads to an enhanced amplitude of the sustained K(+) current (I(ss)), and a larger influx of Ca(2+) ions via the L-type Ca(2+) current (I(CaL)). The latter results in an increased sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) load, which is mainly responsible for the higher peak systolic value of the Ca(2+) transient [Ca(2+)](i), and the resultant increase in the Na(+)-Ca(2+) exchanger (I(NaCa)) activity, associated with the simulated endocardial AP. In combination, these calculations provide novel, quantitative insights into the repolarization process and its naturally occurring transmural variations in the rat left ventricle.
</para>
<para>
The original paper reference is cited below:
</para>
<para>
A Mathematical Model of Action Potential Heterogeneity in Adult Rat Left Ventricular Myocytes, Sandeep V. Pandit, Robert B. Clark, Wayne R. Giles and Semahat S. Demir, 2001, <emphasis>Biophysical Journal</emphasis>, 81, 3029-3051.<ulink url="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11720973">PubMed ID: 11720973</ulink>
</para>
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<caption>A fluid compartment model of the rat epicardial/endocardial ventricular cell.</caption>
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<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>d_max</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">15.3</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">5</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>tau_d</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="second">0.00305</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt2">0.0045</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">7</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="second">0.00105</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt2">0.002</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">18</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="second">0.00025</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>d</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>d_max</ci>
<ci>d</ci>
</apply>
<ci>tau_d</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="L_type_Ca_channel_f_11_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="f_11" initial_value="0.9999529"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="f_11_max"/>
<variable units="second" name="tau_f_11"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>f_11_max</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">26.7</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">5.4</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>tau_f_11</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="second">0.105</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">45</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">12</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="second">0.04</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">25</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">25</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="second">0.015</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">75</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">25</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="second">0.0017</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>f_11</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>f_11_max</ci>
<ci>f_11</ci>
</apply>
<ci>tau_f_11</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="L_type_Ca_channel_f_12_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="f_12" initial_value="0.9999529"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="f_12_max"/>
<variable units="second" name="tau_f_12"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>f_12_max</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">26.7</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">5.4</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>tau_f_12</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="second">0.041</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">47</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">12</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="second">0.08</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">55</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">5</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="second">0.015</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">75</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">25</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="second">0.0017</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>f_12</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>f_12_max</ci>
<ci>f_12</ci>
</apply>
<ci>tau_f_12</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="L_type_Ca_channel_Ca_inact_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="Ca_inact" initial_value="0.9913102"/>
<variable units="second" name="tau_Ca_inact" initial_value="0.009"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="Ca_inact_max"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_ss"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>Ca_inact_max</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>Ca_ss</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millimolar">0.01</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Ca_inact</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>Ca_inact_max</ci>
<ci>Ca_inact</ci>
</apply>
<ci>tau_Ca_inact</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="Ca_independent_transient_outward_K_current">
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="out" name="i_t" cmeta:id="Ca_independent_transient_outward_K_current_i_t"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="out" name="E_K"/>
<variable units="microS" name="g_t" initial_value="0.035"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="a" initial_value="0.886"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="b" initial_value="0.114"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="time"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="V"/>
<variable units="millijoule_per_mole_kelvin" public_interface="in" name="R"/>
<variable units="coulomb_per_mole" public_interface="in" name="F"/>
<variable units="kelvin" public_interface="in" name="T"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="K_o"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="K_i"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="r"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="s"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="s_slow"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>E_K</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<ln/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>K_o</ci>
<ci>K_i</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_t</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_t</ci>
<ci>r</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>a</ci>
<ci>s</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>b</ci>
<ci>s_slow</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_K</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="Ca_independent_transient_outward_K_current_r_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="r" initial_value="0.002191519"/>
<variable units="second" name="tau_r"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="r_max"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>r_max</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">10.6</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">11.42</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>tau_r</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="second">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">45.16</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.03577</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">98.9</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.1</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">38</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>r</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>r_max</ci>
