This is the CellML 1.1 "parent" file to test the Non-Muscle Autoregulatory Local Blood Flow Control Model.
Guyton Model: non_muscle_autoregulatory_local_blood_flow_control
Catherine
Lloyd
Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland
CellML 1.1 Version
This is a CellML 1.1 version of the Non-Muscle Local Blood Flow Control Module of the Guyton Circulation model. To run, click on "Solve using OpenCell" and all
dependent files and components will be imported. To run offline, please download all files from the workspace into the same directory and open
"NM_blood_flow.cellml" in OpenCell.
Model Status
This CellML model has been validated. Due to the differences between procedural code (in this case C-code) and declarative
languages (CellML), some aspects of the original model were not able to be encapsulated by the CellML model (such as the
damping of variables). This may effect the transient behaviour of the model, however the steady-state behaviour would remain
the same. The equations in this file and the steady-state output from the model conform to the results from the MODSIM program.
Model Structure
Arthur Guyton (1919-2003) was an American physiologist who became famous for his 1950s experiments in which he studied the physiology
of cardiac output and its relationship with the peripheral circulation. The results of these experiments challenged the conventional
wisdom that it was the heart itself that controlled cardiac output. Instead Guyton demonstrated that it was the need of the body
tissues for oxygen which was the real regulator of cardiac output. The "Guyton Curves" describe the relationship between right atrial
pressures and cardiac output, and they form a foundation for understanding the physiology of circulation.
The Guyton model of fluid, electrolyte, and circulatory regulation is an extensive mathematical model of human circulatory physiology,
capable of simulating a variety of experimental conditions, and contains a number of linked subsystems relating to circulation and its
neuroendocrine control.
This is a CellML translation of the Guyton model of the regulation of the circulatory system. The complete model consists of separate
modules each of which characterise a separate physiological subsystems. The Circulation Dynamics is the primary system, to which other
modules/blocks are connected. The other modules characterise the dynamics of the kidney, electrolytes and cell water, thirst and
drinking, hormone regulation, autonomic regulation, cardiovascular system etc, and these feedback on the central circulation model.
The CellML code in these modules is based on the C code from the programme C-MODSIM created by Dr Jean-Pierre Montani.
The circulatory system is divided into three separate parts for blood flow control:(1) the kidneys which are presented in an entirely
separate CellML model; (2) non-muscle local blood flow control; and (3) muscle local blood flow control. This particular CellML model
describes non-muscle autoregulatory local blood flow control. This portion of the circulation has three separate parallel autoregulatory
processes, one of which occurs in a matter of minutes, another over a period of tens of minutes, and a third over a period of weeks.
All of these are considered to respond to changes in tissue oxygen level. The first two are rapid metabolic feedback effects, one almost
instantaneous and the other occurring over a period of tens of minutes to an hour or so. The third is considered to be structural changes
that result over a period of weeks and may be a consequence of the vasodilation or vasoconstriction that occurs during the two short-term
metabolic stages.
model diagram
A systems analysis diagram for the full Guyton model describing circulation regulation.
model diagram
A schematic diagram of the components and processes described in the current CellML model.
There are several publications referring to the Guyton model. One of these papers is cited below:
Circulation: Overall Regulation, A.C. Guyton, T.G. Coleman, and H.J. Granger, 1972,
Annual Review of Physiology
, 34, 13-44. PubMed ID: 4334846
Guyton
Non-Muscle Blood Flow
Description of Guyton non-muscle local blood flow control module
2008-00-00 00:00
keyword
physiology
organ systems
cardiovascular circulation
non-muscle blood flow
Guyton
Component to set all input values to 1.0 or a prescribed value.