Rendering of the source text

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!--  FILE :  LR_II_model_1994.xml

CREATED :  28th March 2002

LAST MODIFIED : 30th July 2003

AUTHOR :  Catherine Lloyd
          The Bioengineering Institute
          The University of Auckland
          
MODEL STATUS :  This model conforms to the CellML 1.0 Specification released on
10th August 2001, and the CellML Metadata 1.0 Specification released on 16th
January, 2002.

DESCRIPTION :  This file contains a CellML description of the mammalian
ventricular action potential based on the Luo-Rudy II model, 1994.  This model
is a development of the LR-I model.  In particular, the LR-II model describes
the processes which regulate [Ca]i (intracellular Calcium concentration), and
the movement of calcium ions through the cell and to and from the sarcoplasmic
reticulum. 

CHANGES: 
  18/07/2002 - CML - Added more metadata.
  09/04/2003 - AAC - Added publication date information.  
  05/06/2003 - CML - Fixed MathML in a few components.
  30/07/2003 - CML - Fixed MathML in a few components.
--><model xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" xmlns:cmeta="http://www.cellml.org/metadata/1.0#" cmeta:id="luo_rudy_1994" name="luo_rudy_1994">
  
<documentation xmlns="http://cellml.org/tmp-documentation">
<article>
  <articleinfo>
  <title>A dynamic model of the cardiac ventricular action potential. I. Simulations of ionic currents and concentration changes</title>
  <author>
    <firstname>Catherine</firstname>
          <surname>Lloyd</surname>
      <affiliation>
      <shortaffil>Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland</shortaffil>
    </affiliation>
  </author>
</articleinfo>
  <section id="sec_status">
    <title>Model Status</title>
    <para>
        This CellML model has been written to be compatible with CMISS. Alone it cannot be run and a new version will have to be created.
          </para>
  </section>
  <sect1 id="sec_structure">
<title>Model Structure</title>

<para>
ABSTRACT: A mathematical model of the cardiac ventricular action potential is presented. In our previous work, the membrane Na+ current and K+ currents were formulated. The present article focuses on processes that regulate intracellular Ca2+ and depend on its concentration. The model presented here for the mammalian ventricular action potential is based mostly on the guinea pig ventricular cell. However, it provides the framework for modeling other types of ventricular cells with appropriate modifications made to account for species differences. The following processes are formulated: Ca2+ current through the L-type channel (ICa), the Na(+)-Ca2+ exchanger, Ca2+ release and uptake by the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), buffering of Ca2+ in the SR and in the myoplasm, a Ca2+ pump in the sarcolemma, the Na(+)-K+ pump, and a nonspecific Ca(2+)-activated membrane current. Activation of ICa is an order of magnitude faster than in previous models. Inactivation of ICa depends on both the membrane voltage and [Ca2+]i. SR is divided into two subcompartments, a network SR (NSR) and a junctional SR (JSR). Functionally, Ca2+ enters the NSR and translocates to the JSR following a monoexponential function. Release of Ca2+ occurs at JSR and can be triggered by two different mechanisms, Ca(2+)-induced Ca2+ release and spontaneous release. The model provides the basis for the study of arrhythmogenic activity of the single myocyte including afterdepolarizations and triggered activity. It can simulate cellular responses under different degrees of Ca2+ overload. Such simulations are presented in our accompanying article in this issue of Circulation Research.</para>

<para>
The original paper reference is cited below:
</para>

<para>
A dynamic model of the cardiac ventricular action potential. I. Simulations of ionic currents and concentration changes, Ching-hsing Luo and Yoram Rudy, 1994, <emphasis>Circulation Research</emphasis>, 74, 1071-1097.  <ulink url="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7514509">PubMed ID: 7514509</ulink>
</para>

<informalfigure float="0" id="fig_cell_diagram">
<mediaobject>
  <imageobject>
    <objectinfo>
      <title>cell diagram of the LR-II model showing ionic currents, pumps and exchangers within the sarcolemma and the sarcoplasmic reticulum</title>
    </objectinfo>
    <imagedata fileref="luo_1994.png"/>
  </imageobject>
</mediaobject>
<caption>A schematic diagram describing the ionic currents, pumps and exchangers that are captured in the LR-II model.  The intracellular compartment is the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), which is divided into the two subcompartments, the network SR (NSR) and the junctional SR (JSR).  Ca<superscript>2+</superscript> buffers are present in both the cytoplasm and the JSR.</caption>
</informalfigure>

</sect1>
</article>
</documentation>
  
 
  <units name="ms">
    <unit prefix="milli" units="second"/>
  </units>
  
  <units name="per_ms">
    <unit exponent="-1" prefix="milli" units="second"/>
  </units>

  <units name="per_mm">
    <unit exponent="-1" prefix="milli" units="metre"/>
  </units>

  <units name="mV">
    <unit prefix="milli" units="volt"/>
  </units>

  <units name="mV_per_ms">
    <unit units="mV"/>
    <unit exponent="-1" units="ms"/>
  </units>

  <units name="per_mV">
    <unit exponent="-1" prefix="milli" units="volt"/>
  </units>
  
  <units name="per_mV_ms">
    <unit exponent="-1" units="mV"/>
    <unit exponent="-1" units="ms"/>
  </units>
  
  <units name="mS_per_mm2">
    <unit prefix="milli" units="siemens"/>
    <unit exponent="-2" prefix="milli" units="metre"/>
  </units>
  
  <units name="uF_per_mm2">
    <unit prefix="micro" units="farad"/>
    <unit exponent="-2" prefix="milli" units="metre"/>
  </units>

  <units name="uA_per_mm2">
    <unit prefix="micro" units="ampere"/>
    <unit exponent="-2" prefix="milli" units="metre"/>
  </units>
  
  <units name="mM_per_ms">
    <unit units="mM"/>
    <unit exponent="-1" units="ms"/>
  </units>
  
  <units name="mM">
    <unit prefix="nano" units="mole"/>
    <unit exponent="-3" prefix="milli" units="metre"/>
  </units>
  
  <units name="gas_constant_units">
    <unit prefix="pico" units="joule"/>
    <unit exponent="-1" prefix="nano" units="mole"/>
    <unit exponent="-1" units="kelvin"/>
  </units>
  
  <units name="faradays_constant_units">
    <unit prefix="nano" units="coulomb"/>
    <unit exponent="-1" prefix="nano" units="mole"/>
  </units>
  
  <units name="mm_per_ms">
    <unit prefix="milli" units="metre"/>
    <unit exponent="-1" units="ms"/>
  </units>
  
  <units name="mm2">
    <unit exponent="2" prefix="milli" units="metre"/>
  </units>
 
  <component cmeta:id="environment" name="environment">
    <variable cmeta:id="environment_time" name="time" public_interface="out" units="ms"/>
  </component>
  
  <component cmeta:id="membrane" name="membrane">
    <variable cmeta:id="membrane_V" initial_value="-84.624" name="V" public_interface="out" units="mV"/>
    <variable initial_value="8.3145e3" name="R" public_interface="out" units="gas_constant_units"/>
    <variable initial_value="310.0" name="T" public_interface="out" units="kelvin"/>
    <variable initial_value="96845.0" name="F" public_interface="out" units="faradays_constant_units"/>
    <variable name="dV_dt" public_interface="out" units="mV_per_ms"/>
    
    <variable initial_value="0.01" name="Cm" units="uF_per_mm2"/>
    <variable name="I_st" units="uA_per_mm2"/>
    
    <variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="ms"/>
    <variable name="i_Na" public_interface="in" units="uA_per_mm2"/>
    <variable name="i_Ca_L" public_interface="in" units="uA_per_mm2"/>
    <variable name="i_K" public_interface="in" units="uA_per_mm2"/>
    <variable name="i_NaCa" public_interface="in" units="uA_per_mm2"/>
    <variable name="i_K1" public_interface="in" units="uA_per_mm2"/>
    <variable name="i_Kp" public_interface="in" units="uA_per_mm2"/>
    <variable name="i_p_Ca" public_interface="in" units="uA_per_mm2"/>
    <variable name="i_Na_b" public_interface="in" units="uA_per_mm2"/>
    <variable name="i_Ca_b" public_interface="in" units="uA_per_mm2"/>
    <variable name="i_NaK" public_interface="in" units="uA_per_mm2"/>
    <variable name="i_ns_Ca" public_interface="in" units="uA_per_mm2"/>
    
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" cmeta:id="dV_dt_eq">
      <apply id="dV_dt_eq">
        <eq/>
        <ci>dV_dt</ci>
        <apply>
          <divide/>
          <apply>
            <minus/>
            <ci> I_st </ci>
            <apply>
              <plus/>
              <ci> i_Na </ci>
              <ci> i_Ca_L </ci>
              <ci> i_K </ci>
              <ci> i_K1 </ci>
              <ci> i_Kp </ci>
              <ci> i_NaCa </ci>
              <ci> i_p_Ca </ci>
              <ci> i_Na_b </ci>
              <ci> i_Ca_b </ci>
              <ci> i_NaK </ci>
              <ci> i_ns_Ca </ci>
            </apply>
          </apply>
          <ci> Cm </ci>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
     
    <variable initial_value="1e3" name="stimPeriod" units="dimensionless"/>
    <variable initial_value="0.5" name="stimDuration" units="dimensionless"/>
    <variable initial_value="0.5" name="stimCurrent" units="dimensionless"/>
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="Istim_calculation">
      <apply><eq/>
        <ci>I_st</ci>
        <piecewise>
          <piece>
            <ci>stimCurrent</ci>
            <apply><lt/>
              <apply><rem/>
                <ci>time</ci>
                <ci>stimPeriod</ci>
              </apply>
              <ci>stimDuration</ci>
            </apply>
          </piece>
          <otherwise>
            <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless">0.0</cn>
          </otherwise>
        </piecewise>
      </apply>
    </math>

    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" cmeta:id="membrane_voltage_diff_eq">
      <apply id="membrane_voltage_diff_eq">
        <eq/>
        <apply>
          <diff/>
          <bvar>
            <ci> time </ci>
          </bvar>
          <ci> V </ci>
        </apply>
        <ci>dV_dt</ci>
      </apply>
    </math>
    
  </component>
  
  <component cmeta:id="fast_sodium_current" name="fast_sodium_current">
    <variable name="i_Na" public_interface="out" units="uA_per_mm2"/>
    <variable name="E_Na" public_interface="out" units="mV"/>
    
    <variable initial_value="0.16" name="g_Na" units="mS_per_mm2"/>
    
    <variable name="time" private_interface="out" public_interface="in" units="ms"/>
    <variable name="V" private_interface="out" public_interface="in" units="mV"/>
    <variable name="R" public_interface="in" units="gas_constant_units"/>
    <variable name="F" public_interface="in" units="faradays_constant_units"/>
    <variable name="T" public_interface="in" units="kelvin"/>
    <variable name="Nai" public_interface="in" units="mM"/>
    <variable name="Nao" public_interface="in" units="mM"/>
   
    <variable name="m" private_interface="in" units="dimensionless"/>
    <variable name="h" private_interface="in" units="dimensionless"/>
    <variable name="j" private_interface="in" units="dimensionless"/>
    