<ci>r</ci>
</apply>
<ci>tau_r</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="Ca_independent_transient_outward_K_current_s_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="s" initial_value="0.9842542"/>
<variable units="second" name="tau_s"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="s_max"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>s_max</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">45.3</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">6.8841</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>tau_s</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="second">0.35</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">70</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">15</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="second">0.035</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>s</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>s_max</ci>
<ci>s</ci>
</apply>
<ci>tau_s</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="Ca_independent_transient_outward_K_current_s_slow_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="s_slow" initial_value="0.6421196"/>
<variable units="second" name="tau_s_slow"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="s_slow_max"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>s_slow_max</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">45.3</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">6.8841</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>tau_s_slow</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="second">3.7</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">70</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">30</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="second">0.035</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>s_slow</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>s_slow_max</ci>
<ci>s_slow</ci>
</apply>
<ci>tau_s_slow</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="steady_state_outward_K_current">
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="out" name="i_ss" cmeta:id="steady_state_outward_K_current_i_ss"/>
<variable units="microS" name="g_ss" initial_value="0.007"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="time"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="V"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="E_K"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="r_ss"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="s_ss"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_ss</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_ss</ci>
<ci>r_ss</ci>
<ci>s_ss</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_K</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="steady_state_outward_K_current_r_ss_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="r_ss" initial_value="0.002907171"/>
<variable units="second" name="tau_r_ss"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="r_ss_max"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>r_ss_max</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">11.5</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">11.82</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>tau_r_ss</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="second">10</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">45.16</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.03577</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">50</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">98.9</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.1</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">38</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>r_ss</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>r_ss_max</ci>
<ci>r_ss</ci>
</apply>
<ci>tau_r_ss</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="steady_state_outward_K_current_s_ss_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="s_ss" initial_value="0.3142767"/>
<variable units="second" name="tau_s_ss"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="s_ss_max"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>s_ss_max</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">87.5</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">10.3</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>tau_s_ss</ci>
<cn cellml:units="second">2.1</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>s_ss</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>s_ss_max</ci>
<ci>s_ss</ci>
</apply>
<ci>tau_s_ss</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="inward_rectifier">
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="out" name="i_K1" cmeta:id="inward_rectifier_i_K1"/>
<variable units="microS" name="g_K1" initial_value="0.024"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="millijoule_per_mole_kelvin" public_interface="in" name="R"/>
<variable units="coulomb_per_mole" public_interface="in" name="F"/>
<variable units="kelvin" public_interface="in" name="T"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="K_o"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="K_i"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="E_K"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_K1</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="nanoA">48</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">37</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">25</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">37</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">25</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="nanoA">10</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.001</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>E_K</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">76.77</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">17</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_K1</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>E_K</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">1.73</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1.613</cn>
<ci>F</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>E_K</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">1.73</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>K_o</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millimolar">0.9988</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="millimolar">0.124</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="hyperpolarisation_activated_current">
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="out" name="i_f" cmeta:id="hyperpolarisation_activated_current_i_f"/>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="out" name="i_f_Na"/>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="out" name="i_f_K"/>
<variable units="microS" name="g_f" initial_value="0.00145"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="f_Na" initial_value="0.2"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="f_K"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="time"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" private_interface="out" name="V"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="E_K"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="E_Na"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" private_interface="in" name="y"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>f_K</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>f_Na</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_f_Na</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_f</ci>
