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<!--
This CellML file was generated on 1/11/2009 at 11:25:38 at a.m. using:

COR (0.9.31.1329)
Copyright 2002-2009 Dr Alan Garny
http://cor.physiol.ox.ac.uk/ - cor@physiol.ox.ac.uk

CellML 1.0 was used to generate this model
http://www.cellml.org/
-->
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				<title>Computational modeling of cardiovascular response to orthostatic stress</title>
				<author>
					<firstname>Catherine</firstname>
					<surname>Lloyd</surname>
					<affiliation>
						<shortaffil>Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland</shortaffil>
					</affiliation>
				</author>
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			<section id="sec_status">
				<title>Model Status</title>
				<para>
				This CellML model runs in both COR and PCEnv to reproduce the published results.  The units have been checked and they balance.  This is a lumped parameter model for cardiac activation based on the work of Heldt et al. 2002. This CellMl model represents the whole heart (all four chambers) connected to a lumped parameter model of the circulatory system including systemic circulation, a coronary circulation, and a pulmonary circulation. The model and results are exactly the same as the <ulink url="http://physiome.org/model/doku.php?id=Integrative_Physiology:Lumped_parameter_circulation:model_detail#Detailed_Description">JSim model</ulink> of the same name.
				</para>
			</section>
			<sect1 id="sec_structure">
				<title>Model Structure</title>
				<para>
ABSTRACT: The objective of this study is to develop a model of the cardiovascular system capable of simulating the short-term (less than or equal to 5 min) transient and steady-state hemodynamic responses to head-up tilt and lower body negative pressure. The model consists of a closed-loop lumped-parameter representation of the circulation connected to set-point models of the arterial and cardiopulmonary baroreflexes. Model parameters are largely based on literature values. Model verification was performed by comparing the simulation output under baseline conditions and at different levels of orthostatic stress to sets of population-averaged hemodynamic data reported in the literature. On the basis of experimental evidence, we adjusted some model parameters to simulate experimental data. Orthostatic stress simulations are not statistically different from experimental data (two-sided test of significance with Bonferroni adjustment for multiple comparisons). Transient response characteristics of heart rate to tilt also compare well with reported data. A case study is presented on how the model is intended to be used in the future to investigate the effects of post-spaceflight orthostatic intolerance.
</para>
				<informalfigure float="0" id="fig_reaction_diagram">
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								<title>model diagram</title>
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					<caption>Schematic diagram of the Heldt et al. 2002 circulation model.</caption>
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				<para>
The original paper reference is cited below:
</para>
				<para>
Computational modeling of cardiovascular response to orthostatic stress, T. Heldt, E.B. Shim, R.D. Kamm, and R.G. Mark, 2002, <emphasis>Journal of Applied Physiology</emphasis>, 92, 1239-1254.  <ulink url="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&amp;cmd=Retrieve&amp;dopt=AbstractPlus&amp;list_uids=11842064&amp;query_hl=1&amp;itool=pubmed_docsum">PubMed ID: 11842064</ulink>
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            Computational modeling of cardiovascular response to orthostatic stress
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            <ci>hrf</ci>
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               <cn cellml:units="Hz2rpm">60</cn>
               <ci>HR</ci>
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            <ci>beattime</ci>
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               <ci>TsvK</ci>
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                     <divide/>
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                        <times/>
                        <cn cellml:units="ratepm">1</cn>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
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               <ci>TsaK</ci>
               <apply>
                  <root/>
                  <apply>
                     <divide/>
                     <cn cellml:units="Hz">1</cn>
                     <ci>HR</ci>
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            <ci>trelv</ci>
            <apply>
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               <ci>PRint</ci>
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            <eq/>
            <ci>trela</ci>
            <ci>beattime</ci>
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            <eq/>
            <ci>yla</ci>
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                     <divide/>
                     <apply>
                        <minus/>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                        <apply>
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                                 <pi/>
                                 <ci>trela</ci>
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                              <ci>Tsa</ci>
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                     <apply>
                        <geq/>
                        <ci>trela</ci>
                        <cn cellml:units="s">0</cn>
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                        <leq/>
                        <ci>trela</ci>
                        <ci>Tsa</ci>
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                        <plus/>
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                           <apply>
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                                 <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                                 <pi/>
                                 <apply>
                                    <minus/>
                                    <ci>trela</ci>
                                    <ci>Tsa</ci>
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                              <ci>Tsa</ci>
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                        <lt/>
                        <ci>trela</ci>
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                           <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1.5</cn>
                           <ci>Tsa</ci>
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                        <geq/>
                        <ci>trela</ci>
                        <ci>Tsa</ci>
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            <eq/>
            <ci>yra</ci>
            <ci>yla</ci>
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            <eq/>
            <ci>ylv</ci>
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               <piece>
                  <apply>
                     <divide/>
                     <apply>
                        <minus/>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                        <apply>
                           <cos/>
                           <apply>
                              <divide/>
                              <apply>
                                 <times/>
                                 <pi/>
                                 <ci>trelv</ci>
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                              <ci>Tsv</ci>
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                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
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                     <apply>
                        <geq/>
                        <ci>trelv</ci>
                        <cn cellml:units="s">0</cn>
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                     <apply>
                        <leq/>
                        <ci>trelv</ci>
                        <ci>Tsv</ci>
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               <piece>
                  <apply>
                     <divide/>
                     <apply>
                        <plus/>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                        <apply>
                           <cos/>
