- Author:
- Hanne <Hanne@hanne-nielsens-macbook.local>
- Date:
- 2009-12-09 11:08:02+13:00
- Desc:
- Added images in ai and svg format, removed non pub med references
- Permanent Source URI:
- https://models.physiomeproject.org/workspace/joseph_zavros_merchant_kirschner_2003/rawfile/76eb25661c0c1551c4bb936a29b5b9ec4412ae73/joseph_zavros_merchant_kirschner_2003.cellml
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<!-- FILE : joseph_model_2003.xml
CREATED : 9th April 2004
LAST MODIFIED : 27th April 2005
AUTHOR : Catherine Lloyd
Bioengineering Institute
The University of Auckland
MODEL STATUS : This model conforms to the CellML 1.0 Specification released on
10th August 2001, and the 16/1/02 CellML Metadata 1.0 Specification.
DESCRIPTION : This file contains a CellML description of Joseph et al.'s 2003 mathematical model of human gastric acid secretion.
CHANGES:
27/04/2005 - PJV - Changed unit dimensions to make them consistent.
--><model xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" xmlns:cmeta="http://www.cellml.org/metadata/1.0#" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:bqs="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#" xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:vCard="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#" cmeta:id="joseph_zavros_merchant_kirschner_2003_version01" name="joseph_zavros_merchant_kirschner_2003_version01">
<documentation xmlns="http://cellml.org/tmp-documentation">
<article>
<articleinfo>
<title>Modelling Human Gastric Acid Secretion</title>
<author>
<firstname>Catherine</firstname>
<surname>Lloyd</surname>
<affiliation>
<shortaffil>Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland</shortaffil>
</affiliation>
</author>
</articleinfo>
<section id="sec_status">
<title>Model Status</title>
<para>
This is the original unchecked version of the model imported from the previous
CellML model repository, 24-Jan-2006.
</para>
</section>
<sect1 id="sec_structure">
<title>Model Structure</title>
<para>
Acid secretion from parietal cells in the stomach is a highly regulated, complex, and dynamic process which is optimised to facilitate food digestion. It involves both the central and the enteric nervous systems (CNS and ENS respectively), in addition to a network of paracrine and endocrine cells. The overall aim is to maintain stomach luminal pH within a narrow range such that food digestion is optimised.
</para>
<para>
Four cell populations and their secretory products form the core acid secretory process in humans. These four cell populations are gastrin (G)- and somatostatin (D)-secreting cells, endochromaffin-like (ECL) cells, and parietal cells. G and ECL cell products stimulate acid secretion (positive feedback) and D cells inhibit acid release (negative feedback). Exactly how these feedback loops interact is species specific, however, the basic requirement for acid secretion is conserved amongst species. Mathematical modelling provides a powerful tool for investigating the integrated system, and it is also immune to the inconsistencies of <emphasis>in vivo</emphasis> and <emphasis>in vitro</emphasis> experimental studies.
</para>
<para>
</para>
<para>
In the Joseph <emphasis>et al.</emphasis> 2003 publication described here, the authors use a novel mathematical model to describe the complex system of gastric acid regulation (see <xref linkend="fig_cell_diagram1"/> and <xref linkend="fig_cell_diagram2"/> below). They use experimental data to validate their model simulations, and then go onto use the model to study conditions that are not yet experimentally reproducible.
</para>
<para>
The model has been described here in CellML (the raw CellML description of the Joseph <emphasis>et al.</emphasis> 2003 model can be downloaded in various formats as described in <xref linkend="sec_download_this_model"/>).
</para>
<para>
The complete original paper reference is cited below:
</para>
<para>
A model for integrative study of human gastric acid secretion, Ian M.P. Joseph, Yana Zavros, Juanita L. Merchant, and Denise Kirschner, 2003, <emphasis>Journal of Applied Physiology</emphasis>
, 94, 1602-1618. <ulink url="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12433865&dopt=Abstract">PubMed ID: 12433865</ulink>
</para>
<informalfigure float="0" id="fig_cell_diagram1">
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
<objectinfo>
<title>cell diagram1</title>
</objectinfo>
<imagedata fileref="joseph_2003.png"/>
</imageobject>
<caption>
Development of G, D, ECL, and parietal cells from the underlying antral and corpus stem cells. A: differentiation within the antrum and B: differentiation within the corpus.