<ci>y</ci>
<ci>f_Na</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_Na</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_f_K</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_f</ci>
<ci>y</ci>
<ci>f_K</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_K</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_f</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>i_f_Na</ci>
<ci>i_f_K</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="hyperpolarisation_activated_current_y_gate">
<variable units="dimensionless" public_interface="out" name="y" initial_value="0.003578708"/>
<variable units="second" name="tau_y"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="y_infinity"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>y_infinity</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">138.6</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">10.48</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>tau_y</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="second">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.11885</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">80</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">28.37</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.5623</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">80</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="millivolt">14.19</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>y</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>y_infinity</ci>
<ci>y</ci>
</apply>
<ci>tau_y</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="background_currents">
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="out" name="i_B" cmeta:id="background_currents_i_B"/>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="out" name="i_B_Na"/>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="out" name="i_B_Ca"/>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="out" name="i_B_K"/>
<variable units="microS" name="g_B_Na" initial_value="0.00008015"/>
<variable units="microS" name="g_B_Ca" initial_value="0.0000324"/>
<variable units="microS" name="g_B_K" initial_value="0.000138"/>
<variable units="millivolt" name="E_Ca" initial_value="65"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="E_Na"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="E_K"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_o"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_i"/>
<variable units="millijoule_per_mole_kelvin" public_interface="in" name="R"/>
<variable units="kelvin" public_interface="in" name="T"/>
<variable units="coulomb_per_mole" public_interface="in" name="F"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_B_Na</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_B_Na</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_Na</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_B_Ca</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_B_Ca</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_Ca</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_B_K</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>g_B_K</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>E_K</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_B</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>i_B_Na</ci>
<ci>i_B_Ca</ci>
<ci>i_B_K</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="sodium_potassium_pump">
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="out" name="i_NaK" cmeta:id="sodium_potassium_pump_i_NaK"/>
<variable units="nanoA" name="i_NaK_max" initial_value="0.08"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_m_K" initial_value="1.5"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_m_Na" initial_value="10"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="sigma"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="K_o"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Na_o"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Na_i"/>
<variable units="millijoule_per_mole_kelvin" public_interface="in" name="R"/>
<variable units="coulomb_per_mole" public_interface="in" name="F"/>
<variable units="kelvin" public_interface="in" name="T"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>sigma</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>Na_o</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millimolar">67.3</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">7</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_NaK</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>i_NaK_max</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.1245</cn>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.1</cn>
</apply>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.0365</cn>
<ci>sigma</ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>V</ci>
</apply>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>R</ci>
<ci>T</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>K_o</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>K_o</ci>
<ci>K_m_K</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>K_m_Na</ci>
<ci>Na_i</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1.5</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="sarcolemmal_calcium_pump_current">
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="out" name="i_Ca_P" cmeta:id="sarcolemmal_calcium_pump_current_i_Ca_P"/>
<variable units="nanoA" name="i_Ca_P_max" initial_value="0.004"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_i"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_Ca_P</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>i_Ca_P_max</ci>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
<cn cellml:units="millimolar">0.0004</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="Na_Ca_ion_exchanger_current">
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="out" name="i_NaCa" cmeta:id="Na_Ca_ion_exchanger_current_i_NaCa"/>
<variable units="nanoA_per_millimolar4" name="K_NaCa" initial_value="0.000009984"/>
<variable units="per_millimolar4" name="d_NaCa" initial_value="0.0001"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="gamma_NaCa" initial_value="0.5"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Na_i"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Na_o"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_i"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_o"/>
<variable units="millivolt" public_interface="in" name="V"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>i_NaCa</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>K_NaCa</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>Na_i</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
</apply>
<ci>Ca_o</ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.03743</cn>
<ci>V</ci>
<ci>gamma_NaCa</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>Na_o</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
</apply>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
<apply>
<exp/>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="per_millivolt">0.03743</cn>
<ci>V</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>gamma_NaCa</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>d_NaCa</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>Na_o</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Ca_o</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>Na_i</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="SR_Ca_release_channel">
<variable units="millimolar_per_second" public_interface="out" name="J_rel" cmeta:id="SR_Ca_release_channel_J_rel"/>
