function [VOI, STATES, ALGEBRAIC, CONSTANTS] = mainFunction()
    % This is the "main function".  In Matlab, things work best if you rename this function to match the filename.
   [VOI, STATES, ALGEBRAIC, CONSTANTS] = solveModel();
end

function [algebraicVariableCount] = getAlgebraicVariableCount() 
    % Used later when setting a global variable with the number of algebraic variables.
    % Note: This is not the "main method".  
    algebraicVariableCount =3;
end
% There are a total of 5 entries in each of the rate and state variable arrays.
% There are a total of 18 entries in the constant variable array.
%

function [VOI, STATES, ALGEBRAIC, CONSTANTS] = solveModel()
    % Create ALGEBRAIC of correct size
    global algebraicVariableCount;  algebraicVariableCount = getAlgebraicVariableCount();
    % Initialise constants and state variables
    [INIT_STATES, CONSTANTS] = initConsts;

    % Set timespan to solve over 
    tspan = [0, 10];

    % Set numerical accuracy options for ODE solver
    options = odeset('RelTol', 1e-06, 'AbsTol', 1e-06, 'MaxStep', 1);

    % Solve model with ODE solver
    [VOI, STATES] = ode15s(@(VOI, STATES)computeRates(VOI, STATES, CONSTANTS), tspan, INIT_STATES, options);

    % Compute algebraic variables
    [RATES, ALGEBRAIC] = computeRates(VOI, STATES, CONSTANTS);
    ALGEBRAIC = computeAlgebraic(ALGEBRAIC, CONSTANTS, STATES, VOI);

    % Plot state variables against variable of integration
    [LEGEND_STATES, LEGEND_ALGEBRAIC, LEGEND_VOI, LEGEND_CONSTANTS] = createLegends();
    figure();
    plot(VOI, STATES);
    xlabel(LEGEND_VOI);
    l = legend(LEGEND_STATES);
    set(l,'Interpreter','none');
end

function [LEGEND_STATES, LEGEND_ALGEBRAIC, LEGEND_VOI, LEGEND_CONSTANTS] = createLegends()
    LEGEND_STATES = ''; LEGEND_ALGEBRAIC = ''; LEGEND_VOI = ''; LEGEND_CONSTANTS = '';
    LEGEND_VOI = strpad('time in component environment (day)');
    LEGEND_STATES(:,1) = strpad('T in component T (per_ml)');
    LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,1) = strpad('lamda in component T (second_order_rate_constant)');
    LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,2) = strpad('d in component T (first_order_rate_constant)');
    LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,3) = strpad('k in component kinetic_parameters (flux)');
    LEGEND_STATES(:,2) = strpad('VI in component VI (per_ml)');
    LEGEND_STATES(:,3) = strpad('T_ in component T_ (per_ml)');
    LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,4) = strpad('tau in component T_ (first_order_rate_constant)');
    LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,5) = strpad('m in component T_ (first_order_rate_constant)');
    LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,6) = strpad('delta in component kinetic_parameters (first_order_rate_constant)');
    LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,7) = strpad('N in component kinetic_parameters (dimensionless)');
    LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,8) = strpad('c in component kinetic_parameters (first_order_rate_constant)');
    LEGEND_ALGEBRAIC(:,1) = strpad('epsilon_PI in component epsilon_PI (dimensionless)');
    LEGEND_STATES(:,4) = strpad('VNI in component VNI (per_ml)');
    LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,9) = strpad('IC50 in component epsilon_PI (mg_per_ml)');
    LEGEND_STATES(:,5) = strpad('Cc in component Cc (mg_per_ml)');
    LEGEND_ALGEBRAIC(:,2) = strpad('Cb in component Cb (mg_per_ml)');
    LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,10) = strpad('Vd in component Cb (ml)');
    LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,11) = strpad('F in component Cb (dimensionless)');
    LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,12) = strpad('D in component Cb (mg)');
    LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,13) = strpad('ka in component kinetic_parameters (first_order_rate_constant)');
    LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,14) = strpad('ke in component kinetic_parameters (first_order_rate_constant)');
    LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,15) = strpad('kacell in component Cc (first_order_rate_constant)');
    LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,16) = strpad('kecell in component Cc (first_order_rate_constant)');
    LEGEND_ALGEBRAIC(:,3) = strpad('Cx in component Cx (mg_per_ml)');
    LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,17) = strpad('H in component Cx (dimensionless)');
    LEGEND_CONSTANTS(:,18) = strpad('fb in component Cx (dimensionless)');
    LEGEND_RATES(:,1) = strpad('d/dt T in component T (per_ml)');
    LEGEND_RATES(:,3) = strpad('d/dt T_ in component T_ (per_ml)');
    LEGEND_RATES(:,2) = strpad('d/dt VI in component VI (per_ml)');
    LEGEND_RATES(:,4) = strpad('d/dt VNI in component VNI (per_ml)');
    LEGEND_RATES(:,5) = strpad('d/dt Cc in component Cc (mg_per_ml)');
    LEGEND_STATES  = LEGEND_STATES';
    LEGEND_ALGEBRAIC = LEGEND_ALGEBRAIC';
    LEGEND_RATES = LEGEND_RATES';
    LEGEND_CONSTANTS = LEGEND_CONSTANTS';
end