                           <apply>
                              <divide/>
                              <apply>
                                 <times/>
                                 <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                                 <pi/>
                                 <apply>
                                    <minus/>
                                    <ci>trelv</ci>
                                    <ci>Tsv</ci>
                                 </apply>
                              </apply>
                              <ci>Tsv</ci>
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                        </apply>
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                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
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                  <apply>
                     <and/>
                     <apply>
                        <lt/>
                        <ci>trelv</ci>
                        <apply>
                           <times/>
                           <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1.5</cn>
                           <ci>Tsv</ci>
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                     <apply>
                        <geq/>
                        <ci>trelv</ci>
                        <ci>Tsv</ci>
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                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0</cn>
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         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>yrv</ci>
            <ci>ylv</ci>
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         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>Era</ci>
            <apply>
               <plus/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <apply>
                     <minus/>
                     <ci>Emaxra</ci>
                     <ci>Eminra</ci>
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                  <ci>yra</ci>
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               <ci>Eminra</ci>
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         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>Erv</ci>
            <apply>
               <plus/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <apply>
                     <minus/>
                     <ci>Emaxrv</ci>
                     <ci>Eminrv</ci>
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                  <ci>yrv</ci>
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               <ci>Eminrv</ci>
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            <eq/>
            <ci>Ela</ci>
            <apply>
               <plus/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <apply>
                     <minus/>
                     <ci>Emaxla</ci>
                     <ci>Eminla</ci>
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                  <ci>yla</ci>
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               <ci>Eminla</ci>
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         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>Elv</ci>
            <apply>
               <plus/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <apply>
                     <minus/>
                     <ci>Emaxlv</ci>
                     <ci>Eminlv</ci>
                  </apply>
                  <ci>ylv</ci>
               </apply>
               <ci>Eminlv</ci>
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         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>t</ci>
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               <ci>Faod</ci>
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            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <apply>
                     <minus/>
                     <ci>Paodc</ci>
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                        <times/>
                        <ci>Faod</ci>
                        <ci>Raod</ci>
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                  <ci>Psap</ci>
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               <ci>Laod</ci>
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            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>t</ci>
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               <ci>Faop</ci>
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            <apply>
               <times/>
               <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <apply>
                     <minus/>
                     <apply>
                        <minus/>
                        <ci>Paopc</ci>
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                           <times/>
                           <ci>Faop</ci>
                           <ci>Raop</ci>
                           <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">16.66666666666667</cn>
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                     </apply>
                     <ci>Paodc</ci>
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                  <ci>Laop</ci>
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               <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.059999999999999984</cn>
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            <eq/>
            <ci>Fcorao</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>Pcoraoc</ci>
                  <ci>Pcoreac</ci>
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               <ci>Rcorao</ci>
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         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>Fcorcap</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>Pcorcapc</ci>
                  <ci>Pcorsvc</ci>
               </apply>
               <ci>Rcorcap</ci>
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         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>Fcorea</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>Pcoreac</ci>
                  <ci>Pcorlac</ci>
               </apply>
               <ci>Rcorea</ci>
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         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>Fcorev</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>Pcorevc</ci>
                  <ci>Prac</ci>
               </apply>
               <ci>Rcorev</ci>
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         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>Fcorla</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>Pcorlac</ci>
                  <ci>Pcorsac</ci>
               </apply>
               <ci>Rcorla</ci>
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         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>Fcorlv</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>Pcorlvc</ci>
                  <ci>Pcorevc</ci>
               </apply>
               <ci>Rcorlv</ci>
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         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>Fcorsa</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>Pcorsac</ci>
                  <ci>Pcorcapc</ci>
               </apply>
               <ci>Rcorsa</ci>
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            <eq/>
            <ci>Fcorsv</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>Pcorsvc</ci>
                  <ci>Pcorlvc</ci>
               </apply>
               <ci>Rcorsv</ci>
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            <eq/>
            <ci>Fcrb</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>Paodc</ci>
                  <ci>Pvcc</ci>
               </apply>
               <ci>Rcrb</ci>
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            <eq/>
            <ci>Fla</ci>
            <piecewise>
               <piece>
                  <apply>
                     <divide/>
                     <apply>
                        <minus/>
                        <ci>Plac</ci>
                        <ci>Plvc</ci>
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                     <ci>Rla</ci>
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                  <apply>
                     <gt/>
                     <ci>Plac</ci>
                     <ci>Plvc</ci>
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               </piece>
               <otherwise>
                  <cn cellml:units="flow">0</cn>
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            <eq/>