<variable units="per_second" name="v1" initial_value="1.8e3"/>
<variable units="per_millimolar4_per_second" name="k_a_plus" initial_value="12.15e12"/>
<variable units="per_second" name="k_a_minus" initial_value="576"/>
<variable units="per_millimolar3_per_second" name="k_b_plus" initial_value="4.05e9"/>
<variable units="per_second" name="k_b_minus" initial_value="1930"/>
<variable units="per_second" name="k_c_plus" initial_value="100"/>
<variable units="per_second" name="k_c_minus" initial_value="0.8"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="P_O1" initial_value="0.0004327548"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="P_O2" initial_value="0.000000000606254"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="P_C1" initial_value="0.6348229"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="P_C2" initial_value="0.3647471"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_ss"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_JSR"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>P_C1</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>k_a_plus</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>Ca_ss</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">4</cn>
</apply>
<ci>P_C1</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k_a_minus</ci>
<ci>P_O1</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>P_O1</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k_a_plus</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>Ca_ss</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">4</cn>
</apply>
<ci>P_C1</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k_a_minus</ci>
<ci>P_O1</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k_b_plus</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>Ca_ss</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
</apply>
<ci>P_O1</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k_c_plus</ci>
<ci>P_O1</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k_b_minus</ci>
<ci>P_O2</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k_c_minus</ci>
<ci>P_C2</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>P_O2</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k_b_plus</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci>Ca_ss</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
</apply>
<ci>P_O1</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k_b_minus</ci>
<ci>P_O2</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>P_C2</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k_c_plus</ci>
<ci>P_O1</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k_c_minus</ci>
<ci>P_C2</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>J_rel</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>v1</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>P_O1</ci>
<ci>P_O2</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>Ca_JSR</ci>
<ci>Ca_ss</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="SERCA2a_pump">
<variable units="millimolar_per_second" public_interface="out" name="J_up" cmeta:id="SERCA2a_pump_J_up"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_fb" initial_value="0.000168"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_rb" initial_value="3.29"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="fb"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="rb"/>
<variable units="millimolar_per_second" name="Vmaxf" initial_value="0.04"/>
<variable units="millimolar_per_second" name="Vmaxr" initial_value="0.9"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="K_SR" initial_value="1"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="N_fb" initial_value="1.2"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="N_rb" initial_value="1"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_i"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_NSR"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>fb</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
<ci>K_fb</ci>
</apply>
<ci>N_fb</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>rb</ci>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>Ca_NSR</ci>
<ci>K_rb</ci>
</apply>
<ci>N_rb</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>J_up</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>K_SR</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Vmaxf</ci>
<ci>fb</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>Vmaxr</ci>
<ci>rb</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<ci>fb</ci>
<ci>rb</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="intracellular_and_SR_Ca_fluxes">
<variable units="millimolar_per_second" public_interface="out" name="J_tr"/>
<variable units="millimolar_per_second" public_interface="out" name="J_xfer" cmeta:id="intracellular_and_SR_Ca_fluxes_J_xfer"/>
<variable units="millimolar_per_second" public_interface="out" name="J_trpn"/>
<variable units="second" name="tau_tr" initial_value="0.0005747"/>
<variable units="second" name="tau_xfer" initial_value="0.0267"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="HTRPNCa" initial_value="1.394301e-1"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="LTRPNCa" initial_value="5.1619e-3"/>
<variable units="millimolar_per_second" name="J_HTRPNCa"/>
<variable units="millimolar_per_second" name="J_LTRPNCa"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="HTRPN_tot" initial_value="0.14"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="LTRPN_tot" initial_value="0.07"/>
<variable units="per_millimolar_per_second" name="k_htrpn_plus" initial_value="200000"/>
<variable units="per_second" name="k_htrpn_minus" initial_value="0.066"/>
<variable units="per_millimolar_per_second" name="k_ltrpn_plus" initial_value="40000"/>
<variable units="per_second" name="k_ltrpn_minus" initial_value="40"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_ss"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_i"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_NSR"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="in" name="Ca_JSR"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>J_tr</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>Ca_NSR</ci>
<ci>Ca_JSR</ci>
</apply>
<ci>tau_tr</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>J_xfer</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>Ca_ss</ci>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
</apply>
<ci>tau_xfer</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>J_HTRPNCa</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k_htrpn_plus</ci>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>HTRPN_tot</ci>
<ci>HTRPNCa</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k_htrpn_minus</ci>
<ci>HTRPNCa</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>HTRPNCa</ci>
</apply>
<ci>J_HTRPNCa</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>J_LTRPNCa</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k_ltrpn_plus</ci>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>LTRPN_tot</ci>
<ci>LTRPNCa</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>k_ltrpn_minus</ci>
<ci>LTRPNCa</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>LTRPNCa</ci>
</apply>
<ci>J_LTRPNCa</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>J_trpn</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>J_HTRPNCa</ci>
<ci>J_LTRPNCa</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="intracellular_ion_concentrations">
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="Na_i" initial_value="10.73519"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="Ca_i" initial_value="0.00007901351"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="K_i" initial_value="139.2751"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="Ca_ss" initial_value="0.00008737212"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="Ca_JSR" initial_value="0.06607948"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="Ca_NSR" initial_value="0.06600742"/>