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" cmeta:id="i_Na_calculation_eq">
      <apply id="i_Na_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> i_Na </ci>
        <apply>
          <times/>
          <ci> g_Na </ci>
          <apply>
            <power/>
            <ci> m </ci>
            <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> 3.0 </cn>
          </apply>
          <ci> h </ci>
          <ci> j </ci>
          <apply>
            <minus/>
            <ci> V </ci>
            <ci> E_Na </ci>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
    
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" cmeta:id="E_Na_calculation_eq">
      <apply id="E_Na_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> E_Na </ci>
        <apply>
          <times/>
          <apply>
            <divide/>
            <apply>
              <times/>
              <ci> R </ci>
              <ci> T </ci>
            </apply>
            <ci> F </ci>
          </apply>
          <apply>
            <ln/>                
            <apply>
              <divide/>
              <ci> Nao </ci>
              <ci> Nai </ci>
            </apply>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply> 
    </math>
  </component>
  
  <component cmeta:id="fast_sodium_current_m_gate" name="fast_sodium_current_m_gate">
    <variable initial_value="0.0" name="m" public_interface="out" units="dimensionless"/>
        
    <variable name="alpha_m" units="per_ms"/>
    <variable name="beta_m" units="per_ms"/>

    <variable name="V" public_interface="in" units="mV"/>
    <variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="ms"/>
   
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" cmeta:id="alpha_m_calculation_eq">
      <apply id="alpha_m_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> alpha_m </ci>
        <apply>
          <divide/>
          <apply>
            <times/>
            <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_mV_ms"> 0.32 </cn>
            <apply>
              <plus/>
              <ci> V </ci>
              <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="mV"> 47.13 </cn>
            </apply>
          </apply>
          <apply>
            <minus/>
            <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
            <apply>
              <exp/>
              <apply>
                <times/>
                <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_mV"> -0.1 </cn>
                <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <ci> V </ci>
                  <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="mV"> 47.13 </cn>
                </apply>
              </apply>
            </apply>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
      
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" cmeta:id="beta_m_calculation_eq">
      <apply id="beta_m_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> beta_m </ci>
        <apply>
          <times/>
          <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_ms"> 0.08 </cn>
          <apply>
            <exp/>
            <apply>
              <divide/>
              <apply>
                <minus/>
                <ci> V </ci>
              </apply>
              <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="mV"> 11.0 </cn>
            </apply>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
      
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" cmeta:id="dm_dt_eq">
      <apply id="dm_dt">
        <eq/>
        <apply>
          <diff/>
          <bvar>
            <ci> time </ci>
          </bvar>
          <ci> m </ci>
        </apply>
        <apply>
          <minus/>
          <apply>
            <times/>
            <ci> alpha_m </ci>
            <apply>
              <minus/>
              <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
              <ci> m </ci>
            </apply>
          </apply>
          <apply>
            <times/>
            <ci> beta_m </ci>
            <ci> m </ci>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
  </component>
  
  <component cmeta:id="fast_sodium_current_h_gate" name="fast_sodium_current_h_gate">
    <variable initial_value="1.0" name="h" public_interface="out" units="dimensionless"/>
        
    <variable name="alpha_h" units="per_ms"/>
    <variable name="beta_h" units="per_ms"/>

    <variable name="V" public_interface="in" units="mV"/>
    <variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="ms"/>
    
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" cmeta:id="alpha_h_calculation_eq">
      <apply id="alpha_h_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> alpha_h </ci>
        <piecewise>
          <piece>
            <apply>
              <times/>
              <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_ms"> 0.135 </cn>
              <apply>
                <exp/>
                <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <apply>
                    <plus/>
                    <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="mV"> 80.0 </cn>
                    <ci> V </ci>
                  </apply>
                  <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="mV"> -6.8 </cn>
                </apply>
              </apply>
            </apply>
            <apply>
              <lt/>
              <ci> V </ci> 
              <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="mV"> -40.0 </cn>
            </apply>
          </piece>
          <otherwise>
            <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_ms"> 0.0 </cn>
          </otherwise>
        </piecewise>
      </apply>
    </math>
     
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" cmeta:id="beta_h_calculation_eq">
      <apply id="beta_h_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> beta_h </ci>
        <piecewise>
          <piece>
            <apply>
              <plus/>
              <apply>
                <times/>
                <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_ms"> 3.56 </cn>
                <apply>
                  <exp/>
                  <apply>
                    <times/>
                    <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="mV"> 0.079 </cn>
                    <ci> V </ci>
                  </apply>
                </apply>
              </apply>
              <apply>
                <times/>
                <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_ms"> 310000.0 </cn>
                <apply>
                  <exp/>
                  <apply>
                    <times/>
                    <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_mV"> 0.35 </cn>
                    <ci> V </ci>
                  </apply>
                </apply>
              </apply>
            </apply>
            <apply>
              <lt/>
              <ci> V </ci>
              <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="mV"> -40.0 </cn>
            </apply>
          </piece>
          <otherwise>
            <apply>
              <divide/>
              <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
              <apply>
                <times/>
                <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="ms"> 0.13 </cn>
                <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
                  <apply>
                    <exp/>
                    <apply>
                      <divide/>
                      <apply>
                        <plus/>
                        <ci> V </ci>
                        <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="mV"> 10.66 </cn>
                      </apply>
                      <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="mV"> -11.1 </cn>
                    </apply>
                  </apply>
                </apply>
              </apply>
            </apply>
          </otherwise>
        </piecewise>
      </apply>
    </math>
      
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" cmeta:id="dh_dt_eq">
      <apply id="dh_dt">
        <eq/>
        <apply>
          <diff/>
          <bvar>
            <ci> time </ci>
          </bvar>
          <ci> h </ci>
        </apply>
        <apply>
          <minus/>
          <apply>
            <times/>
            <ci> alpha_h </ci>
            <apply>
              <minus/>
              <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
              <ci> h </ci>
            </apply>
          </apply>
          <apply>
            <times/>
            <ci> beta_h </ci>
            <ci> h </ci>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
  </component>
  
  <component cmeta:id="fast_sodium_current_j_gate" name="fast_sodium_current_j_gate">
    <variable initial_value="1.0" name="j" public_interface="out" units="dimensionless"/>
        
    <variable name="alpha_j" units="per_ms"/>
    <variable name="beta_j" units="per_ms"/>
    
    <variable name="V" public_interface="in" units="mV"/>
    <variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="ms"/>
    
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" cmeta:id="alpha_j_calculation_eq">
      <apply id="alpha_j_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> alpha_j </ci>
        <piecewise>
          <piece>
            <apply>
              <times/>
              <apply>
                <minus/>
                <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_mV_ms"> -127140.0 </cn>
                  <apply>
                    <exp/>
                    <apply>
                      <times/> 
                      <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_mV"> 0.2444 </cn>
                      <ci> V </ci>
                    </apply>
                  </apply>
                </apply>
                <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_mV_ms"> 0.00003474 </cn>
                  <apply>
                    <exp/>
                    <apply>
                      <times/>
                      <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_mV"> -0.04391 </cn>
                      <ci> V </ci>
                    </apply>
                  </apply>
                </apply>
              </apply>
              <apply>
                <divide/>
                <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <ci> V </ci>
                  <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="mV"> 37.78 </cn>
                </apply>
                <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
                  <apply>
                    <exp/>
                    <apply>
                      <times/>
                      <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_mV"> 0.311 </cn>
                      <apply>
                        <plus/>
                        <ci> V </ci>
                        <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="mV"> 79.23 </cn>
                      </apply>
                    </apply>
                  </apply>
                </apply>
              </apply>
            </apply>
            <apply>
              <lt/>
              <ci> V </ci>
              <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="mV"> -40.0 </cn>
            </apply>
          </piece>
          <otherwise>
            <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_ms"> 0.0 </cn>
          </otherwise>
        </piecewise>
      </apply>
    </math>
     
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" cmeta:id="beta_j_calculation_eq">
      <apply id="beta_j_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> beta_j </ci>
        <piecewise>
          <piece>
            <apply>
              <divide/>
              <apply>
                <times/>
                <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_ms"> 0.1212 </cn>
                <apply>
                  <exp/>
                  <apply>
                    <times/>
                    <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_mV"> -0.01052 </cn>
                    <ci> V </ci>
                  </apply>
                </apply>
              </apply>
              <apply>
                <plus/>
                <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
                <apply>
                  <exp/>
                  <apply>
                    <times/>
                    <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_mV"> -0.1378 </cn>
                    <apply>
                      <plus/>       
                      <ci> V </ci>
                      <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="mV"> 40.14 </cn>
                    </apply>
                  </apply>
                </apply>
              </apply>
            </apply>
            <apply>
              <lt/>
              <ci> V </ci>
              <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="mV"> -40.0 </cn>
            </apply>
          </piece>
          <otherwise>
            <apply>
              <divide/>
              <apply>
                <times/>
                <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_ms"> 0.3 </cn>
                <apply>
                  <exp/>
                  <apply>
                    <times/>
                    <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_mV"> -0.0000002535 </cn>
                    <ci> V </ci>                                                
                  </apply>
                </apply>
              </apply>
              <apply>
                <plus/>
                <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
                <apply>
                  <exp/>
                  <apply>
                    <times/>
                    <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_mV"> -0.1 </cn>
                    <apply>
                      <plus/>
                      <ci> V </ci>
                      <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="mV"> 32.0 </cn>
                    </apply>
                  </apply>
                </apply>
              </apply>
            </apply>                                                            
          </otherwise> 
        </piecewise>
      </apply>
    </math>
    
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" cmeta:id="dj_dt_eq">
      <apply id="dj_dt">
        <eq/>
        <apply>
          <diff/>
          <bvar>
            <ci> time </ci>
          </bvar>
          <ci> j </ci>
        </apply>
        <apply>
          <minus/>
          <apply>
            <times/>
            <ci> alpha_j </ci>
            <apply>
              <minus/>
              <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
              <ci> j </ci>
            </apply>
          </apply>
          <apply>
            <times/>
            <ci> beta_j </ci>
            <ci> j </ci>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
  </component>
  
  <component cmeta:id="L_type_Ca_channel" name="L_type_Ca_channel">
    <variable name="i_Ca_L" public_interface="out" units="uA_per_mm2"/>
    <variable name="i_CaCa" public_interface="out" units="uA_per_mm2"/>
    <variable name="i_CaK" public_interface="out" units="uA_per_mm2"/>
    <variable name="i_CaNa" public_interface="out" units="uA_per_mm2"/>
    <variable initial_value="0.75" name="gamma_Nai" public_interface="out" units="dimensionless"/>
    <variable initial_value="0.75" name="gamma_Nao" public_interface="out" units="dimensionless"/>
    <variable initial_value="0.75" name="gamma_Ki" public_interface="out" units="dimensionless"/>
    <variable initial_value="0.75" name="gamma_Ko" public_interface="out" units="dimensionless"/>
    