            <ci>Flv</ci>
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               <piece>
                  <apply>
                     <divide/>
                     <apply>
                        <minus/>
                        <ci>Plvc</ci>
                        <ci>Paopc</ci>
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                     <ci>Rav</ci>
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                  <apply>
                     <gt/>
                     <ci>Plvc</ci>
                     <ci>Paopc</ci>
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            <eq/>
            <ci>Fpa</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>Ppac</ci>
                  <ci>Ppcc</ci>
               </apply>
               <ci>Rpa</ci>
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            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>t</ci>
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               <ci>Fpad</ci>
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            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <apply>
                     <minus/>
                     <ci>Ppadc</ci>
                     <ci>Ppac</ci>
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                     <times/>
                     <ci>Fpad</ci>
                     <ci>Rpad</ci>
                  </apply>
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               <ci>Lpad</ci>
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            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>t</ci>
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               <ci>Fpap</ci>
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            <apply>
               <times/>
               <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <apply>
                     <minus/>
                     <apply>
                        <minus/>
                        <ci>Ppapc</ci>
                        <ci>Ppadc</ci>
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                        <times/>
                        <ci>Fpap</ci>
                        <ci>Rpap</ci>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">16.66666666666667</cn>
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                  <ci>Lpa</ci>
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               <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.059999999999999984</cn>
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            <eq/>
            <ci>Fpc</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>Ppcc</ci>
                  <ci>Ppvc</ci>
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               <ci>Rpc</ci>
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            <eq/>
            <ci>Fps</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>Ppac</ci>
                  <ci>Ppvc</ci>
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               <ci>Rps</ci>
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         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>Fpv</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>Ppvc</ci>
                  <ci>Plac</ci>
               </apply>
               <ci>Rpv</ci>
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         </apply>
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            <eq/>
            <ci>Fra</ci>
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               <piece>
                  <apply>
                     <divide/>
                     <apply>
                        <minus/>
                        <ci>Prac</ci>
                        <ci>Prvc</ci>
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                     <ci>Rra</ci>
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                  <apply>
                     <gt/>
                     <ci>Prac</ci>
                     <ci>Prvc</ci>
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               <otherwise>
                  <cn cellml:units="flow">0</cn>
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            <eq/>
            <ci>Frv</ci>
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               <piece>
                  <apply>
                     <divide/>
                     <apply>
                        <minus/>
                        <ci>Prvc</ci>
                        <ci>Ppapc</ci>
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                     <ci>Rpuv</ci>
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                  <apply>
                     <gt/>
                     <ci>Prvc</ci>
                     <ci>Ppapc</ci>
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               <otherwise>
                  <cn cellml:units="flow">0</cn>
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            <eq/>
            <ci>Fsa</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>Psa</ci>
                  <ci>Psc</ci>
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               <ci>Rsa</ci>
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            <eq/>
            <ci>Fsap</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>Psap</ci>
                  <ci>Psa</ci>
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               <ci>Rsap</ci>
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            <eq/>
            <ci>Fsc</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>Psc</ci>
                  <ci>Psv</ci>
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               <ci>Rsc</ci>
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            <eq/>
            <ci>Fsv</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>Psv</ci>
                  <ci>Pvcc</ci>
               </apply>
               <ci>Rsv</ci>
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         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>Fvc</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>Pvcc</ci>
                  <ci>Prac</ci>
               </apply>
               <ci>Rvc</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>t</ci>
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               <ci>MAP</ci>
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            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>Psa</ci>
                  <ci>MAP</ci>
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               <ci>COtau</ci>
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         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>P_QRSwave</ci>
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               <piece>
                  <cn cellml:units="mV">5</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <and/>
                     <apply>
                        <gt/>
                        <ci>t</ci>
                        <ci>beattime</ci>
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                        <lt/>
                        <ci>t</ci>
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                           <plus/>
                           <ci>beattime</ci>
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                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </piece>
               <piece>
                  <cn cellml:units="mV">10</cn>
                  <apply>
                     <and/>
                     <apply>
                        <gt/>
                        <ci>t</ci>
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                           <plus/>
                           <ci>beattime</ci>
                           <ci>PRint</ci>
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                     </apply>
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                        <lt/>
                        <ci>t</ci>
                        <apply>
                           <plus/>
                           <ci>beattime</ci>
                           <ci>PRint</ci>
                           <cn cellml:units="s">0.02</cn>
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                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </piece>
               <otherwise>
                  <cn cellml:units="mV">0</cn>
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         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>Paod</ci>
            <apply>
               <minus/>
               <ci>Paodc</ci>
               <ci>Pbs</ci>