</caption>
</mediaobject>
</informalfigure>
</sect1>
</article>
</documentation>
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<dcterms:alternative>antral stem cells</dcterms:alternative>
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<dc:title>DA</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative>antral D cells</dcterms:alternative>
</rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>
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<dcterms:alternative>corpus D cells</dcterms:alternative>
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<variable units="cell" public_interface="in" name="G"/>
<variable units="molar" public_interface="in" name="SA"/>
<variable units="first_order_rate_constant" public_interface="in" name="NC"/>
<variable units="first_order_rate_constant" public_interface="in" name="NE"/>
<variable units="first_order_rate_constant" public_interface="in" name="Fd"/>
<variable units="hour" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>GtnA</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> G </ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> KNG1 </ci>
<ci> NE </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> NE </ci>
<ci> alpha_NG1 </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> SA </ci>
<ci> kSG </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci> AC </ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci> AC </ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci> kAG </ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> KNG2 </ci>
<ci> NC </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> NC </ci>
<ci> alpha_NG2 </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> SA </ci>
<ci> kSG </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci> AC </ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci> AC </ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci> kAG </ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> KFG </ci>
<ci> Fd </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> Fd </ci>
<ci> alpha_Fd </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> SA </ci>
<ci> kSG </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci> AC </ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci> AC </ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
</apply>
<apply>
<power/>
<ci> kAG </ci>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> kG </ci>
<ci> beta_G </ci>
</apply>
<ci> GtnA </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component cmeta:id="GtnC" name="GtnC">
<rdf:RDF>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="GtnC">
<dc:title>GtnC</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative>corpus gastrin</dcterms:alternative>
</rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>
<variable units="molar" public_interface="out" name="GtnC"/>
<variable units="molar_per_hour_cell" name="kappa_G"/>
<variable units="first_order_rate_constant" public_interface="in" name="beta_G"/>
<variable units="molar" public_interface="in" name="GtnA"/>
<variable units="hour" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>GtnC</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> beta_G </ci>
<ci> GtnA </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> kappa_G </ci>
<ci> GtnC </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component cmeta:id="SA" name="SA">
<rdf:RDF>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="SA">
<dc:title>SA</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative>antral somatostatin</dcterms:alternative>
</rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>
<variable units="molar" public_interface="out" name="SA"/>
<variable units="molar_per_hour_cell" name="KAS" initial_value="8.04E-15"/>
<variable units="molar" name="alpha_AS" initial_value="0.05"/>
<variable units="molar_per_hour_cell" public_interface="in" name="kappa_S"/>
<variable units="molar" public_interface="in" name="alpha_NS"/>
<variable units="molar" public_interface="in" name="kNS"/>
<variable units="molar" public_interface="in" name="kSS"/>
<variable units="molar_per_hour_cell" public_interface="in" name="KGS"/>
<variable units="first_order_rate_constant" public_interface="in" name="NC"/>
<variable units="first_order_rate_constant" public_interface="in" name="NE"/>
<variable units="molar" public_interface="in" name="AA"/>
<variable units="cell" public_interface="in" name="DA"/>
<variable units="hour" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>SA</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> DA </ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> KAS </ci>
<ci> AA </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> AA </ci>
<ci> alpha_AS </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> SA </ci>
<ci> kSS </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> NC </ci>
<ci> kNS </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> KGS </ci>
<ci> NE </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> NE </ci>
<ci> alpha_NS </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> SA </ci>
<ci> kSS </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> NC </ci>
<ci> kNS </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> kappa_S </ci>
<ci> SA </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component cmeta:id="SC" name="SC">
<rdf:RDF>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="SC">
<dc:title>SC</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative>corpus somatostatin</dcterms:alternative>
</rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>
<variable units="molar" public_interface="out" name="SC"/>
<variable units="molar_per_hour_cell" name="KNS" initial_value="1.14E-15"/>
<variable units="molar" name="alpha_GS" initial_value="5.20E-12"/>
<variable units="molar_per_hour_cell" public_interface="in" name="kappa_S"/>
<variable units="molar" public_interface="in" name="alpha_NS"/>
<variable units="molar" public_interface="in" name="kNS"/>
<variable units="molar" public_interface="in" name="kSS"/>
<variable units="molar_per_hour_cell" public_interface="in" name="KGS"/>
<variable units="first_order_rate_constant" public_interface="in" name="NC"/>
<variable units="first_order_rate_constant" public_interface="in" name="NE"/>
<variable units="cell" public_interface="in" name="DC"/>
<variable units="molar" public_interface="in" name="GtnC"/>