    <variable name="I_CaCa" units="uA_per_mm2"/>
    <variable name="I_CaK" units="uA_per_mm2"/>
    <variable name="I_CaNa" units="uA_per_mm2"/>
    <variable initial_value="5.4e-6" name="P_Ca" units="mm_per_ms"/>
    <variable initial_value="6.75e-9" name="P_Na" units="mm_per_ms"/>
    <variable initial_value="1.93e-9" name="P_K" units="mm_per_ms"/>
    <variable initial_value="1.0" name="gamma_Cai" units="dimensionless"/>
    <variable initial_value="0.34" name="gamma_Cao" units="dimensionless"/>
   
    <variable name="time" private_interface="out" public_interface="in" units="ms"/>
    <variable name="V" private_interface="out" public_interface="in" units="mV"/>
    <variable name="Cai" private_interface="out" public_interface="in" units="mM"/>
    <variable name="R" public_interface="in" units="gas_constant_units"/>
    <variable name="T" public_interface="in" units="kelvin"/>
    <variable name="F" public_interface="in" units="faradays_constant_units"/>
    <variable name="Cao" public_interface="in" units="mM"/>
    <variable name="Nao" public_interface="in" units="mM"/>
    <variable name="Ko" public_interface="in" units="mM"/>
    <variable name="Nai" public_interface="in" units="mM"/>
    <variable name="Ki" public_interface="in" units="mM"/>
    
    <variable name="d" private_interface="in" units="dimensionless"/>
    <variable name="f" private_interface="in" units="dimensionless"/>
    <variable name="f_Ca" private_interface="in" units="dimensionless"/>
    
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" cmeta:id="i_CaCa_calculation_eq">
      <apply id="i_CaCa_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> i_CaCa </ci>
        <apply>
          <times/>
          <ci> d </ci>
          <ci> f </ci>
          <ci> f_Ca </ci>
          <ci> I_CaCa </ci>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
      
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" cmeta:id="i_CaNa_calculation_eq">
      <apply id="i_CaNa_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> i_CaNa </ci>
        <apply>
          <times/>
          <ci> d </ci>
          <ci> f </ci>
          <ci> f_Ca </ci>
          <ci> I_CaNa </ci>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
      
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" cmeta:id="i_CaK_calculation_eq">
      <apply id="i_CaK_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> i_CaK </ci>
        <apply>
          <times/>
          <ci> d </ci>
          <ci> f </ci>
          <ci> f_Ca </ci>
          <ci> I_CaK </ci>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
     
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" cmeta:id="I_CaCa_calculation_eq">
      <apply id="I_CaCa_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> I_CaCa </ci>
        <apply>
          <times/>
          <ci> P_Ca </ci>
          <apply>
            <power/>
            <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
            <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
          </apply>
          <apply>
            <divide/>
            <apply>
              <times/>
              <ci> V </ci>
              <apply>
                <power/>
                <ci> F </ci>
                <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
              </apply>
            </apply>
            <apply>
              <times/>
              <ci> R </ci>
              <ci> T </ci>
            </apply>
          </apply>
          <apply>
            <divide/>
            <apply>
              <minus/>
              <apply>
                <times/>
                <ci> gamma_Cai </ci>
                <ci> Cai </ci>
                <apply>
                  <exp/>
                  <apply>
                    <divide/>
                    <apply>
                      <times/>
                      <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
                      <ci> V </ci>
                      <ci> F </ci>
                    </apply>
                    <apply>
                      <times/>
                      <ci> R </ci> 
                      <ci> T </ci>
                    </apply>
                  </apply>
                </apply>
              </apply>
              <apply>
                <times/>
                <ci> gamma_Cao </ci>
                <ci> Cao </ci>
              </apply>
            </apply>
            <apply>
              <minus/>
              <apply>
                <exp/>
                <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <apply>
                    <times/>
                    <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
                    <ci> V </ci>
                    <ci> F </ci>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                    <times/>
                    <ci> R </ci>
                    <ci> T </ci>
                  </apply>
                </apply>
              </apply>
              <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
            </apply>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
     
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" cmeta:id="I_CaNa_calculation_eq">
      <apply id="I_CaNa_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> I_CaNa </ci>
        <apply>
          <times/>
          <ci> P_Na </ci>
          <apply>
            <power/>
            <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
            <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
          </apply>
          <apply>
            <divide/>
            <apply>
              <times/>
              <ci> V </ci>
              <apply>
                <power/>
                <ci> F </ci>
                <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
              </apply>
            </apply>
            <apply>
              <times/>
              <ci> R </ci>
              <ci> T </ci>
            </apply>
          </apply>
          <apply>
            <divide/>
            <apply>
              <minus/>
              <apply>
                <times/>
                <ci> gamma_Nai </ci>
                <ci> Nai </ci>
                <apply>
                  <exp/>
                  <apply>
                    <divide/>
                    <apply>
                      <times/>
                      <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
                      <ci> V </ci>
                      <ci> F </ci>
                    </apply>
                    <apply>
                      <times/>
                      <ci> R </ci> 
                      <ci> T </ci>
                    </apply>
                  </apply>
                </apply>
              </apply>
              <apply>
                <times/>
                <ci> gamma_Nao </ci>
                <ci> Nao </ci>
              </apply>
            </apply>
            <apply>
              <minus/>
              <apply>
                <exp/>
                <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <apply>
                    <times/>
                    <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
                    <ci> V </ci>
                    <ci> F </ci>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                    <times/>
                    <ci> R </ci>
                    <ci> T </ci>
                  </apply>
                </apply>
              </apply>
              <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
            </apply>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
      
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" cmeta:id="I_CaK_calculation_eq">
      <apply id="I_CaK_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> I_CaK </ci>
        <apply>
          <times/>
          <ci> P_K </ci>
          <apply>
            <power/>
            <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
            <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
          </apply>
          <apply>
            <divide/>
            <apply>
              <times/>
              <ci> V </ci>
              <apply>
                <power/>
                <ci> F </ci>
                <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
              </apply>
            </apply>
            <apply>
              <times/>
              <ci> R </ci>
              <ci> T </ci>
            </apply>
          </apply>
          <apply>
            <divide/>
            <apply>
              <minus/>
              <apply>
                <times/>
                <ci> gamma_Ki </ci>
                <ci> Ki </ci>
                <apply>
                  <exp/>
                  <apply>
                    <divide/>
                    <apply>
                      <times/>
                      <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
                      <ci> V </ci>
                      <ci> F </ci>
                    </apply>
                    <apply>
                      <times/>
                      <ci> R </ci> 
                      <ci> T </ci>
                    </apply>
                  </apply>
                </apply>
              </apply>
              <apply>
                <times/>
                <ci> gamma_Ko </ci>
                <ci> Ko </ci>
              </apply>
            </apply>
            <apply>
              <minus/>
              <apply>
                <exp/>
                <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <apply>
                    <times/>
                    <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
                    <ci> V </ci>
                    <ci> F </ci>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                    <times/>
                    <ci> R </ci>
                    <ci> T </ci>
                  </apply>
                </apply>
              </apply>
              <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
            </apply>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
      
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" cmeta:id="i_Ca_L_calculation_eq">
      <apply id="i_Ca_L_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> i_Ca_L </ci>
        <apply> <plus/>
          <ci> i_CaCa </ci>
          <ci> i_CaK </ci>
          <ci> i_CaNa </ci>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
  </component>
  
  <component cmeta:id="L_type_Ca_channel_d_gate" name="L_type_Ca_channel_d_gate">
    <variable initial_value="0.0" name="d" public_interface="out" units="dimensionless"/> 

    <variable name="alpha_d" units="per_ms"/>
    <variable name="beta_d" units="per_ms"/>
    <variable name="d_infinity" units="dimensionless"/>
    <variable name="tau_d" units="ms"/>
    
    <variable name="V" public_interface="in" units="mV"/>
    <variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="ms"/>
    
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" cmeta:id="alpha_d_calculation_eq">
      <apply id="alpha_d_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> alpha_d </ci>
        <apply>
          <divide/>
          <ci> d_infinity </ci>
          <ci> tau_d </ci>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>

    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" cmeta:id="d_infinity_calculation_eq">
      <apply id="d_infinity_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> d_infinity </ci>
        <apply>
          <divide/>
          <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
          <apply>
            <plus/>
            <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
            <apply>
              <exp/>
              <apply>
                <minus/>
                <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <apply>
                    <plus/>
                    <ci> V </ci>
                    <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="mV"> 10.0 </cn>
                  </apply>
                  <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="mV"> 6.24 </cn>
                </apply>
              </apply>
            </apply>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>

    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" cmeta:id="tau_d_calculation_eq">
      <apply id="tau_d_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> tau_d </ci>
        <apply>
          <times/>
          <ci> d_infinity </ci>
          <apply>
            <divide/>
            <apply>
              <minus/>
              <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
              <apply>
                <exp/>
                <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <apply>
                    <divide/>
                    <apply>
                      <plus/>
                      <ci> V </ci>
                      <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="mV"> 10.0 </cn>
                    </apply>
                    <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="mV"> 6.24 </cn>
                  </apply>
                </apply>
              </apply>
            </apply>
            <apply>
              <times/>
              <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_mV_ms"> 0.035 </cn>
              <apply>
                <plus/>
                <ci> V </ci>
                <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="mV"> 10.0 </cn>
              </apply>
            </apply>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
      
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" cmeta:id="beta_d_calculation_eq">
      <apply id="beta_d_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> beta_d </ci>
        <apply>
          <divide/>
          <apply>
            <minus/>
            <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
            <ci> d_infinity </ci>
          </apply>
          <ci> tau_d </ci>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
     
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" cmeta:id="dd_dt_eq">
      <apply id="dd_dt">
        <eq/>
        <apply>
          <diff/>
          <bvar>
            <ci> time </ci>
          </bvar>
          <ci> d </ci>
        </apply>
        <apply>
          <minus/>
          <apply>
            <times/>
            <ci> alpha_d </ci>
            <apply>
              <minus/>
              <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
              <ci> d </ci>
            </apply>
          </apply>
          <apply>
            <times/>
            <ci> beta_d </ci>
            <ci> d </ci>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
  </component>
  
  <component cmeta:id="L_type_Ca_channel_f_gate" name="L_type_Ca_channel_f_gate">
    <variable initial_value="1.0" name="f" public_interface="out" units="dimensionless"/> 

    <variable name="alpha_f" units="per_ms"/>
    <variable name="beta_f" units="per_ms"/>
    <variable name="f_infinity" units="dimensionless"/>
    <variable name="tau_f" units="ms"/>
    
    <variable name="V" public_interface="in" units="mV"/>
    <variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="ms"/>
   
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" cmeta:id="alpha_f_calculation_eq">
      <apply id="alpha_f_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> alpha_f </ci>
        <apply>
          <divide/>
          <ci> f_infinity </ci>
          <ci> tau_f </ci>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
      
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" cmeta:id="f_infinity_calculation_eq">
      <apply id="f_infinity_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> f_infinity </ci>
        <apply>
          <plus/>
          <apply>
            <divide/>
            <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
            <apply>
              <plus/>
              <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
              <apply>
                <exp/>
                <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <apply>
                    <plus/>
                    <ci> V </ci>
                    <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="mV"> 35.06 </cn>
                  </apply>
                  <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="mV"> 8.6 </cn>
                </apply>
              </apply>
            </apply>
          </apply>
          <apply>
            <divide/>
            <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> 0.6 </cn>
            <apply>
              <plus/>
              <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
              <apply>
                <exp/>
                <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <apply>
                    <minus/>
                    <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="mV"> 50.0 </cn>
                    <ci> V </ci>
                  </apply>
                  <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="mV"> 20.0 </cn>
                </apply>
              </apply>
            </apply>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
      