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            <eq/>
            <ci>Paodc</ci>
            <apply>
               <times/>
               <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <apply>
                     <plus/>
                     <apply>
                        <minus/>
                        <apply>
                           <plus/>
                           <apply>
                              <minus/>
                              <apply>
                                 <times/>
                                 <ci>Rtaod</ci>
                                 <ci>Rcrb</ci>
                                 <ci>Faop</ci>
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                              <apply>
                                 <times/>
                                 <ci>Rtaod</ci>
                                 <ci>Rcrb</ci>
                                 <ci>Faod</ci>
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                           </apply>
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                              <times/>
                              <apply>
                                 <divide/>
                                 <apply>
                                    <times/>
                                    <ci>Vaod</ci>
                                    <ci>Rcrb</ci>
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                                 <ci>Caod</ci>
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                              <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.060000000000000005</cn>
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                        </apply>
                        <apply>
                           <times/>
                           <apply>
                              <divide/>
                              <apply>
                                 <times/>
                                 <ci>Rcrb</ci>
                                 <ci>Px2</ci>
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                              <apply>
                                 <minus/>
                                 <apply>
                                    <exp/>
                                    <apply>
                                       <divide/>
                                       <ci>Vaod</ci>
                                       <ci>Vx8</ci>
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                                 <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
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                           </apply>
                           <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.059999999999999984</cn>
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                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <ci>Pvcc</ci>
                        <ci>Rtaod</ci>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.059999999999999984</cn>
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                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <plus/>
                     <ci>Rcrb</ci>
                     <ci>Rtaod</ci>
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               <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">16.66666666666667</cn>
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         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>Paop</ci>
            <apply>
               <minus/>
               <ci>Paopc</ci>
               <ci>Pplc</ci>
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         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>t</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>Paopc</ci>
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            <apply>
               <times/>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <apply>
                     <minus/>
                     <apply>
                        <minus/>
                        <ci>Flv</ci>
                        <apply>
                           <diff/>
                           <bvar>
                              <ci>t</ci>
                           </bvar>
                           <ci>Vaop</ci>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <ci>Faop</ci>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">16.66666666666667</cn>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <ci>Fcorao</ci>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <apply>
                     <divide/>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                     <ci>Ccorao</ci>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <divide/>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <apply>
                           <divide/>
                           <ci>Px2</ci>
                           <cn cellml:units="mL">1</cn>
                        </apply>
                        <apply>
                           <exp/>
                           <apply>
                              <divide/>
                              <ci>Vcorao</ci>
                              <ci>Vx1</ci>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <power/>
                        <apply>
                           <minus/>
                           <apply>
                              <exp/>
                              <apply>
                                 <divide/>
                                 <ci>Vcorao</ci>
                                 <ci>Vx1</ci>
                              </apply>
                           </apply>
                           <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                        </apply>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>Pcorao</ci>
            <ci>Paop</ci>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>Pcoraoc</ci>
            <ci>Paopc</ci>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>Pcorcap</ci>
            <apply>
               <minus/>
               <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <ci>Vcorcap</ci>
                  <ci>Ccorcap</ci>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <ci>Px1</ci>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <minus/>
                     <apply>
                        <exp/>
                        <apply>
                           <divide/>
                           <ci>Vcorcap</ci>
                           <ci>Vx1</ci>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>Pcorcapc</ci>
            <apply>
               <plus/>
               <ci>Pcorcap</ci>
               <ci>Pcorisfc</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>Pcorea</ci>
            <apply>
               <minus/>
               <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <ci>Vcorea</ci>
                  <ci>Ccorea</ci>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <ci>Px1</ci>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <minus/>
                     <apply>
                        <exp/>
                        <apply>
                           <divide/>
                           <ci>Vcorea</ci>
                           <ci>Vx1</ci>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>Pcoreac</ci>
            <apply>
               <plus/>
               <ci>Pcorea</ci>
               <ci>Ppcdc</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>Pcorev</ci>
            <apply>
               <minus/>
               <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <ci>Vcorev</ci>
                  <ci>Ccorev</ci>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <ci>Px2</ci>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <minus/>
                     <apply>
                        <exp/>
                        <apply>
                           <divide/>
                           <ci>Vcorev</ci>
                           <ci>Vx8</ci>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>Pcorevc</ci>
            <apply>
               <plus/>
               <ci>Pcorev</ci>
               <ci>Ppcdc</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>Pcorisfc</ci>
            <apply>
               <abs/>
               <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <apply>
                     <minus/>
                     <ci>Plvc</ci>
                     <ci>Ppcdc</ci>
                  </apply>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>Pcorla</ci>
            <apply>
               <minus/>
               <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <ci>Vcorla</ci>