<variable units="hour" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>SC</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> DC </ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> KNS </ci>
<ci> NE </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> NE </ci>
<ci> alpha_NS </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> SC </ci>
<ci> kSS </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> NC </ci>
<ci> kNS </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> KGS </ci>
<ci> GtnC </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> GtnC </ci>
<ci> alpha_GS </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> SC </ci>
<ci> kSS </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> NC </ci>
<ci> kNS </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> kappa_S </ci>
<ci> SC </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component cmeta:id="HC" name="HC">
<rdf:RDF>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="HC">
<dc:title>HC</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative>corpus histamine</dcterms:alternative>
</rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>
<variable units="molar" public_interface="out" name="HC"/>
<variable units="molar_per_hour_cell" name="KNH" initial_value="7.59E-16"/>
<variable units="molar_per_hour_cell" name="KGH" initial_value="7.77E-16"/>
<variable units="molar" name="kSH" initial_value="9.0E-10"/>
<variable units="molar" name="alpha_GH" initial_value="3.0E-10"/>
<variable units="molar" name="alpha_NH" initial_value="3.25E-8"/>
<variable units="first_order_rate_constant" name="kappa_H"/>
<variable units="first_order_rate_constant" public_interface="in" name="E"/>
<variable units="molar" public_interface="in" name="SC"/>
<variable units="first_order_rate_constant" public_interface="in" name="NE"/>
<variable units="first_order_rate_constant" public_interface="in" name="NC"/>
<variable units="molar" public_interface="in" name="GtnC"/>
<variable units="hour" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>HC</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> E </ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> KNH </ci>
<ci> NE </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> NE </ci>
<ci> alpha_NH </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> SC </ci>
<ci> kSH </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> KGH </ci>
<ci> GtnC </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> GtnC </ci>
<ci> alpha_GH </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> SC </ci>
<ci> kSH </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> kappa_H </ci>
<ci> HC </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component cmeta:id="AC" name="AC">
<rdf:RDF>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="AC">
<dc:title>AC</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative>corpus gastric acid</dcterms:alternative>
</rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>
<variable units="molar" public_interface="out" name="AC"/>
<variable units="molar_per_hour_cell" name="KNA" initial_value="2.33E-11"/>
<variable units="molar_per_hour_cell" name="KHA" initial_value="7.96E-10"/>
<variable units="molar_per_hour_cell" name="KGA" initial_value="4.98E-11"/>
<variable units="molar" name="kSA" initial_value="9.0E-10"/>
<variable units="molar" name="alpha_NA" initial_value="5.0E-6"/>
<variable units="molar" name="alpha_GA" initial_value="1.8E-10"/>
<variable units="first_order_rate_constant" name="k_Fdmax"/>
<variable units="cell" public_interface="in" name="P"/>
<variable units="first_order_rate_constant" public_interface="in" name="beta_A"/>
<variable units="molar" public_interface="in" name="BC"/>
<variable units="first_order_rate_constant" public_interface="in" name="hb"/>
<variable units="molar" public_interface="in" name="alpha_HA"/>
<variable units="first_order_rate_constant" public_interface="in" name="Fd"/>
<variable units="first_order_rate_constant" public_interface="in" name="alpha_Fd"/>
<variable units="first_order_rate_constant" public_interface="in" name="NC"/>
<variable units="molar" public_interface="in" name="SC"/>
<variable units="molar" public_interface="in" name="HC"/>
<variable units="molar" public_interface="in" name="GtnC"/>
<variable units="hour" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>AC</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> P </ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> KNA </ci>
<ci> NC </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> NC </ci>
<ci> alpha_NA </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> SC </ci>
<ci> kSA </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> HC </ci>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> HC </ci>
<ci> alpha_HA </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> KGA </ci>
<ci> GtnC </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> GtnC </ci>
<ci> alpha_GA </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> SC </ci>
<ci> kSA </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> KHA </ci>
<ci> HC </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> HC </ci>
<ci> alpha_HA </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<cn cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
<apply>
<divide/>
<ci> SC </ci>
<ci> kSA </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> hb </ci>
<ci> AC </ci>
<ci> BC </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> k_Fdmax </ci>
<ci> Fd </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> Fd </ci>
<ci> alpha_Fd </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<ci> AC </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> beta_A </ci>
<ci> AC </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component cmeta:id="AA" name="AA">
<rdf:RDF>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="AA">
<dc:title>AA</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative>antral gastric acid</dcterms:alternative>
</rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>
<variable units="molar" public_interface="out" name="AA"/>
<variable units="first_order_rate_constant" name="kappa_A"/>
<variable units="first_order_rate_constant" public_interface="in" name="beta_A"/>
<variable units="molar" public_interface="in" name="AC"/>