<variable units="micro_litre" name="V_myo" initial_value="9.36e-6"/>
<variable units="micro_litre" name="V_JSR" initial_value="5.6e-8"/>
<variable units="micro_litre" name="V_NSR" initial_value="5.04e-7"/>
<variable units="micro_litre" name="V_SS" initial_value="1.2e-9"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_mCMDN" initial_value="0.00238"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_mCSQN" initial_value="0.8"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="K_mEGTA" initial_value="0.00015"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="CMDN_tot" initial_value="0.05"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="CSQN_tot" initial_value="15"/>
<variable units="millimolar" name="EGTA_tot" initial_value="10"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="beta_i"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="beta_SS"/>
<variable units="dimensionless" name="beta_JSR"/>
<variable units="second" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<variable units="coulomb_per_mole" public_interface="in" name="F"/>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_Na"/>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_Ca_L"/>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_B_Na"/>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_NaCa"/>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_NaK"/>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_f_Na"/>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_f_K"/>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_B_K"/>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_K1"/>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_t"/>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_ss"/>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_Ca_P"/>
<variable units="nanoA" public_interface="in" name="i_B_Ca"/>
<variable units="millimolar_per_second" public_interface="in" name="J_up"/>
<variable units="millimolar_per_second" public_interface="in" name="J_rel"/>
<variable units="millimolar_per_second" public_interface="in" name="J_xfer"/>
<variable units="millimolar_per_second" public_interface="in" name="J_trpn"/>
<variable units="millimolar_per_second" public_interface="in" name="J_tr"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>beta_i</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>CMDN_tot</ci>
<ci>K_mCMDN</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>K_mCMDN</ci>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>EGTA_tot</ci>
<ci>K_mEGTA</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>K_mEGTA</ci>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>beta_SS</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>CMDN_tot</ci>
<ci>K_mCMDN</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>K_mCMDN</ci>
<ci>Ca_ss</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<ci>beta_JSR</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>CSQN_tot</ci>
<ci>K_mCSQN</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<power/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>K_mCSQN</ci>
<ci>Ca_JSR</ci>
</apply>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Ca_i</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>beta_i</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>J_xfer</ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>J_up</ci>
<ci>J_trpn</ci>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>i_B_Ca</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
<ci>i_NaCa</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci>i_Ca_P</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
<ci>V_myo</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Na_i</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>i_Na</ci>
<ci>i_B_Na</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>i_NaCa</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>i_NaK</ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">3</cn>
</apply>
<ci>i_f_Na</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>V_myo</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>K_i</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci>i_ss</ci>
<ci>i_B_K</ci>
<ci>i_t</ci>
<ci>i_K1</ci>
<ci>i_f_K</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>i_NaK</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>V_myo</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Ca_ss</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>beta_SS</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>J_rel</ci>
<ci>V_JSR</ci>
</apply>
<ci>V_SS</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>J_xfer</ci>
<ci>V_myo</ci>
</apply>
<ci>V_SS</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci>i_Ca_L</ci>
<apply>
<times/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
<ci>V_SS</ci>
<ci>F</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Ca_JSR</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>beta_JSR</ci>
<apply>
<minus/>
<ci>J_tr</ci>
<ci>J_rel</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>Ca_NSR</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>J_up</ci>
<ci>V_myo</ci>
</apply>
<ci>V_NSR</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci>J_tr</ci>
<ci>V_JSR</ci>
</apply>
<ci>V_NSR</ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component name="standard_ionic_concentrations">
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="Na_o" initial_value="140"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="Ca_o" initial_value="1.2"/>
<variable units="millimolar" public_interface="out" name="K_o" initial_value="5.4"/>
</component>
<group>
<relationship_ref relationship="encapsulation"/>
<component_ref component="sodium_current">
<component_ref component="sodium_current_m_gate"/>
<component_ref component="sodium_current_h_gate"/>
<component_ref component="sodium_current_j_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="L_type_Ca_channel">
<component_ref component="L_type_Ca_channel_d_gate"/>
<component_ref component="L_type_Ca_channel_f_11_gate"/>
<component_ref component="L_type_Ca_channel_f_12_gate"/>
<component_ref component="L_type_Ca_channel_Ca_inact_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="Ca_independent_transient_outward_K_current">
<component_ref component="Ca_independent_transient_outward_K_current_r_gate"/>
<component_ref component="Ca_independent_transient_outward_K_current_s_gate"/>
<component_ref component="Ca_independent_transient_outward_K_current_s_slow_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="steady_state_outward_K_current">
<component_ref component="steady_state_outward_K_current_r_ss_gate"/>
<component_ref component="steady_state_outward_K_current_s_ss_gate"/>
</component_ref>
<component_ref component="hyperpolarisation_activated_current">
<component_ref component="hyperpolarisation_activated_current_y_gate"/>
</component_ref>
</group>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="sodium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="L_type_Ca_channel"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="Ca_independent_transient_outward_K_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="steady_state_outward_K_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="inward_rectifier"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="hyperpolarisation_activated_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="sarcolemmal_calcium_pump_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="Na_Ca_ion_exchanger_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="SR_Ca_release_channel"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="SERCA2a_pump"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="intracellular_and_SR_Ca_fluxes"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="environment" component_1="intracellular_ion_concentrations"/>