                  <ci>Ccorla</ci>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <ci>Px1</ci>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <minus/>
                     <apply>
                        <exp/>
                        <apply>
                           <divide/>
                           <ci>Vcorla</ci>
                           <ci>Vx1</ci>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>Pcorlac</ci>
            <apply>
               <plus/>
               <ci>Pcorla</ci>
               <ci>Pcorisfc</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>Pcorlv</ci>
            <apply>
               <minus/>
               <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <ci>Vcorlv</ci>
                  <ci>Ccorlv</ci>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <ci>Px1</ci>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <minus/>
                     <apply>
                        <exp/>
                        <apply>
                           <divide/>
                           <ci>Vcorlv</ci>
                           <ci>Vx1</ci>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>Pcorlvc</ci>
            <apply>
               <plus/>
               <ci>Pcorlv</ci>
               <ci>Ppcdc</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>Pcorsa</ci>
            <apply>
               <minus/>
               <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <ci>Vcorsa</ci>
                  <ci>Ccorsa</ci>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <ci>Px1</ci>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <minus/>
                     <apply>
                        <exp/>
                        <apply>
                           <divide/>
                           <ci>Vcorsa</ci>
                           <ci>Vx1</ci>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>Pcorsac</ci>
            <apply>
               <plus/>
               <ci>Pcorsa</ci>
               <ci>Pcorisfc</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>Pcorsv</ci>
            <apply>
               <minus/>
               <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <ci>Vcorsv</ci>
                  <ci>Ccorsv</ci>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <ci>Px1</ci>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <minus/>
                     <apply>
                        <exp/>
                        <apply>
                           <divide/>
                           <ci>Vcorsv</ci>
                           <ci>Vx1</ci>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>Pcorsvc</ci>
            <apply>
               <plus/>
               <ci>Pcorsv</ci>
               <ci>Ppcdc</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>Pla</ci>
            <apply>
               <minus/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <apply>
                     <minus/>
                     <ci>Vla</ci>
                     <ci>Vlar</ci>
                  </apply>
                  <ci>Ela</ci>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <ci>Px2</ci>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <minus/>
                     <apply>
                        <exp/>
                        <apply>
                           <divide/>
                           <ci>Vla</ci>
                           <ci>Vx8</ci>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>Plac</ci>
            <apply>
               <plus/>
               <ci>Pla</ci>
               <ci>Ppcdc</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>Plv</ci>
            <apply>
               <minus/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <apply>
                     <minus/>
                     <ci>Vlv</ci>
                     <ci>Vlvr</ci>
                  </apply>
                  <ci>Elv</ci>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <ci>Px2</ci>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <minus/>
                     <apply>
                        <exp/>
                        <apply>
                           <divide/>
                           <ci>Vlv</ci>
                           <ci>Vx8</ci>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>Plvc</ci>
            <apply>
               <plus/>
               <ci>Plv</ci>
               <ci>Ppcdc</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>Ppa</ci>
            <apply>
               <minus/>
               <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <ci>Vpa</ci>
                  <ci>Cpa</ci>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <ci>Px2</ci>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <minus/>
                     <apply>
                        <exp/>
                        <apply>
                           <divide/>
                           <ci>Vpa</ci>
                           <ci>Vx8</ci>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>Ppac</ci>
            <apply>
               <plus/>
               <ci>Ppa</ci>
               <ci>Pplc</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>Ppad</ci>
            <apply>
               <minus/>
               <ci>Ppadc</ci>
               <ci>Pplc</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>Ppadc</ci>
            <apply>
               <minus/>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <apply>
                        <diff/>
                        <bvar>
                           <ci>t</ci>
                        </bvar>
                        <ci>Vpad</ci>
                     </apply>
                     <ci>Rtpad</ci>
                  </apply>
                  <ci>Pplc</ci>
                  <apply>
                     <divide/>
                     <ci>Vpad</ci>
                     <ci>Ctpad</ci>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <ci>Px2</ci>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <minus/>
                     <apply>
                        <exp/>
                        <apply>
                           <divide/>
                           <ci>Vpad</ci>
                           <ci>Vx8</ci>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>Ppap</ci>
            <apply>
               <minus/>
               <ci>Ppapc</ci>
               <ci>Pplc</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>Ppapc1</ci>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <apply>
                     <minus/>
                     <apply>
                        <plus/>
                        <apply>
                           <minus/>
                           <apply>
                              <divide/>
                              <apply>
                                 <times/>
                                 <ci>Rpuv</ci>
                                 <ci>Vpap</ci>
                              </apply>
                              <ci>Ctpap</ci>
                           </apply>
                           <apply>
                              <divide/>
                              <apply>
                                 <times/>
                                 <ci>Rpuv</ci>
                                 <ci>Px2</ci>
                                 <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                              </apply>
                              <apply>
                                 <minus/>
                                 <apply>
                                    <exp/>
                                    <apply>
                                       <divide/>
                                       <ci>Vpap</ci>
                                       <ci>Vx8</ci>
                                    </apply>
                                 </apply>
                                 <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                              </apply>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                        <apply>
                           <times/>
                           <ci>Prvc</ci>
                           <ci>Rtpap</ci>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <ci>Rpuv</ci>
                        <ci>Rtpap</ci>
                        <ci>Fpap</ci>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">16.666666666666668</cn>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <ci>Pplc</ci>
                     <ci>Rpuv</ci>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <ci>Rtpap</ci>
                  <ci>Rpuv</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>Ppapc2</ci>
            <apply>
               <minus/>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <apply>