<variable units="hour" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>AA</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> beta_A </ci>
<ci> AC </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> kappa_A </ci>
<ci> AA </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component cmeta:id="BC" name="BC">
<rdf:RDF>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="BC">
<dc:title>BC</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative>corpus bicarbonate</dcterms:alternative>
</rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>
<variable units="molar" public_interface="out" name="BC"/>
<variable units="first_order_rate_constant" name="k_BCmax"/>
<variable units="first_order_rate_constant" name="beta_B"/>
<variable units="first_order_rate_constant" public_interface="in" name="alpha_NB"/>
<variable units="molar" public_interface="in" name="AC"/>
<variable units="first_order_rate_constant" public_interface="in" name="hb"/>
<variable units="first_order_rate_constant" public_interface="in" name="NC"/>
<variable units="hour" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>BC</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> k_BCmax </ci>
<ci> NC </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> NC </ci>
<ci> alpha_NB </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> hb </ci>
<ci> AC </ci>
<ci> BC </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> beta_B </ci>
<ci> BC </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component cmeta:id="BA" name="BA">
<rdf:RDF>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="BA">
<dc:title>BA</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative>corpus bicarbonate</dcterms:alternative>
</rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>
<variable units="molar" public_interface="out" name="BA"/>
<variable units="first_order_rate_constant" name="k_BAmax"/>
<variable units="first_order_rate_constant" name="kappa_B"/>
<variable units="first_order_rate_constant" public_interface="in" name="alpha_NB"/>
<variable units="molar" public_interface="in" name="AA"/>
<variable units="first_order_rate_constant" public_interface="in" name="hb"/>
<variable units="first_order_rate_constant" public_interface="in" name="NC"/>
<variable units="hour" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>BA</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> k_BAmax </ci>
<ci> NC </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<ci> NC </ci>
<ci> alpha_NB </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> hb </ci>
<ci> AA </ci>
<ci> BA </ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> kappa_B </ci>
<ci> BA </ci>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</apply>
</math>
</component>
<component cmeta:id="NC" name="NC">
<rdf:RDF>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="NC">
<dc:title>NC</dc:title>
<dcterms:alternative>central neural activity</dcterms:alternative>
</rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>
<variable units="first_order_rate_constant" public_interface="out" name="NC"/>
<variable units="first_order_rate_constant" name="Nmax1"/>
<variable units="first_order_rate_constant" name="kAN1"/>
<variable units="first_order_rate_constant" name="kappa_NC"/>
<variable units="first_order_rate_constant" name="Bas1"/>
<variable units="first_order_rate_constant" public_interface="in" name="kFd"/>
<variable units="first_order_rate_constant" public_interface="in" name="Fd"/>
<variable units="molar" public_interface="in" name="AC"/>
<variable units="hour" public_interface="in" name="time"/>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<apply>
<eq/>
<apply>
<diff/>
<bvar>
<ci>time</ci>
</bvar>
<ci>NC</ci>
</apply>
<apply>
<plus/>
<apply>
<minus/>
<apply>
<divide/>
<apply>
<times/>
<ci> Nmax1 </ci>
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A model for integrative study of human gastric acid secretion
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The University of Auckland, Bioengineering Institute
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Joseph et al.'s 2003 mathematical model of human gastric acid secretion.
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<dcterms:W3CDTF>2004-04-09</dcterms:W3CDTF>
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<vCard:ORG rdf:resource="rdf:#24bdb7ad-97f5-46c5-89d4-fe2f10075416"/>
<vCard:EMAIL rdf:resource="rdf:#8c651838-2660-4691-9b8e-d2539c09fb30"/>
<vCard:N rdf:resource="rdf:#7a9a4189-5fd6-4859-9543-947e4fcecc37"/>
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<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#5ed1c6c9-b6b3-4ca6-b8b8-f6e1ff706a58">
<vCard:Given>Yana</vCard:Given>
<vCard:Family>Zavros</vCard:Family>
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<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#24bdb7ad-97f5-46c5-89d4-fe2f10075416">
<vCard:Orgname>The University of Auckland</vCard:Orgname>
<vCard:Orgunit>The Bioengineering Institute</vCard:Orgunit>
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<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#f08aaf08-c0ef-4dde-94f6-3c8be9904c64">
<dcterms:W3CDTF>2003-04</dcterms:W3CDTF>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#a0938c8f-f52c-4189-bc0c-e80747fe332f">
<vCard:FN>Catherine Lloyd</vCard:FN>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#2821dbc0-3622-422b-8a87-38b6f6f0d20b">
<rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#Person"/>
<vCard:N rdf:resource="rdf:#de73e035-ecfd-494e-ad88-2e9020a472e9"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#8d880101-c3d7-45dd-8e8a-42881eea1945">
<bqs:subject_type>keyword</bqs:subject_type>
<rdf:value rdf:resource="rdf:#857efc0b-72b0-41d8-9548-8442097805b5"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#7a9a4189-5fd6-4859-9543-947e4fcecc37">
<vCard:Given>Catherine</vCard:Given>
<vCard:Family>Lloyd</vCard:Family>
<vCard:Other>May</vCard:Other>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#e1a4df41-94c7-4f03-9fdc-b54b627eb0dc">
<rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#Person"/>
<vCard:N rdf:resource="rdf:#4d4b9fb4-31ec-4cf5-9782-4c7e4e8339f9"/>
</rdf:Description>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#4d4b9fb4-31ec-4cf5-9782-4c7e4e8339f9">
<vCard:Given>Denise</vCard:Given>
<vCard:Family>Kirschner</vCard:Family>
</rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>
</model>