function [STATES, CONSTANTS] = initConsts()
    VOI = 0; CONSTANTS = []; STATES = []; ALGEBRAIC = [];
    STATES(:,1) = 1e6;
    CONSTANTS(:,1) = 1e4;
    CONSTANTS(:,2) = 0.01;
    CONSTANTS(:,3) = 2.4e-8;
    STATES(:,2) = 1;
    STATES(:,3) = 1;
    CONSTANTS(:,4) = 1.5;
    CONSTANTS(:,5) = 0.01;
    CONSTANTS(:,6) = 0.01;
    CONSTANTS(:,7) = 2500;
    CONSTANTS(:,8) = 23;
    STATES(:,4) = 2;
    CONSTANTS(:,9) = 9e-7;
    STATES(:,5) = 0;
    CONSTANTS(:,10) = 28000;
    CONSTANTS(:,11) = 1;
    CONSTANTS(:,12) = 600;
    CONSTANTS(:,13) = 14.64;
    CONSTANTS(:,14) = 6.86;
    CONSTANTS(:,15) = 24000;
    CONSTANTS(:,16) = 1.1;
    CONSTANTS(:,17) = 0.052;
    CONSTANTS(:,18) = 0.99;
    if (isempty(STATES)), warning('Initial values for states not set');, end
end

function [RATES, ALGEBRAIC] = computeRates(VOI, STATES, CONSTANTS)
    global algebraicVariableCount;
    statesSize = size(STATES);
    statesColumnCount = statesSize(2);
    if ( statesColumnCount == 1)
        STATES = STATES';
        ALGEBRAIC = zeros(1, algebraicVariableCount);
        utilOnes = 1;
    else
        statesRowCount = statesSize(1);
        ALGEBRAIC = zeros(statesRowCount, algebraicVariableCount);
        RATES = zeros(statesRowCount, statesColumnCount);
        utilOnes = ones(statesRowCount, 1);
    end
    RATES(:,1) = CONSTANTS(:,1) - ( CONSTANTS(:,2).*STATES(:,1)+ CONSTANTS(:,3).*STATES(:,1).*STATES(:,2));
    RATES(:,3) =  CONSTANTS(:,3).*STATES(:,1).*(VOI - CONSTANTS(:,4)).*STATES(:,2).*(VOI - CONSTANTS(:,4)).*exp(  - CONSTANTS(:,5).*CONSTANTS(:,4)) -  CONSTANTS(:,6).*STATES(:,3);
    ALGEBRAIC(:,1) = STATES(:,5)./(CONSTANTS(:,9)+STATES(:,5));
    RATES(:,2) =  CONSTANTS(:,7).*CONSTANTS(:,6).*STATES(:,3).*(1.00000 - ALGEBRAIC(:,1)) -  CONSTANTS(:,8).*STATES(:,2);
    RATES(:,4) =  CONSTANTS(:,7).*CONSTANTS(:,6).*STATES(:,3).*ALGEBRAIC(:,1) -  CONSTANTS(:,8).*STATES(:,4);
    ALGEBRAIC(:,2) =  (( CONSTANTS(:,11).*CONSTANTS(:,12))./CONSTANTS(:,10)).*(CONSTANTS(:,13)./(CONSTANTS(:,14) - CONSTANTS(:,13))).*(exp(  - CONSTANTS(:,13).*VOI) - exp(  - CONSTANTS(:,14).*VOI));
    ALGEBRAIC(:,3) = piecewise({ (1.00000 - CONSTANTS(:,18)).*CONSTANTS(:,17).*ALGEBRAIC(:,2) - STATES(:,5)>0.00000,  (1.00000 - CONSTANTS(:,18)).*CONSTANTS(:,17).*ALGEBRAIC(:,2) - STATES(:,5) }, 0.00000);
    RATES(:,5) =  CONSTANTS(:,15).*ALGEBRAIC(:,3) -  CONSTANTS(:,16).*STATES(:,5);
   RATES = RATES';
end

% Calculate algebraic variables
function ALGEBRAIC = computeAlgebraic(ALGEBRAIC, CONSTANTS, STATES, VOI)
    statesSize = size(STATES);
    statesColumnCount = statesSize(2);
    if ( statesColumnCount == 1)
        STATES = STATES';
        utilOnes = 1;
    else
        statesRowCount = statesSize(1);
        utilOnes = ones(statesRowCount, 1);
    end
    ALGEBRAIC(:,1) = STATES(:,5)./(CONSTANTS(:,9)+STATES(:,5));
    ALGEBRAIC(:,2) =  (( CONSTANTS(:,11).*CONSTANTS(:,12))./CONSTANTS(:,10)).*(CONSTANTS(:,13)./(CONSTANTS(:,14) - CONSTANTS(:,13))).*(exp(  - CONSTANTS(:,13).*VOI) - exp(  - CONSTANTS(:,14).*VOI));
    ALGEBRAIC(:,3) = piecewise({ (1.00000 - CONSTANTS(:,18)).*CONSTANTS(:,17).*ALGEBRAIC(:,2) - STATES(:,5)>0.00000,  (1.00000 - CONSTANTS(:,18)).*CONSTANTS(:,17).*ALGEBRAIC(:,2) - STATES(:,5) }, 0.00000);
end

% Compute result of a piecewise function
function x = piecewise(cases, default)
    set = [0];
    for i = 1:2:length(cases)
        if (length(cases{i+1}) == 1)
            x(cases{i} & ~set,:) = cases{i+1};
        else
            x(cases{i} & ~set,:) = cases{i+1}(cases{i} & ~set);
        end
        set = set | cases{i};
        if(set), break, end
    end
    if (length(default) == 1)
        x(~set,:) = default;
    else
        x(~set,:) = default(~set);
    end
end

% Pad out or shorten strings to a set length
function strout = strpad(strin)
    req_length = 160;
    insize = size(strin,2);
    if insize > req_length
        strout = strin(1:req_length);
    else
        strout = [strin, blanks(req_length - insize)];
    end
end