                     <plus/>
                     <apply>
                        <divide/>
                        <ci>Vpap</ci>
                        <ci>Ctpap</ci>
                     </apply>
                     <ci>Pplc</ci>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <ci>Rtpap</ci>
                     <ci>Fpap</ci>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">16.666666666666668</cn>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <ci>Px2</ci>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <minus/>
                     <apply>
                        <exp/>
                        <apply>
                           <divide/>
                           <ci>Vpap</ci>
                           <ci>Vx8</ci>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>Ppapc</ci>
            <piecewise>
               <piece>
                  <ci>Ppapc1</ci>
                  <apply>
                     <gt/>
                     <ci>Prvc</ci>
                     <ci>Ppapc1</ci>
                  </apply>
               </piece>
               <otherwise>
                  <ci>Ppapc2</ci>
               </otherwise>
            </piecewise>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>Ppc</ci>
            <apply>
               <minus/>
               <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <ci>Vpc</ci>
                  <ci>Cpc</ci>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <ci>Px2</ci>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <minus/>
                     <apply>
                        <exp/>
                        <apply>
                           <divide/>
                           <ci>Vpc</ci>
                           <ci>Vx8</ci>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>Ppcc</ci>
            <apply>
               <plus/>
               <ci>Ppc</ci>
               <ci>Pplc</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>Ppcd</ci>
            <apply>
               <minus/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>K_pcd</ci>
                  <apply>
                     <exp/>
                     <apply>
                        <divide/>
                        <apply>
                           <minus/>
                           <ci>Vpcd</ci>
                           <ci>Vpcd_o</ci>
                        </apply>
                        <ci>phi_pcd</ci>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <ci>Px2</ci>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <minus/>
                     <apply>
                        <exp/>
                        <apply>
                           <divide/>
                           <ci>Vpcd</ci>
                           <ci>Vx75</ci>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>Ppcdc</ci>
            <apply>
               <plus/>
               <ci>Ppcd</ci>
               <ci>Pplc</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>Ppl</ci>
            <apply>
               <minus/>
               <ci>Pplc</ci>
               <ci>Pbs</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>Ppv</ci>
            <apply>
               <minus/>
               <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <ci>Vpv</ci>
                  <ci>Cpv</ci>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <ci>Px2</ci>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <minus/>
                     <apply>
                        <exp/>
                        <apply>
                           <divide/>
                           <ci>Vpv</ci>
                           <ci>Vx8</ci>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>Ppvc</ci>
            <apply>
               <plus/>
               <ci>Ppv</ci>
               <ci>Pplc</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>Pra</ci>
            <apply>
               <minus/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <apply>
                     <minus/>
                     <ci>Vra</ci>
                     <ci>Vrar</ci>
                  </apply>
                  <ci>Era</ci>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <ci>Px2</ci>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <minus/>
                     <apply>
                        <exp/>
                        <apply>
                           <divide/>
                           <ci>Vra</ci>
                           <ci>Vx8</ci>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>Prac</ci>
            <apply>
               <plus/>
               <ci>Pra</ci>
               <ci>Ppcdc</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>Prv</ci>
            <apply>
               <minus/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <apply>
                     <minus/>
                     <ci>Vrv</ci>
                     <ci>Vrvr</ci>
                  </apply>
                  <ci>Erv</ci>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <ci>Px2</ci>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <minus/>
                     <apply>
                        <exp/>
                        <apply>
                           <divide/>
                           <ci>Vrv</ci>
                           <ci>Vx8</ci>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>Prvc</ci>
            <apply>
               <plus/>
               <ci>Prv</ci>
               <ci>Ppcdc</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>Psa_a</ci>
            <apply>
               <times/>
               <ci>Kc</ci>
               <apply>
                  <log/>
                  <apply>
                     <plus/>
                     <apply>
                        <divide/>
                        <apply>
                           <minus/>
                           <ci>Vsa</ci>
                           <ci>Vsa_o</ci>
                        </apply>
                        <ci>Do</ci>
                     </apply>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>Psa</ci>
            <apply>
               <plus/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>F_vaso</ci>
                  <ci>Psa_a</ci>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <apply>
                     <minus/>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                     <ci>F_vaso</ci>
                  </apply>
                  <ci>Psa_p</ci>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>Psa_p</ci>
            <apply>
               <plus/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>Kp1</ci>
                  <apply>
                     <exp/>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <ci>tau_p</ci>
                        <apply>
                           <minus/>
                           <ci>Vsa</ci>
                           <ci>Vsa_o</ci>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>Kp2</ci>
                  <apply>
                     <power/>
                     <apply>
                        <minus/>
                        <ci>Vsa</ci>
                        <ci>Vsa_o</ci>
                     </apply>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>Psap</ci>
            <apply>
               <minus/>
               <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <ci>Vsap</ci>
                  <ci>Csap</ci>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <ci>Px2</ci>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <minus/>
                     <apply>
                        <exp/>
                        <apply>
                           <divide/>
                           <ci>Vsap</ci>
                           <ci>Vx8</ci>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>Psc</ci>
            <apply>
               <minus/>
               <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <ci>Vsc</ci>
                  <ci>Csc</ci>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <ci>Px2</ci>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <minus/>
                     <apply>
                        <exp/>
                        <apply>
                           <divide/>
                           <ci>Vsc</ci>
                           <ci>Vx8</ci>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>Psv</ci>
            <apply>
               <times/>
               <ci>Kv</ci>
               <apply>
                  <log/>
                  <apply>
                     <minus/>
                     <apply>
                        <divide/>
                        <ci>Vmax_sv</ci>
                        <ci>Vsv</ci>