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" cmeta:id="tau_f_calculation_eq">
      <apply id="tau_f_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> tau_f </ci>
        <apply>
          <divide/>
          <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="ms"> 1.0 </cn>
          <apply>
            <plus/>
            <apply>
              <times/>
              <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> 0.0197 </cn>
              <apply>
                <exp/>
                <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <apply>
                    <power/>
                    <apply>
                      <times/>
                      <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_mV"> 0.0337 </cn>
                      <apply>
                        <plus/>
                        <ci> V </ci>
                        <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="mV"> 10.0 </cn>
                      </apply>
                    </apply>
                    <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
                  </apply>
                </apply>
              </apply>
            </apply>
            <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> 0.02 </cn>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
    
	<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" cmeta:id="beta_f_calculation_eq">
      <apply id="beta_f_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> beta_f </ci>
        <apply>
          <divide/>
          <apply>
            <minus/>
            <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
            <ci> f_infinity </ci>
          </apply>
          <ci> tau_f </ci>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
     
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" cmeta:id="df_dt_eq">
      <apply id="df_dt">
        <eq/>
        <apply>
          <diff/>
          <bvar>
            <ci> time </ci>
          </bvar>
          <ci> f </ci>
        </apply>
        <apply>
          <minus/>
          <apply>
            <times/>
            <ci> alpha_f </ci>
            <apply>
              <minus/>
              <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
              <ci> f </ci>
            </apply>
          </apply>
          <apply>
            <times/>
            <ci> beta_f </ci>
            <ci> f </ci>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
  </component>
  
  <component cmeta:id="L_type_Ca_channel_f_Ca_gate" name="L_type_Ca_channel_f_Ca_gate">
    <variable name="f_Ca" public_interface="out" units="dimensionless"/> 

    <variable initial_value="0.6e-3" name="Km_Ca" units="mM"/>
    
    <variable name="V" public_interface="in" units="mV"/>
    <variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="ms"/>
    <variable name="Cai" public_interface="in" units="mM"/>
    
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" cmeta:id="f_Ca_calculation_eq">
      <apply id="f_Ca_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> f_Ca </ci>
        <apply>
          <divide/>
          <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
          <apply>
            <plus/>
            <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
            <apply>
              <power/>
              <apply>
                <divide/>
                <ci> Cai </ci>
                <ci> Km_Ca </ci>
              </apply>
              <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
            </apply>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
  </component>
  
  <component cmeta:id="time_dependent_potassium_current" name="time_dependent_potassium_current">
    <variable name="i_K" public_interface="out" units="uA_per_mm2"/>
    
    <variable initial_value="2.82e-3" name="g_K_max" units="mS_per_mm2"/>
    <variable name="g_K" units="mS_per_mm2"/>
    <variable name="E_K" units="mV"/>
    <variable initial_value="0.01833" name="PR_NaK" units="dimensionless"/>
    
    <variable name="time" private_interface="out" public_interface="in" units="ms"/>
    <variable name="V" private_interface="out" public_interface="in" units="mV"/>
    <variable name="R" public_interface="in" units="gas_constant_units"/>
    <variable name="T" public_interface="in" units="kelvin"/>
    <variable name="F" public_interface="in" units="faradays_constant_units"/>
    <variable name="Ko" public_interface="in" units="mM"/>
    <variable name="Ki" public_interface="in" units="mM"/>
    <variable name="Nao" public_interface="in" units="mM"/>
    <variable name="Nai" public_interface="in" units="mM"/>
    
    <variable name="X" private_interface="in" units="dimensionless"/>
    <variable name="Xi" private_interface="in" units="dimensionless"/>
   
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" cmeta:id="g_K_calculation_eq">
      <apply id="g_K_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> g_K </ci>
        <apply>
          <times/>
          <ci>g_K_max</ci>
          <apply>
            <root/>
            <apply>
              <divide/>
              <ci> Ko </ci>
              <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="mM"> 5.4 </cn>
            </apply>
          </apply>                                                              
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
    
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" cmeta:id="E_K_calculation_eq">
      <apply id="E_K_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> E_K </ci>
        <apply>
          <times/>
          <apply>
            <divide/>
            <apply>
              <times/>
              <ci> R </ci>
              <ci> T </ci>
            </apply>
            <ci> F </ci>
          </apply>
          <apply>
            <ln/>
            <apply>
              <divide/>
              <apply>
                <plus/>
                <ci> Ko </ci>
                <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci> PR_NaK </ci>
                  <ci> Nao </ci>
                </apply>
              </apply>
              <apply>
                <plus/>
                <ci> Ki </ci>
                <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci> PR_NaK </ci>
                  <ci> Nai </ci>
                </apply>
              </apply>
            </apply>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
     
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" cmeta:id="i_K_calculation_eq">
      <apply id="i_K_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> i_K </ci>
        <apply>
          <times/>
          <ci> g_K </ci>
          <apply>
            <power/>
            <ci> X </ci>
            <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
          </apply>
          <ci> Xi </ci>
          <apply>
            <minus/>
            <ci> V </ci>
            <ci> E_K </ci>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
  </component>
  
  <component cmeta:id="time_dependent_potassium_current_X_gate" name="time_dependent_potassium_current_X_gate">
    <variable initial_value="0.0" name="X" public_interface="out" units="dimensionless"/>

    <variable name="alpha_X" units="per_ms"/>
    <variable name="beta_X" units="per_ms"/>
    
    <variable name="V" public_interface="in" units="mV"/>
    <variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="ms"/>
   
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" cmeta:id="alpha_X_calculation_eq">
      <apply id="alpha_X_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> alpha_X </ci>
        <apply>
          <divide/>
          <apply>
            <times/>
            <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_mV_ms"> 0.0000719 </cn>
            <apply>
              <plus/>
              <ci> V </ci>
              <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="mV"> 30.0 </cn>
            </apply>
          </apply>
          <apply>
            <minus/>
            <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
            <apply>
              <exp/>
              <apply>
                <times/>
                <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> -0.148 </cn>
                <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <ci> V </ci>
                  <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="mV"> 30.0 </cn>
                </apply>
              </apply>
            </apply>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
      
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" cmeta:id="beta_X_calculation_eq">
      <apply id="beta_X_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> beta_X </ci>
        <apply>
          <divide/>
          <apply>
            <times/>
            <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_mV_ms"> 0.000131 </cn>
            <apply>
              <plus/>
              <ci> V </ci>
              <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="mV"> 30.0 </cn>
            </apply>
          </apply>
          <apply>
            <plus/>
            <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> -1.0 </cn>
            <apply>
              <exp/>
              <apply>
                <times/>
                <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> 0.0687 </cn>
                <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <ci> V </ci>
                  <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="mV"> 30.0 </cn>
                </apply>
              </apply>
            </apply>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
     
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" cmeta:id="dX_dt_eq">
      <apply id="dX_dt">
        <eq/>
        <apply>
          <diff/>
          <bvar>
            <ci> time </ci>
          </bvar>
          <ci> X </ci>
        </apply>
        <apply>
          <minus/>
          <apply>
            <times/>
            <ci> alpha_X </ci>
            <apply>
              <minus/>
              <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
              <ci> X </ci>
            </apply>
          </apply>
          <apply>
            <times/>
            <ci> beta_X </ci>
            <ci> X </ci>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>                                                                     
  </component>
  
  <component cmeta:id="time_dependent_potassium_current_Xi_gate" name="time_dependent_potassium_current_Xi_gate">
    <variable name="Xi" public_interface="out" units="dimensionless"/>

    <variable name="V" public_interface="in" units="mV"/>
    <variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="ms"/>
    
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" cmeta:id="Xi_calculation_eq">
      <apply id="Xi_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> Xi </ci>
        <apply>
          <divide/>
          <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
          <apply>
            <plus/>
            <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
            <apply>
              <exp/>
              <apply>
                <divide/>
                <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci> V </ci>
                  <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="mV"> 56.26 </cn>
                </apply>
                <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="mV"> 32.1 </cn>
              </apply>
            </apply>
          </apply>
        </apply> 
      </apply>
    </math>
  </component>
  
  <component cmeta:id="time_independent_potassium_current" name="time_independent_potassium_current">
    <variable name="i_K1" public_interface="out" units="uA_per_mm2"/>
    <variable name="E_K1" private_interface="out" public_interface="out" units="mV"/>
    
    <variable initial_value="7.5e-3" name="g_K1_max" units="mS_per_mm2"/>
    <variable name="g_K1" units="mS_per_mm2"/>
    
    <variable name="time" private_interface="out" public_interface="in" units="ms"/>
    <variable name="V" private_interface="out" public_interface="in" units="mV"/>
    <variable name="Ko" public_interface="in" units="mM"/>
    <variable name="Ki" public_interface="in" units="mM"/>
    <variable name="R" public_interface="in" units="gas_constant_units"/>
    <variable name="T" public_interface="in" units="kelvin"/>
    <variable name="F" public_interface="in" units="faradays_constant_units"/> 
    
    <variable name="K1_infinity" private_interface="in" units="dimensionless"/>
    
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" cmeta:id="g_K1_calculation_eq">
      <apply id="g_K1_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> g_K1 </ci>
        <apply>
          <times/>
          <ci>g_K1_max</ci>
          <apply>
            <root/>
            <apply>
              <divide/>
              <ci> Ko </ci>
              <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="mM"> 5.4 </cn>
            </apply>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
     
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" cmeta:id="E_K1_calculation_eq">
      <apply id="E_K1_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> E_K1 </ci>
        <apply>
          <times/>
          <apply>
            <divide/>
            <apply>
              <times/>
              <ci> R </ci>
              <ci> T </ci>
            </apply>
            <ci> F </ci>
          </apply>
          <apply>
            <ln/>
            <apply>
              <divide/>
              <ci> Ko </ci>
              <ci> Ki </ci>
            </apply>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
    
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" cmeta:id="i_K1_calculation_eq">
      <apply id="i_K1_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> i_K1 </ci>
        <apply>
          <times/>
          <ci> g_K1 </ci>
          <ci> K1_infinity </ci>
          <apply>
            <minus/>     
            <ci> V </ci>
            <ci> E_K1 </ci>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
  </component>
  
  <component cmeta:id="time_independent_potassium_current_K1_gate" name="time_independent_potassium_current_K1_gate">
    <variable name="K1_infinity" public_interface="out" units="dimensionless"/> 
    <variable name="alpha_K1" units="per_ms"/>
    <variable name="beta_K1" units="per_ms"/>
    
    <variable name="V" public_interface="in" units="mV"/>
    <variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="ms"/>
    <variable name="E_K1" public_interface="in" units="mV"/>
    
