Nowak, Bangham, 1996
Model Status
This is the original unchecked version of the model imported from the previous CellML model repository, 24-Jan-2006.
Model Structure
Although advances in molecular techniques have lead to the elucidation of data on the mechanisms of immune recognition, still little is known about the population dynamics of the immune response. This is where mathematical models will begin to play an important role. For example in HIV infection, mathematical models have been developed to describe the slow decline in CD4+ cells over many years, the interaction between HIV and other opportunistic infections, the emergence of drug-resistant viruses, and the consequences of antigenic diversity and viral evolution during single infections. In the study described here, Nowak and Bangham develop a mathematical framework for viral replication and immune responses (see the figure below). In particular they focus on virus-host cell interaction and the consequences of immune responses on virus load and antigenic diversity.
The paper presents three models:
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The first is a simple model which represents the interaction between a replicating virus and host cells;
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the second model includes immune responses against infected cells;
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and in the third model the virus mutates, both in terms of replication ability and escape from immune responses.
The complete original paper reference is cited below:
Population Dynamics of Immune Responses to Persistent Viruses, Martin A. Nowak and Charles R. M. Bangham, 1996, Science , 272, 74-79. ( A PDF version of the article is available on the Science website.) PubMed ID: 8600540
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| Schematic diagram of a model for virus-CTL interaction. |