                     </apply>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.99</cn>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>PulArtVol</ci>
            <apply>
               <plus/>
               <ci>Vpap</ci>
               <ci>Vpad</ci>
               <ci>Vpa</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>PulVenVol</ci>
            <ci>Vpv</ci>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>Pvc</ci>
            <piecewise>
               <piece>
                  <apply>
                     <minus/>
                     <apply>
                        <plus/>
                        <ci>D2</ci>
                        <apply>
                           <times/>
                           <ci>K2</ci>
                           <apply>
                              <exp/>
                              <apply>
                                 <divide/>
                                 <ci>Vo</ci>
                                 <ci>Vmin_vc</ci>
                              </apply>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                        <apply>
                           <divide/>
                           <apply>
                              <times/>
                              <ci>K1</ci>
                              <apply>
                                 <minus/>
                                 <ci>Vvc</ci>
                                 <ci>Vo</ci>
                              </apply>
                           </apply>
                           <cn cellml:units="capacitance">1</cn>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <divide/>
                        <ci>Px2</ci>
                        <apply>
                           <minus/>
                           <apply>
                              <exp/>
                              <apply>
                                 <divide/>
                                 <ci>Vvc</ci>
                                 <ci>Vx8</ci>
                              </apply>
                           </apply>
                           <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <gt/>
                     <ci>Vvc</ci>
                     <ci>Vo</ci>
                  </apply>
               </piece>
               <otherwise>
                  <apply>
                     <minus/>
                     <apply>
                        <plus/>
                        <ci>D2</ci>
                        <apply>
                           <times/>
                           <ci>K2</ci>
                           <apply>
                              <exp/>
                              <apply>
                                 <divide/>
                                 <ci>Vvc</ci>
                                 <ci>Vmin_vc</ci>
                              </apply>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <divide/>
                        <ci>Px2</ci>
                        <apply>
                           <minus/>
                           <apply>
                              <exp/>
                              <apply>
                                 <divide/>
                                 <ci>Vvc</ci>
                                 <ci>Vx8</ci>
                              </apply>
                           </apply>
                           <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                        </apply>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </otherwise>
            </piecewise>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>Pvcc</ci>
            <apply>
               <plus/>
               <ci>Pvc</ci>
               <ci>Pplc</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>Rsa</ci>
            <apply>
               <plus/>
               <ci>Rsao</ci>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>Kr</ci>
                  <apply>
                     <exp/>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">4</cn>
                        <ci>F_vaso</ci>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>Kr</ci>
                  <apply>
                     <power/>
                     <apply>
                        <divide/>
                        <ci>Vsa_max</ci>
                        <ci>Vsa</ci>
                     </apply>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>Rvc</ci>
            <apply>
               <plus/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>KR</ci>
                  <apply>
                     <power/>
                     <apply>
                        <divide/>
                        <ci>Vmax_vc</ci>
                        <ci>Vvc</ci>
                     </apply>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">2</cn>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <ci>Ro</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>SV</ci>
            <apply>
               <times/>
               <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <ci>COutput</ci>
                  <ci>HR</ci>
               </apply>
               <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">60</cn>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>SysArtVol</ci>
            <apply>
               <plus/>
               <ci>Vaop</ci>
               <ci>Vaod</ci>
               <ci>Vsa</ci>
               <ci>Vsap</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>SysVenVol</ci>
            <apply>
               <plus/>
               <ci>Vsv</ci>
               <ci>Vvc</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>VBcirc</ci>
            <apply>
               <minus/>
               <ci>Vtot</ci>
               <ci>perifl</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>t</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>Vaod</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <times/>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <apply>
                     <minus/>
                     <ci>Faop</ci>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <ci>Faod</ci>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.059999999999999984</cn>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <ci>Fcrb</ci>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.059999999999999984</cn>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">16.66666666666667</cn>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>t</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>Vaop</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <divide/>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <apply>
                     <minus/>
                     <ci>Paopc</ci>
                     <apply>
                        <divide/>
                        <ci>Vaop</ci>
                        <ci>Caop</ci>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <divide/>
                     <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <ci>Px2</ci>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                     </apply>
                     <apply>
                        <minus/>
                        <apply>
                           <exp/>
                           <apply>
                              <divide/>
                              <ci>Vaop</ci>
                              <ci>Vx8</ci>
                           </apply>
                        </apply>
                        <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <ci>Rtaop</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>t</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>Vcorao</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <minus/>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <apply>
                     <minus/>
                     <ci>Flv</ci>
                     <apply>
                        <diff/>
                        <bvar>
                           <ci>t</ci>
                        </bvar>
                        <ci>Vaop</ci>
                     </apply>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <ci>Faop</ci>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">16.66666666666667</cn>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <ci>Fcorao</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>t</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>Vcorcap</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <minus/>
               <ci>Fcorsa</ci>
               <ci>Fcorcap</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>Vcorcirc</ci>
            <apply>
               <plus/>
               <ci>Vcorao</ci>
               <ci>Vcorea</ci>
               <ci>Vcorla</ci>
               <ci>Vcorsa</ci>