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" cmeta:id="alpha_K1_calculation_eq">
      <apply id="alpha_K1_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> alpha_K1 </ci>
        <apply>
          <divide/>
          <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_ms"> 1.02 </cn>
          <apply>
            <plus/>
            <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
            <apply>
              <exp/>
              <apply>
                <times/>
                <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_mV"> 0.2385 </cn>
                <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <apply>
                    <minus/>
                    <ci> V </ci>
                    <ci> E_K1 </ci>
                  </apply>
                  <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="mV"> 59.215 </cn>
                </apply>
              </apply>
            </apply>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
      
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" cmeta:id="beta_K1_calculation_eq">
      <apply id="beta_K1_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> beta_K1 </ci>
        <apply>
          <divide/>
          <apply>
            <plus/>
            <apply>
              <times/>
              <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_ms"> 0.49124 </cn>
              <apply>
                <exp/>
                <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> 0.08032 </cn>
                  <apply>
                    <minus/>
                    <apply>
                      <plus/>
                      <ci> V </ci>
                      <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="mV"> 5.476 </cn>
                    </apply>
                    <ci> E_K1 </ci>
                  </apply>
                </apply>
              </apply>
            </apply>
            <apply>
              <exp/>
              <apply>
                <times/>
                <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> 0.06175 </cn>
                <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <ci> V </ci>
                  <apply>
                    <plus/>
                    <ci> E_K1 </ci>
                    <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="mV"> 594.31 </cn>
                  </apply>
                </apply>
              </apply>
            </apply>
          </apply>
          <apply>
            <plus/>
            <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
            <apply>
              <exp/>
              <apply>
                <times/>
                <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_mV"> -0.5143 </cn>
                <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <apply>
                    <minus/>
                    <ci> V </ci>
                    <ci> E_K1 </ci>
                  </apply>
                  <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="mV"> 4.753 </cn>
                </apply>
              </apply>
            </apply>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
     
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" cmeta:id="K1_infinity_calculation_eq">
      <apply id="K1_infinity_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> K1_infinity </ci>
        <apply>
          <divide/>
          <ci> alpha_K1 </ci>
          <apply>
            <plus/>
            <ci> alpha_K1 </ci>
            <ci> beta_K1 </ci>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
  </component>
  
  <component cmeta:id="plateau_potassium_current" name="plateau_potassium_current">
    <variable name="i_Kp" public_interface="out" units="uA_per_mm2"/>
    
    <variable name="E_Kp" units="mV"/>
    <variable initial_value="1.83e-4" name="g_Kp" units="mS_per_mm2"/>
    <variable name="Kp" units="dimensionless"/>
    
    <variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="ms"/>
    <variable name="V" public_interface="in" units="mV"/>
    <variable name="E_K1" public_interface="in" units="mV"/>
    
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" cmeta:id="E_Kp_calculation_eq">
      <apply id="E_Kp_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> E_Kp </ci>
        <ci> E_K1 </ci>
      </apply>
    </math>
    
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" cmeta:id="Kp_calculation_eq">
      <apply id="Kp_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> Kp </ci>
        <apply>
          <divide/>
          <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
          <apply>
            <plus/>
            <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
            <apply>
              <exp/>
              <apply>
                <divide/>
                <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="mV"> 7.488 </cn>
                  <ci> V </ci>
                </apply>
                <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="mV"> 5.98 </cn>
              </apply>
            </apply> 
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
     
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" cmeta:id="i_Kp_calculation_eq">
      <apply id="i_Kp_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> i_Kp </ci>
        <apply>
          <times/>
          <ci> g_Kp </ci>
          <ci> Kp </ci>
          <apply>
            <minus/>
            <ci> V </ci>
            <ci> E_Kp </ci>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
  </component>
  
  <component cmeta:id="sarcolemmal_calcium_pump" name="sarcolemmal_calcium_pump">
    <variable name="i_p_Ca" public_interface="out" units="uA_per_mm2"/>
    
    <variable initial_value="0.5e-3" name="K_mpCa" units="mM"/>
    <variable initial_value="1.15e-2" name="I_pCa" units="uA_per_mm2"/>
    
    <variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="ms"/>
    <variable name="Cai" public_interface="in" units="mM"/>   
 
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" cmeta:id="i_p_Ca_calculation_eq">
      <apply id="i_p_Ca_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> i_p_Ca </ci>
        <apply>
          <times/>
          <ci> I_pCa </ci>
          <apply>
            <divide/>
            <ci> Cai </ci>
            <apply>
              <plus/>
              <ci> K_mpCa </ci>
              <ci> Cai </ci>
            </apply>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
  </component>
  
  <component cmeta:id="sodium_background_current" name="sodium_background_current">
    <variable name="i_Na_b" public_interface="out" units="uA_per_mm2"/>
    
    <variable initial_value="1.41e-5" name="g_Nab" units="mS_per_mm2"/>
    <variable name="E_NaN" units="mV"/>
    
    <variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="ms"/>
    <variable name="V" public_interface="in" units="mV"/>
    <variable name="E_Na" public_interface="in" units="mV"/> 
    
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" cmeta:id="E_NaN_calculation_eq">
      <apply id="E_NaN_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> E_NaN </ci>
        <ci> E_Na </ci>
      </apply>
    </math>
     
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" cmeta:id="i_Na_b_calculation_eq">
      <apply id="i_Na_b_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> i_Na_b </ci>
        <apply>
          <times/>
          <ci> g_Nab </ci>
          <apply>
            <minus/>
            <ci> V </ci>
            <ci> E_NaN </ci>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
  </component>
  
  <component cmeta:id="calcium_background_current" name="calcium_background_current">
    <variable name="i_Ca_b" public_interface="out" units="uA_per_mm2"/>
    
    <variable initial_value="3.016e-5" name="g_Cab" units="mS_per_mm2"/>
    <variable name="E_CaN" units="mV"/>
    
    <variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="ms"/>
    <variable name="V" public_interface="in" units="mV"/>
    <variable name="R" public_interface="in" units="gas_constant_units"/>
    <variable name="T" public_interface="in" units="kelvin"/>
    <variable name="F" public_interface="in" units="faradays_constant_units"/>
    <variable name="Cai" public_interface="in" units="mM"/>
    <variable name="Cao" public_interface="in" units="mM"/>
    
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" cmeta:id="E_CaN_calculation_eq">
      <apply id="E_CaN_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> E_CaN </ci>
        <apply>
          <times/>
          <apply>
            <divide/>
            <apply>
              <times/>
              <ci> R </ci>
              <ci> T </ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
              <times/>
              <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
              <ci> F </ci>
            </apply>
          </apply>
          <apply>
            <ln/>
            <apply>
              <divide/>
              <ci> Cao </ci>
              <ci> Cai </ci>
            </apply>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
      
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" cmeta:id="i_Ca_b_calculation_eq">
      <apply id="i_Ca_b_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> i_Ca_b </ci>
        <apply>
          <times/>
          <ci> g_Cab </ci>
          <apply>
            <minus/>
            <ci> V </ci>
            <ci> E_CaN </ci>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
  </component>
  
  <component cmeta:id="sodium_potassium_pump" name="sodium_potassium_pump">
    <variable name="i_NaK" public_interface="out" units="uA_per_mm2"/>
    
    <variable initial_value="1.5e-2" name="I_NaK" units="uA_per_mm2"/>
    <variable name="f_NaK" units="dimensionless"/>
    <variable initial_value="10.0" name="K_mNai" units="mM"/>
    <variable initial_value="1.5" name="K_mKo" units="mM"/>
    <variable name="sigma" units="dimensionless"/>
    
    <variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="ms"/>
    <variable name="V" public_interface="in" units="mV"/>
    <variable name="R" public_interface="in" units="gas_constant_units"/>
    <variable name="T" public_interface="in" units="kelvin"/>
    <variable name="F" public_interface="in" units="faradays_constant_units"/>  
    <variable name="Nai" public_interface="in" units="mM"/>
    <variable name="Nao" public_interface="in" units="mM"/>   
    <variable name="Ko" public_interface="in" units="mM"/>
    
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
      <apply id="f_NaK_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> f_NaK </ci>
        <apply>
          <divide/>
          <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
          <apply>
            <plus/>
            <apply>
              <plus/>
              <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
              <apply>
                <times/>
                <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> 0.1245 </cn>
                <apply>
                  <exp/>
                  <apply>
                    <times/>
                    <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> -0.1 </cn>
                    <apply>
                      <divide/>
                      <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <ci> V </ci>
                        <ci> F </ci>
                      </apply>
                      <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <ci> R </ci>
                        <ci> T </ci>
                      </apply>
                    </apply>
                  </apply>
                </apply>
              </apply>
            </apply>
            <apply>
              <times/>
              <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> 0.0365 </cn>
              <ci> sigma </ci>
              <apply>
                <exp/>
                <apply>
                  <minus/>
                  <apply>
                    <divide/>
                    <apply>
                      <times/>
                      <ci> V </ci>
                      <ci> F </ci>
                    </apply>
                    <apply>
                      <times/>
                      <ci> R </ci>
                      <ci> T </ci>
                    </apply>
                  </apply>
                </apply>
              </apply>
            </apply>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>

    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
      <apply id="sigma_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> sigma </ci>
        <apply>
          <times/>
          <apply>
            <divide/>
            <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
            <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> 7.0 </cn>
          </apply>
          <apply>
            <minus/>
            <apply>
              <exp/>
              <apply>
                <divide/>
                <ci> Nao </ci>
                <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> 67.3 </cn>
              </apply>
            </apply>
            <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
 
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" cmeta:id="i_NaK_calculation_eq">
      <apply id="i_NaK_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> i_NaK </ci>
        <apply>
          <times/>
          <ci> I_NaK </ci>
          <ci> f_NaK </ci>
          <apply>
            <divide/>
            <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
            <apply>
              <plus/>
              <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
              <apply>
                <power/>
                <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <ci> K_mNai </ci>
                  <ci> Nai </ci>
                </apply>
                <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.5 </cn>
              </apply>
            </apply>
          </apply>
          <apply>
            <divide/>
            <ci> Ko </ci>
            <apply>
              <plus/>
              <ci> Ko </ci>
              <ci> K_mKo </ci>
            </apply>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
  </component>
  
  <component cmeta:id="non_specific_calcium_activated_current" name="non_specific_calcium_activated_current">
    <variable name="i_ns_Ca" public_interface="out" units="uA_per_mm2"/>
    <variable name="i_ns_Na" public_interface="out" units="uA_per_mm2"/>
    <variable name="i_ns_K" public_interface="out" units="uA_per_mm2"/>
    
    <variable initial_value="1.75e-9" name="P_ns_Ca" units="mm_per_ms"/>
   
    <variable name="gamma_Nai" public_interface="in" units="dimensionless"/>
    <variable name="gamma_Nao" public_interface="in" units="dimensionless"/>
    <variable name="gamma_Ki" public_interface="in" units="dimensionless"/>
    <variable name="gamma_Ko" public_interface="in" units="dimensionless"/>
    <variable name="R" public_interface="in" units="gas_constant_units"/>
    <variable name="T" public_interface="in" units="kelvin"/>
    <variable name="F" public_interface="in" units="faradays_constant_units"/>
    <variable name="Cao" public_interface="in" units="mM"/>
    <variable name="Nao" public_interface="in" units="mM"/>
    <variable name="Ko" public_interface="in" units="mM"/>
    <variable name="Nai" public_interface="in" units="mM"/>
    <variable name="Ki" public_interface="in" units="mM"/>
    <variable name="I_ns_Na" units="uA_per_mm2"/>
    <variable name="I_ns_K" units="uA_per_mm2"/>
    <variable initial_value="1.2e-3" name="K_m_ns_Ca" units="mM"/>
    <variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="ms"/>
    <variable name="Cai" public_interface="in" units="mM"/>
    <variable name="V" public_interface="in" units="mV"/>