<map_variables variable_2="time" variable_1="time"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="sodium_current" component_1="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
<map_variables variable_2="R" variable_1="R"/>
<map_variables variable_2="T" variable_1="T"/>
<map_variables variable_2="F" variable_1="F"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_Na" variable_1="i_Na"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="L_type_Ca_channel" component_1="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_Ca_L" variable_1="i_Ca_L"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="Ca_independent_transient_outward_K_current" component_1="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_t" variable_1="i_t"/>
<map_variables variable_2="R" variable_1="R"/>
<map_variables variable_2="T" variable_1="T"/>
<map_variables variable_2="F" variable_1="F"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="steady_state_outward_K_current" component_1="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_ss" variable_1="i_ss"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="inward_rectifier" component_1="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_K1" variable_1="i_K1"/>
<map_variables variable_2="R" variable_1="R"/>
<map_variables variable_2="T" variable_1="T"/>
<map_variables variable_2="F" variable_1="F"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="hyperpolarisation_activated_current" component_1="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_f" variable_1="i_f"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="background_currents" component_1="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_B" variable_1="i_B"/>
<map_variables variable_2="R" variable_1="R"/>
<map_variables variable_2="T" variable_1="T"/>
<map_variables variable_2="F" variable_1="F"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="sodium_potassium_pump" component_1="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_NaK" variable_1="i_NaK"/>
<map_variables variable_2="R" variable_1="R"/>
<map_variables variable_2="T" variable_1="T"/>
<map_variables variable_2="F" variable_1="F"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="sarcolemmal_calcium_pump_current" component_1="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_Ca_P" variable_1="i_Ca_P"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="Na_Ca_ion_exchanger_current" component_1="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_2="V" variable_1="V"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_NaCa" variable_1="i_NaCa"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="membrane"/>
<map_variables variable_2="F" variable_1="F"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="sodium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_Na" variable_1="i_Na"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Na_i" variable_1="Na_i"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="background_currents" component_1="sodium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="E_Na" variable_1="E_Na"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="hyperpolarisation_activated_current" component_1="sodium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="E_Na" variable_1="E_Na"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="standard_ionic_concentrations" component_1="sodium_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Na_o" variable_1="Na_o"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="standard_ionic_concentrations" component_1="background_currents"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Ca_o" variable_1="Ca_o"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="L_type_Ca_channel"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_Ca_L" variable_1="i_Ca_L"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Ca_ss" variable_1="Ca_ss"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="Ca_independent_transient_outward_K_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_t" variable_1="i_t"/>
<map_variables variable_2="K_i" variable_1="K_i"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="steady_state_outward_K_current" component_1="Ca_independent_transient_outward_K_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="E_K" variable_1="E_K"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="inward_rectifier" component_1="Ca_independent_transient_outward_K_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="E_K" variable_1="E_K"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="hyperpolarisation_activated_current" component_1="Ca_independent_transient_outward_K_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="E_K" variable_1="E_K"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="background_currents" component_1="Ca_independent_transient_outward_K_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="E_K" variable_1="E_K"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="standard_ionic_concentrations" component_1="Ca_independent_transient_outward_K_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="K_o" variable_1="K_o"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="steady_state_outward_K_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_ss" variable_1="i_ss"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="inward_rectifier"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_K1" variable_1="i_K1"/>
<map_variables variable_2="K_i" variable_1="K_i"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="standard_ionic_concentrations" component_1="inward_rectifier"/>
<map_variables variable_2="K_o" variable_1="K_o"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="hyperpolarisation_activated_current"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_f_Na" variable_1="i_f_Na"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_f_K" variable_1="i_f_K"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="background_currents"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_B_Na" variable_1="i_B_Na"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_B_K" variable_1="i_B_K"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_B_Ca" variable_1="i_B_Ca"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Ca_i" variable_1="Ca_i"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="intracellular_ion_concentrations" component_1="sodium_potassium_pump"/>
<map_variables variable_2="i_NaK" variable_1="i_NaK"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Na_i" variable_1="Na_i"/>
</connection>
<connection>
<map_components component_2="standard_ionic_concentrations" component_1="sodium_potassium_pump"/>
<map_variables variable_2="K_o" variable_1="K_o"/>
<map_variables variable_2="Na_o" variable_1="Na_o"/>
</connection>
<connection>
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<rdf:value>Updated documentation image to full cell diagram.</rdf:value>
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<rdf:value>This model has been curated by Penny Noble of Oxford University</rdf:value>
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<dcterms:W3CDTF>2001-12-00 00:00</dcterms:W3CDTF>
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<rdf:value>Added some cmeta:id's to current and flux variables</rdf:value>
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<rdf:value>Summary of code changes from v07:
1. The inward rectifying current (Ik1) had a 0.0001 term in the numerator which has been changed to 0.001 to match the paper and corrections document.