               <ci>Vcorcap</ci>
               <ci>Vcorsv</ci>
               <ci>Vcorlv</ci>
               <ci>Vcorev</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>t</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>Vcorea</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <minus/>
               <ci>Fcorao</ci>
               <ci>Fcorea</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>t</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>Vcorev</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <minus/>
               <ci>Fcorlv</ci>
               <ci>Fcorev</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>t</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>Vcorla</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <minus/>
               <ci>Fcorea</ci>
               <ci>Fcorla</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>t</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>Vcorlv</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <minus/>
               <ci>Fcorsv</ci>
               <ci>Fcorlv</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>t</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>Vcorsa</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <minus/>
               <ci>Fcorla</ci>
               <ci>Fcorsa</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>t</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>Vcorsv</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <minus/>
               <ci>Fcorcap</ci>
               <ci>Fcorsv</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>t</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>Vla</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <minus/>
               <ci>Fpv</ci>
               <ci>Fla</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>Vlar</ci>
            <apply>
               <plus/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <apply>
                     <minus/>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                     <ci>yla</ci>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <minus/>
                     <ci>Vlard</ci>
                     <ci>Vlars</ci>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <ci>Vlars</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>t</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>Vlv</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <minus/>
               <ci>Fla</ci>
               <ci>Flv</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>Vlvr</ci>
            <apply>
               <plus/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <apply>
                     <minus/>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                     <ci>ylv</ci>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <minus/>
                     <ci>Vlvrd</ci>
                     <ci>Vlvrs</ci>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <ci>Vlvrs</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>t</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>Vpa</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <minus/>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>Fpad</ci>
                  <ci>Fps</ci>
               </apply>
               <ci>Fpa</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>t</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>Vpad</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <times/>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>Fpap</ci>
                  <apply>
                     <times/>
                     <ci>Fpad</ci>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">0.059999999999999984</cn>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">16.66666666666667</cn>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>t</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>Vpap</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <minus/>
               <ci>Frv</ci>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci>Fpap</ci>
                  <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">16.66666666666667</cn>
               </apply>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>t</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>Vpc</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <minus/>
               <ci>Fpa</ci>
               <ci>Fpc</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>Vpcd</ci>
            <apply>
               <plus/>
               <ci>Vrv</ci>
               <ci>Vra</ci>
               <ci>Vlv</ci>
               <ci>Vla</ci>
               <ci>perifl</ci>
               <ci>Vmyo</ci>
               <ci>Vcorcirc</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>t</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>Vpv</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <minus/>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <ci>Fpc</ci>
                  <ci>Fps</ci>
               </apply>
               <ci>Fpv</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>t</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>Vra</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <plus/>
               <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci>Fvc</ci>
                  <ci>Fra</ci>
               </apply>
               <ci>Fcorev</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>Vrar</ci>
            <apply>
               <plus/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <apply>
                     <minus/>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                     <ci>yra</ci>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <minus/>
                     <ci>Vrard</ci>
                     <ci>Vrars</ci>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <ci>Vrars</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>t</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>Vrv</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <minus/>
               <ci>Fra</ci>
               <ci>Frv</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>Vrvr</ci>
            <apply>
               <plus/>
               <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <apply>
                     <minus/>
                     <cn cellml:units="dimensionless">1</cn>
                     <ci>yrv</ci>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                     <minus/>
                     <ci>Vrvrd</ci>
                     <ci>Vrvrs</ci>
                  </apply>
               </apply>
               <ci>Vrvrs</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>t</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>Vsa</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <minus/>
               <ci>Fsap</ci>
               <ci>Fsa</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>t</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>Vsap</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <minus/>
               <ci>Faod</ci>
               <ci>Fsap</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>t</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>Vsc</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <minus/>
               <ci>Fsa</ci>
               <ci>Fsc</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>t</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>Vsv</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <minus/>
               <ci>Fsc</ci>
               <ci>Fsv</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <ci>Vtot</ci>
            <apply>
               <plus/>
               <ci>Vra</ci>
               <ci>Vrv</ci>
               <ci>Vpap</ci>
               <ci>Vpad</ci>
               <ci>Vpa</ci>
               <ci>Vpc</ci>
               <ci>Vpv</ci>
               <ci>Vla</ci>
               <ci>Vlv</ci>
               <ci>Vaop</ci>
               <ci>Vaod</ci>
               <ci>Vsa</ci>
               <ci>Vsap</ci>
               <ci>Vsc</ci>
               <ci>Vsv</ci>
               <ci>Vvc</ci>
               <ci>perifl</ci>
               <ci>Vcorcirc</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
         <apply>
            <eq/>
            <apply>
               <diff/>
               <bvar>
                  <ci>t</ci>
               </bvar>
               <ci>Vvc</ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
               <minus/>
               <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <ci>Fsv</ci>
                  <ci>Fcrb</ci>
               </apply>
               <ci>Fvc</ci>
            </apply>
         </apply>
      </math>
   </component>
</model>