    <variable name="Vns" units="mV"/>
    <variable name="EnsCa" units="mV"/>
    
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" cmeta:id="EnsCa_calculation_eq">
      <apply id="EnsCa_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> EnsCa </ci>
        <apply>
          <times/>
          <apply>
            <divide/>
            <apply>
              <times/>
              <ci> R </ci>
              <ci> T </ci>
            </apply>
            <ci> F </ci>
          </apply>
          <apply>
            <ln/>
            <apply>
              <divide/>
              <apply>
                <plus/>
                <ci>Ko</ci>
                <ci>Nao</ci>
              </apply>
              <apply>
                <plus/>
                <ci>Ki</ci>
                <ci>Nai</ci>
              </apply>
            </apply>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>

    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" cmeta:id="Vns_calculation_eq">
      <apply id="Vns_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci>Vns</ci>
        <apply>
          <minus/>
          <ci>V</ci>
          <ci>EnsCa</ci>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
 
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" cmeta:id="i_ns_Na_calculation_eq">
      <apply id="i_ns_Na_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> i_ns_Na </ci>
        <apply>
          <times/>
          <ci> I_ns_Na </ci>
          <apply>
            <divide/>
            <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
            <apply>
              <plus/>
              <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
              <apply>
                <power/>
                <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <ci> K_m_ns_Ca </ci>
                  <ci> Cai </ci>
                </apply>
                <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> 3.0 </cn>
              </apply>
            </apply>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
 
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" cmeta:id="i_ns_K_calculation_eq">
      <apply id="i_ns_K_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> i_ns_K </ci>
        <apply>
          <times/>
          <ci> I_ns_K </ci>
          <apply>
            <divide/>
            <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
            <apply>
              <plus/>
              <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
              <apply>
                <power/>
                <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <ci> K_m_ns_Ca </ci>
                  <ci> Cai </ci>
                </apply>
                <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> 3.0 </cn>
              </apply>
            </apply>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>

    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" cmeta:id="i_ns_Ca_calculation_eq">
      <apply id="i_ns_Ca_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> i_ns_Ca </ci>
        <apply>
          <plus/>
          <ci> i_ns_Na </ci>
          <ci> i_ns_K </ci>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
    
	<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" cmeta:id="I_ns_Na_calculation_eq">
      <apply id="I_ns_Na_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> I_ns_Na </ci>
        <apply>
          <times/>
          <ci> P_ns_Ca </ci>
          <apply>
            <power/>
            <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
            <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
          </apply>
          <apply>
            <divide/>
            <apply>
              <times/>
              <ci> Vns </ci>
              <apply>
                <power/>
                <ci> F </ci>
                <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
              </apply>
            </apply>
            <apply>
              <times/>
              <ci> R </ci>
              <ci> T </ci>
            </apply>
          </apply>
          <apply>
            <divide/>
            <apply>
              <minus/>
              <apply>
                <times/>
                <ci> gamma_Nai </ci>
                <ci> Nai </ci>
                <apply>
                  <exp/>
                  <apply>
                    <divide/>
                    <apply>
                      <times/>
                      <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
                      <ci> Vns </ci>
                      <ci> F </ci>
                    </apply>
                    <apply>
                      <times/>
                      <ci> R </ci> 
                      <ci> T </ci>
                    </apply>
                  </apply>
                </apply>
              </apply>
              <apply>
                <times/>
                <ci> gamma_Nao </ci>
                <ci> Nao </ci>
              </apply>
            </apply>
            <apply>
              <minus/>
              <apply>
                <exp/>
                <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <apply>
                    <times/>
                    <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
                    <ci> Vns </ci>
                    <ci> F </ci>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                    <times/>
                    <ci> R </ci>
                    <ci> T </ci>
                  </apply>
                </apply>
              </apply>
              <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
            </apply>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>

    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" cmeta:id="I_ns_K_calculation_eq">
      <apply id="I_ns_K_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> I_ns_K </ci>
        <apply>
          <times/>
          <ci> P_ns_Ca </ci>
          <apply>
            <power/>
            <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
            <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
          </apply>
          <apply>
            <divide/>
            <apply>
              <times/>
              <ci> Vns </ci>
              <apply>
                <power/>
                <ci> F </ci>
                <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
              </apply>
            </apply>
            <apply>
              <times/>
              <ci> R </ci>
              <ci> T </ci>
            </apply>
          </apply>
          <apply>
            <divide/>
            <apply>
              <minus/>
              <apply>
                <times/>
                <ci> gamma_Ki </ci>
                <ci> Ki </ci>
                <apply>
                  <exp/>
                  <apply>
                    <divide/>
                    <apply>
                      <times/>
                      <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
                      <ci> Vns </ci>
                      <ci> F </ci>
                    </apply>
                    <apply>
                      <times/>
                      <ci> R </ci> 
                      <ci> T </ci>
                    </apply>
                  </apply>
                </apply>
              </apply>
              <apply>
                <times/>
                <ci> gamma_Ko </ci>
                <ci> Ko </ci>
              </apply>
            </apply>
            <apply>
              <minus/>
              <apply>
                <exp/>
                <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <apply>
                    <times/>
                    <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
                    <ci> Vns </ci>
                    <ci> F </ci>
                  </apply>
                  <apply>
                    <times/>
                    <ci> R </ci>
                    <ci> T </ci>
                  </apply>
                </apply>
              </apply>
              <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
            </apply>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
  </component>
  
  <component cmeta:id="Na_Ca_exchanger" name="Na_Ca_exchanger">
    <variable name="i_NaCa" public_interface="out" units="uA_per_mm2"/>
    
    <variable initial_value="20.0" name="K_NaCa" units="uA_per_mm2"/>
    <variable initial_value="87.5" name="K_mNa" units="mM"/>
    <variable initial_value="1.38" name="K_mCa" units="mM"/>
    <variable initial_value="0.1" name="K_sat" units="dimensionless"/>
    <variable initial_value="0.35" name="eta" units="dimensionless"/>
    
    <variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="ms"/>
    <variable name="V" public_interface="in" units="mV"/>
    <variable name="R" public_interface="in" units="gas_constant_units"/>
    <variable name="T" public_interface="in" units="kelvin"/>
    <variable name="F" public_interface="in" units="faradays_constant_units"/>
    <variable name="Nai" public_interface="in" units="mM"/>
    <variable name="Nao" public_interface="in" units="mM"/>
    <variable name="Cai" public_interface="in" units="mM"/>
    <variable name="Cao" public_interface="in" units="mM"/>
    
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" cmeta:id="Na_Ca_exchanger_eq">
      <apply id="Na_Ca_exchanger">
        <eq/>
        <ci> i_NaCa </ci>
        <apply>
          <times/> 
          <ci> K_NaCa </ci>
          <apply>
            <divide/>
            <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
            <apply>
              <plus/>
              <apply>
                <power/>
                <ci> K_mNa </ci>
                <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> 3.0 </cn>
              </apply>
              <apply>
                <power/>
                <ci> Nao </ci>
                <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> 3.0 </cn>
              </apply>
            </apply>
          </apply>
          <apply>
            <divide/>
            <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
            <apply>
              <plus/>
              <ci> K_mCa </ci>
              <ci> Cao </ci>
            </apply>
          </apply>
          <apply>
            <divide/>
            <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
            <apply>
              <plus/>
              <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
              <apply>
                <times/>
                <ci> K_sat </ci>
                <apply>
                  <exp/>
                  <apply>
                    <times/>
                    <apply>
                      <minus/>
                      <ci> eta </ci>
                      <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
                    </apply>
                    <ci> V </ci>
                    <apply>
                      <divide/>
                      <ci> F </ci>
                      <apply>
                        <times/>
                        <ci> R </ci>
                        <ci> T </ci>
                      </apply>
                    </apply>
                  </apply>
                </apply>
              </apply>
            </apply>
          </apply>
          <apply>
            <minus/>
            <apply>
              <times/>
              <apply>
                <exp/>
                <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci> eta </ci>
                  <ci> V </ci>
                  <apply>
                    <divide/>
                    <ci> F </ci>
                    <apply>
                      <times/>
                      <ci> R </ci>
                      <ci> T </ci>
                    </apply>
                  </apply>
                </apply>
              </apply>
              <apply>
                <power/>
                <ci> Nai </ci>
                <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> 3.0 </cn>
              </apply>
              <ci> Cao </ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
              <times/>
              <apply>
                <exp/>
                <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <apply>
                    <minus/>
                    <ci> eta </ci>
                    <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
                  </apply>
                  <ci> V </ci>
                  <apply>
                    <divide/>
                    <ci> F </ci>
                    <apply>
                      <times/>
                      <ci> R </ci>
                      <ci> T </ci>
                    </apply>
                  </apply>
                </apply>
              </apply>
              <apply>
                <power/>
                <ci> Nao </ci>
                <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> 3.0 </cn>
              </apply>
              <ci> Cai </ci>
            </apply>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
  </component>
  
  <component cmeta:id="calcium_fluxes_in_the_SR" name="calcium_fluxes_in_the_SR">
    <variable name="i_rel" public_interface="out" units="mM_per_ms"/>
    <variable name="i_up" public_interface="out" units="mM_per_ms"/>
    <variable name="i_leak" public_interface="out" units="mM_per_ms"/>  
    <variable name="i_tr" public_interface="out" units="mM_per_ms"/>
                            
    <variable name="G_rel" units="per_ms"/>
    <variable name="G_rel_peak" units="per_ms"/>
    <variable initial_value="60.0" name="G_rel_max" units="per_ms"/>
    <variable initial_value="2.0" name="tau_on" units="ms"/>
    <variable initial_value="2.0" name="tau_off" units="ms"/>
    <variable initial_value="0.0" name="t_CICR" units="ms"/>
    <variable initial_value="180.0" name="tau_tr" units="ms"/>
    <variable initial_value="0.8e-3" name="K_mrel" units="mM"/>
    <variable initial_value="0.92e-3" name="K_mup" units="mM"/>
    <variable name="K_leak" units="per_ms"/>
    <variable initial_value="0.005" name="I_up" units="mM_per_ms"/>
    <variable initial_value="15.0" name="Ca_NSR_max" units="mM"/>
    
    <variable initial_value="0.0" name="delta_Ca_i2" units="mM"/>
    <variable initial_value="0.18e-3" name="delta_Ca_ith" units="mM"/>
    
    <variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="ms"/> 
    <variable name="Cai" public_interface="in" units="mM"/>
    <variable name="Ca_JSR" public_interface="in" units="mM"/>
    <variable name="Ca_NSR" public_interface="in" units="mM"/>
    