2. Mmax, hmax, jmax, dmax, f11max, f12max, Caactmax, rmax, smax sslowmax, rssmax and sssmax were all called minfinity, hinfinity, jinfinity, dinfinity...etc. These have been changed to ...max variables for consistency internally and with the paper.
3. The Ryanodine equations had odd dimensionless units and terms which divide by 1 to make the units work. Here variables 'n' and 'm' were removed and the units set as per the original model of Keizer, J. and Levine, L. Ryanodine receptor adaptation and Ca2+(-)induced Ca2+ release-dependent Ca2+ oscillations. Biophys. J. 71,6, 3477-3487 (1996). This was after discussion with both Catherine Lloyd and Penny Noble. The units are now correct.
4. Units millimolar_4 was misnamed and is now per_millimolar4.
5. Units nanoA_millimolar_4 was misnamed and is now nanoA_per_millimolar4.
6. Not a change but just to note that this implementation has a 1Hz stimulus for 10 seconds built in.</rdf:value>
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<dcterms:W3CDTF>2007-01-16T00:00:00+00:00</dcterms:W3CDTF>
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<rdf:value>Several variables were given cmeta:id's to allow creation of a PCEnv session file.</rdf:value>
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<dcterms:W3CDTF>2007-01-16T14:20:00+13:00</dcterms:W3CDTF>
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<rdf:value>This version was created by Penny Noble of Oxford University and represents the EPICARDIAL CELL VARIANT. The model has been checked in COR.</rdf:value>
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<dcterms:W3CDTF>2008-07-01T16:01:54+12:00</dcterms:W3CDTF>
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<dcterms:W3CDTF>2007-06-22T14:17:56+12:00</dcterms:W3CDTF>
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<rdf:value>Added two differential equations to calculate HTRPNCa and LTRPNCa (the last two equations on page 3047 of the original paper). In doing so fixed the model to recreate the published results. Frank Sachse has checked this model in JSim and it also runs in this tool.</rdf:value>
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<vCard:Given>Catherine</vCard:Given>
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<vCard:Other>May</vCard:Other>
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<vCard:Given>Penny</vCard:Given>
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<dcterms:W3CDTF>2008-07-31T10:37:18+12:00</dcterms:W3CDTF>
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<dc:title>A Mathematical Model of Action Potential Heterogeneity in Adult Rat Left Ventricular Myocytes</dc:title>
<bqs:volume>81</bqs:volume>
<bqs:first_page>3029</bqs:first_page>
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<bqs:last_page>3051</bqs:last_page>
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<vCard:Given>Mike</vCard:Given>
<vCard:Family>Cooling</vCard:Family>
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<vCard:Given>Penny</vCard:Given>
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<vCard:Other>J</vCard:Other>
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<bqs:Pubmed_id>11720973</bqs:Pubmed_id>
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<dcterms:W3CDTF>2001-12-01 00:00</dcterms:W3CDTF>
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<dcterms:W3CDTF>2008-06-13T13:56:13+12:00</dcterms:W3CDTF>
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<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#e2d39fc6-49fd-4c39-93ec-3a3519b1d8ff">
<dc:title>Biophysical Journal</dc:title>
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<dcterms:W3CDTF>2007-11-01T12:18:01+13:00</dcterms:W3CDTF>
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<vCard:Given>W</vCard:Given>
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<vCard:Other>R</vCard:Other>
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<rdf:value>Noticed the volumes for V_NSR and V_SS were wrong and have corrected them. They were wrong in version 7.</rdf:value>
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<vCard:Given>R</vCard:Given>
<vCard:Family>Clark</vCard:Family>
<vCard:Other>B</vCard:Other>
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<vCard:Given>S</vCard:Given>
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<dcterms:W3CDTF>2008-05-26T11:07:32+12:00</dcterms:W3CDTF>
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