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" cmeta:id="i_rel_calculation_eq">
      <apply id="i_rel_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> i_rel </ci>
        <apply>
          <times/>
          <ci> G_rel </ci>
          <apply>
            <minus/>
            <ci> Ca_JSR </ci>
            <ci> Cai </ci>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
     
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" cmeta:id="G_rel_calculation_eq">
      <apply id="G_rel_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> G_rel </ci>
        <apply>
          <times/>
          <ci> G_rel_peak </ci>
          <apply>
            <divide/>
            <apply>
              <minus/>
              <ci> delta_Ca_i2 </ci>
              <ci> delta_Ca_ith </ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
              <minus/>
              <apply>
                <plus/>
                <ci> K_mrel </ci>
                <ci> delta_Ca_i2 </ci>
              </apply>
              <ci> delta_Ca_ith </ci>
            </apply>
          </apply>
          <apply>
            <minus/>
            <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> 1.0 </cn>
            <apply>
              <exp/>
              <apply>
                <minus/>
                <apply>
                  <divide/>
                  <ci> t_CICR </ci>
                  <ci> tau_on </ci>
                </apply>
              </apply>
            </apply>
          </apply>
          <apply>
            <exp/>
            <apply>
              <minus/>
              <apply>
                <divide/>
                <ci> t_CICR </ci>
                <ci> tau_off </ci>
              </apply>     
            </apply>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
      
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" cmeta:id="G_rel_peak_calculation_eq">
      <apply id="G_rel_peak_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> G_rel_peak </ci>
        <piecewise>
          <piece>
            <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="per_ms"> 0.0 </cn>
            <apply>
              <lt/>
              <ci> delta_Ca_i2 </ci>
              <ci> delta_Ca_ith </ci>
            </apply>
          </piece>
          <otherwise>
            <ci> G_rel_max </ci>
          </otherwise>
        </piecewise>
      </apply>
    </math>
    
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" cmeta:id="i_up_calculation_eq">
      <apply id="i_up_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> i_up </ci>
        <apply>
          <times/>
          <ci> I_up </ci>
          <apply>
            <divide/>
            <ci> Cai </ci>
            <apply>
              <plus/>
              <ci> Cai </ci>
              <ci> K_mup </ci>
            </apply>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
     
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" cmeta:id="i_leak_calculation_eq">
      <apply id="i_leak_calcualtion">
        <eq/>
        <ci> i_leak </ci>
        <apply>
          <times/>
          <ci> K_leak </ci>
          <ci> Ca_NSR </ci>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
      
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" cmeta:id="K_leak_calculation_eq">
      <apply id="K_leak_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> K_leak </ci>
        <apply>
          <divide/>
          <ci> I_up </ci>
          <ci> Ca_NSR_max </ci>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
    
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" cmeta:id="i_tr_calculation_eq">
      <apply id="i_tr_calculation">
        <eq/>
        <ci> i_tr </ci>
        <apply>
          <divide/>
          <apply>
            <minus/>
            <ci> Ca_NSR </ci>
            <ci> Ca_JSR </ci>
          </apply>
          <ci> tau_tr </ci>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
  </component>
  
   <component cmeta:id="ionic_concentrations" name="ionic_concentrations">
    <variable initial_value="10.0" name="Nai" public_interface="out" units="mM"/>
    <variable initial_value="140.0" name="Nao" public_interface="out" units="mM"/>
    <variable initial_value="0.12e-3" name="Cai" public_interface="out" units="mM"/>
    <variable initial_value="1.8" name="Cao" public_interface="out" units="mM"/>
    <variable initial_value="145.0" name="Ki" public_interface="out" units="mM"/>
    <variable initial_value="5.4" name="Ko" public_interface="out" units="mM"/>
    <variable initial_value="1.8" name="Ca_JSR" public_interface="out" units="mM"/>
    <variable initial_value="1.8" name="Ca_NSR" public_interface="out" units="mM"/>
    
    <variable initial_value="200" name="Am" units="per_mm"/>
    <variable initial_value="0.68" name="V_myo" units="dimensionless"/>
    <variable initial_value="0.0048" name="V_JSR" units="dimensionless"/>
    <variable initial_value="0.0552" name="V_NSR" units="dimensionless"/>
    
    <variable name="time" public_interface="in" units="ms"/>
    <variable name="F" public_interface="in" units="faradays_constant_units"/>
    <variable name="i_Na" public_interface="in" units="uA_per_mm2"/>
    <variable name="i_CaNa" public_interface="in" units="uA_per_mm2"/>
    <variable name="i_Na_b" public_interface="in" units="uA_per_mm2"/>
    <variable name="i_ns_Na" public_interface="in" units="uA_per_mm2"/>
    <variable name="i_NaCa" public_interface="in" units="uA_per_mm2"/>
    <variable name="i_NaK" public_interface="in" units="uA_per_mm2"/>
    <variable name="i_CaCa" public_interface="in" units="uA_per_mm2"/>
    <variable name="i_CaK" public_interface="in" units="uA_per_mm2"/>
    <variable name="i_p_Ca" public_interface="in" units="uA_per_mm2"/>
    <variable name="i_Ca_b" public_interface="in" units="uA_per_mm2"/>
    <variable name="i_K" public_interface="in" units="uA_per_mm2"/>
    <variable name="i_K1" public_interface="in" units="uA_per_mm2"/>
    <variable name="i_Kp" public_interface="in" units="uA_per_mm2"/>
    <variable name="i_ns_K" public_interface="in" units="uA_per_mm2"/>
    <variable name="i_tr" public_interface="in" units="mM_per_ms"/>
    <variable name="i_rel" public_interface="in" units="mM_per_ms"/>
    <variable name="i_leak" public_interface="in" units="mM_per_ms"/>   
    <variable name="i_up" public_interface="in" units="mM_per_ms"/>
     
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" cmeta:id="sodium_diff_eq">
      <apply id="sodium_diff_eq">
        <eq/>
        <apply>
          <diff/>
          <bvar>
            <ci> time </ci>
          </bvar>
          <ci> Nai </ci>
        </apply>
        <apply>
          <times/>
          <apply>
            <minus/>
            <apply>
              <plus/>
              <ci> i_Na </ci>
              <ci> i_CaNa </ci>
              <ci> i_Na_b </ci>
              <ci> i_ns_Na </ci>
              <apply>
                <times/>
                <ci> i_NaCa </ci>
                <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> 3.0 </cn>
              </apply>
              <apply>
                <times/>
                <ci> i_NaK </ci>
                <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> 3.0 </cn>
              </apply>
            </apply>
          </apply>
          <apply>
            <divide/>
            <ci> Am </ci>
            <apply>
              <times/>
              <ci> V_myo </ci>
              <ci> F </ci>
            </apply>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
     
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" cmeta:id="calcium_internal_diff_eq">
      <apply id="calcium_internal_diff_eq">
        <eq/>
        <apply>
          <diff/>
          <bvar>
            <ci> time </ci>
          </bvar>
          <ci> Cai </ci>
        </apply>
        <apply>
          <plus/>
          <apply>
            <times/>
            <apply>
              <minus/>
              <apply>
                <minus/>
                <apply>
                  <plus/>
                  <ci> i_CaCa </ci>
                  <ci> i_p_Ca </ci>
                  <ci> i_Ca_b </ci>
                </apply>
                <ci> i_NaCa </ci>
              </apply>
            </apply>
            <apply>
              <divide/>
              <ci> Am </ci>
              <apply>
                <times/>
                <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
                <ci> V_myo </ci>
                <ci> F </ci>
              </apply>
            </apply>
          </apply>
          <apply>
            <times/>
            <ci> i_rel </ci>
            <apply>
              <divide/>
              <ci> V_JSR </ci>
              <ci> V_myo </ci>
            </apply>
          </apply>
          <apply>
            <times/>
            <apply>
              <minus/>
              <ci> i_leak </ci>
              <ci> i_up </ci>
            </apply>
            <apply>
              <divide/>
              <ci> V_NSR </ci>
              <ci> V_myo </ci>
            </apply>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
    
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" cmeta:id="potassium_internal_diff_eq">
      <apply id="potassium_internal_diff_eq">
        <eq/>
        <apply>
          <diff/>
          <bvar>
            <ci> time </ci>
          </bvar>
          <ci> Ki </ci>
        </apply>
        <apply>
          <times/>
          <apply>
            <minus/>
            <apply>
              <plus/>
              <ci> i_CaK </ci>
              <ci> i_K </ci>
              <ci> i_K1 </ci>
              <ci> i_Kp </ci>
              <ci> i_ns_K </ci>
              <apply>
                <minus/>
                <apply>
                  <times/>
                  <ci> i_NaK </ci>
                  <cn xmlns:cellml="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#" cellml:units="dimensionless"> 2.0 </cn>
                </apply>
              </apply>
            </apply>
          </apply>
          <apply>
            <divide/>
            <ci> Am </ci>
            <apply>
              <times/>
              <ci> V_myo </ci>
              <ci> F </ci>
            </apply>
          </apply>
        </apply>        
      </apply>
    </math>
    
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" cmeta:id="calcium_JSR_diff_eq">
      <apply id="calcium_JSR_diff_eq">
        <eq/>
        <apply>
          <diff/>
          <bvar>
            <ci> time </ci>
          </bvar>
          <ci> Ca_JSR </ci>
        </apply>
        <apply>
          <minus/>
          <apply>
            <minus/>
            <ci> i_rel </ci>
            <apply>
              <times/>
              <ci> i_tr </ci>
              <apply>
                <divide/>
                <ci> V_NSR </ci>
                <ci> V_JSR </ci>
              </apply>
            </apply>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
    
    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" cmeta:id="calcium_NSR_diff_eq">
      <apply id="calcium_NSR_diff_eq">
        <eq/>
        <apply>
          <diff/>
          <bvar>
            <ci> time </ci>
          </bvar>
          <ci> Ca_NSR </ci>
        </apply>
        <apply>
          <minus/>
          <apply>
            <minus/>
            <apply>
              <plus/>
              <ci> i_leak </ci>
              <ci> i_tr </ci>
            </apply>
            <ci> i_up </ci>
          </apply>
        </apply>
      </apply>
    </math>
  </component> 
  
  <group>
    <relationship_ref relationship="encapsulation"/>
    <component_ref component="fast_sodium_current">
      <component_ref component="fast_sodium_current_m_gate"/>
      <component_ref component="fast_sodium_current_h_gate"/>
      <component_ref component="fast_sodium_current_j_gate"/>
    </component_ref>
    <component_ref component="L_type_Ca_channel">
      <component_ref component="L_type_Ca_channel_d_gate"/>
      <component_ref component="L_type_Ca_channel_f_gate"/>
      <component_ref component="L_type_Ca_channel_f_Ca_gate"/>
    </component_ref>
    <component_ref component="time_dependent_potassium_current">
      <component_ref component="time_dependent_potassium_current_X_gate"/>
      <component_ref component="time_dependent_potassium_current_Xi_gate"/>
    </component_ref>
    <component_ref component="time_independent_potassium_current">
      <component_ref component="time_independent_potassium_current_K1_gate"/>
    </component_ref>
  </group>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="environment"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
  </connection>


  <connection>
    <map_components component_1="fast_sodium_current" component_2="environment"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
  </connection>


  <connection>
    <map_components component_1="L_type_Ca_channel" component_2="environment"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
  </connection>
  
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_1="time_dependent_potassium_current" component_2="environment"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
  </connection>
  
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_1="time_independent_potassium_current" component_2="environment"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
  </connection>
   

  <connection>
    <map_components component_1="Na_Ca_exchanger" component_2="environment"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
  </connection>
  
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_1="plateau_potassium_current" component_2="environment"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
  </connection>
  
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_1="sarcolemmal_calcium_pump" component_2="environment"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
  </connection>
  
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_1="sodium_background_current" component_2="environment"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
  </connection>
  
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_1="calcium_background_current" component_2="environment"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
  </connection>
  
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_1="sodium_potassium_pump" component_2="environment"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
  </connection>
  
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_1="non_specific_calcium_activated_current" component_2="environment"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
  </connection>
  
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_1="ionic_concentrations" component_2="environment"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
  </connection>
    
  <connection>
    <map_components component_1="calcium_fluxes_in_the_SR" component_2="environment"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="fast_sodium_current"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="i_Na" variable_2="i_Na"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="R" variable_2="R"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="T" variable_2="T"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="F" variable_2="F"/>
  </connection>


  <connection>
    <map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="L_type_Ca_channel"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="i_Ca_L" variable_2="i_Ca_L"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="R" variable_2="R"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="T" variable_2="T"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="F" variable_2="F"/>
  </connection>
  
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="time_dependent_potassium_current"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="i_K" variable_2="i_K"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="R" variable_2="R"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="T" variable_2="T"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="F" variable_2="F"/>
  </connection>
  
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="Na_Ca_exchanger"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="i_NaCa" variable_2="i_NaCa"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="R" variable_2="R"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="T" variable_2="T"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="F" variable_2="F"/>
  </connection>
 
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="time_independent_potassium_current"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="i_K1" variable_2="i_K1"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="R" variable_2="R"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="T" variable_2="T"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="F" variable_2="F"/>
  </connection>
  
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="plateau_potassium_current"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
     <map_variables variable_1="i_Kp" variable_2="i_Kp"/>
  </connection>


  <connection>
    <map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="sarcolemmal_calcium_pump"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="i_p_Ca" variable_2="i_p_Ca"/>
  </connection>
  
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="sodium_background_current"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
     <map_variables variable_1="i_Na_b" variable_2="i_Na_b"/>
  </connection>


  <connection>
    <map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="calcium_background_current"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="i_Ca_b" variable_2="i_Ca_b"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="R" variable_2="R"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="T" variable_2="T"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="F" variable_2="F"/>
  </connection>
  
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="sodium_potassium_pump"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="i_NaK" variable_2="i_NaK"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="R" variable_2="R"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="T" variable_2="T"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="F" variable_2="F"/>
  </connection>
  
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="non_specific_calcium_activated_current"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="R" variable_2="R"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="T" variable_2="T"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="F" variable_2="F"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="i_ns_Ca" variable_2="i_ns_Ca"/>
  </connection>
  
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_1="membrane" component_2="ionic_concentrations"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="F" variable_2="F"/>
  </connection>
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_1="fast_sodium_current" component_2="ionic_concentrations"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="i_Na" variable_2="i_Na"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="Nao" variable_2="Nao"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="Nai" variable_2="Nai"/>
  </connection>
  
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_1="fast_sodium_current" component_2="sodium_background_current"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="E_Na" variable_2="E_Na"/>
  </connection>
  
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_1="L_type_Ca_channel" component_2="ionic_concentrations"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="Cai" variable_2="Cai"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="Cao" variable_2="Cao"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="Nao" variable_2="Nao"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="Nai" variable_2="Nai"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="Ko" variable_2="Ko"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="Ki" variable_2="Ki"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="i_CaCa" variable_2="i_CaCa"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="i_CaNa" variable_2="i_CaNa"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="i_CaK" variable_2="i_CaK"/>
  </connection>
  
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_1="time_dependent_potassium_current" component_2="ionic_concentrations"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="Ki" variable_2="Ki"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="Ko" variable_2="Ko"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="Nao" variable_2="Nao"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="Nai" variable_2="Nai"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="i_K" variable_2="i_K"/>
  </connection>
  
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_1="Na_Ca_exchanger" component_2="ionic_concentrations"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="Cai" variable_2="Cai"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="Nai" variable_2="Nai"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="Cao" variable_2="Cao"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="Nao" variable_2="Nao"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="i_NaCa" variable_2="i_NaCa"/>
  </connection>
  
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_1="time_independent_potassium_current" component_2="ionic_concentrations"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="Ki" variable_2="Ki"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="Ko" variable_2="Ko"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="i_K1" variable_2="i_K1"/>
  </connection>
  
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_1="plateau_potassium_current" component_2="time_independent_potassium_current"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="E_K1" variable_2="E_K1"/>
  </connection>
  
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_1="plateau_potassium_current" component_2="ionic_concentrations"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="i_Kp" variable_2="i_Kp"/>
  </connection>
  
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_1="sarcolemmal_calcium_pump" component_2="ionic_concentrations"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="i_p_Ca" variable_2="i_p_Ca"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="Cai" variable_2="Cai"/>
  </connection>
  
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_1="sodium_background_current" component_2="ionic_concentrations"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="i_Na_b" variable_2="i_Na_b"/>
  </connection>
  
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_1="calcium_background_current" component_2="ionic_concentrations"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="Cai" variable_2="Cai"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="Cao" variable_2="Cao"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="i_Ca_b" variable_2="i_Ca_b"/>
  </connection>
  
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_1="sodium_potassium_pump" component_2="ionic_concentrations"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="Nai" variable_2="Nai"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="Nao" variable_2="Nao"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="Ko" variable_2="Ko"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="i_NaK" variable_2="i_NaK"/>
  </connection>
  
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_1="non_specific_calcium_activated_current" component_2="ionic_concentrations"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="Cai" variable_2="Cai"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="Cao" variable_2="Cao"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="Nao" variable_2="Nao"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="Nai" variable_2="Nai"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="Ko" variable_2="Ko"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="Ki" variable_2="Ki"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="i_ns_Na" variable_2="i_ns_Na"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="i_ns_K" variable_2="i_ns_K"/>
  </connection>
  
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_1="calcium_fluxes_in_the_SR" component_2="ionic_concentrations"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="i_rel" variable_2="i_rel"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="i_tr" variable_2="i_tr"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="i_leak" variable_2="i_leak"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="i_up" variable_2="i_up"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="Cai" variable_2="Cai"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="Ca_JSR" variable_2="Ca_JSR"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="Ca_NSR" variable_2="Ca_NSR"/>
  </connection>
  
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_1="L_type_Ca_channel" component_2="non_specific_calcium_activated_current"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="gamma_Nao" variable_2="gamma_Nao"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="gamma_Nai" variable_2="gamma_Nai"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="gamma_Ko" variable_2="gamma_Ko"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="gamma_Ki" variable_2="gamma_Ki"/>
  </connection>
  
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_1="fast_sodium_current" component_2="fast_sodium_current_m_gate"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="m" variable_2="m"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
  </connection>


  <connection>
    <map_components component_1="fast_sodium_current" component_2="fast_sodium_current_h_gate"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="h" variable_2="h"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
  </connection>
  
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_1="fast_sodium_current" component_2="fast_sodium_current_j_gate"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="j" variable_2="j"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
  </connection>
  
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_1="L_type_Ca_channel" component_2="L_type_Ca_channel_d_gate"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="d" variable_2="d"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
  </connection>
  
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_1="L_type_Ca_channel" component_2="L_type_Ca_channel_f_gate"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="f" variable_2="f"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
  </connection>
  
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_1="L_type_Ca_channel" component_2="L_type_Ca_channel_f_Ca_gate"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="f_Ca" variable_2="f_Ca"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="Cai" variable_2="Cai"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
  </connection>
  
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_1="time_dependent_potassium_current" component_2="time_dependent_potassium_current_X_gate"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="X" variable_2="X"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
  </connection>
  
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_1="time_dependent_potassium_current" component_2="time_dependent_potassium_current_Xi_gate"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="Xi" variable_2="Xi"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
  </connection>
  
  
  <connection>
    <map_components component_1="time_independent_potassium_current" component_2="time_independent_potassium_current_K1_gate"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="K1_infinity" variable_2="K1_infinity"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="E_K1" variable_2="E_K1"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="time" variable_2="time"/>
    <map_variables variable_1="V" variable_2="V"/>
  </connection>
  
  


<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#06b56481-8a0b-44e4-b51e-becc5946d0ae"><rdf:value xml:lang="en">
            The opening rate of the d gate.
          </rdf:value></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#b24b01df-79b2-4688-9b1a-6afaf16c3f68"><rdf:value xml:lang="en">
            The kinetics of the m gate.
          </rdf:value></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#39e0edc2-396f-45b0-9183-a47833a14cfd"><rdf:value xml:lang="en">
            The gating variable for the time-independent potassium current - the K1 gate.
          </rdf:value></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="cellml://cellml#beta_d_calculation_eq"><cmeta:comment><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#7e3e20b1-2812-44d7-af86-cc1b02c8dc88"/></cmeta:comment></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#eca238c5-1bac-4ef4-ba1b-1957814fb5a0"><rdf:value xml:lang="en">
            The reversal potential for the channel.
          </rdf:value></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="cellml://cellml#i_rel_calculation_eq"><cmeta:comment><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#cfed257d-2438-487f-bb26-32007b0a0c0a"/></cmeta:comment></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="cellml://cellml#i_CaCa_calculation_eq"><cmeta:comment><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#47d79ba7-612b-4607-a02b-d25d3431bfb0"/></cmeta:comment></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="cellml://cellml#membrane"><cmeta:comment><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#77c1a456-fc95-4761-b2f9-c539e2907e50"/></cmeta:comment></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#e3b59417-3a58-4c54-8ac2-4f3ace00863b"><rdf:value xml:lang="en">
            The opening rate for the K1 gate.
          </rdf:value></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="cellml://cellml#i_ns_K_calculation_eq"><cmeta:comment><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#3a6533b9-0f33-426a-8db1-098aa4ad0b57"/></cmeta:comment></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="cellml://cellml#alpha_f_calculation_eq"><cmeta:comment><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#0ee202ac-d501-4afd-a075-c903938bbb09"/></cmeta:comment></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#2cf60e99-7a37-4381-8053-6ce89db98df3"><rdf:value xml:lang="en">
            We need to use dV/dt in the calulation of calcium-induced 
            calcium-release, so we make it accessible here.
          </rdf:value></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="cellml://cellml#L_type_Ca_channel_d_gate"><cmeta:comment><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#da5c047d-5ff3-4b4e-9094-288d3fe1e33f"/></cmeta:comment></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="cellml://cellml#alpha_K1_calculation_eq"><cmeta:comment><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#e3b59417-3a58-4c54-8ac2-4f3ace00863b"/></cmeta:comment></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#3c3b2d5a-50bc-48f8-ae79-7e82b3cf3745"><rdf:type><rdf:Description rdf:about="http://imc.org/vCard/3.0#internet"/></rdf:type><rdf:value xml:lang="en">c.lloyd@auckland.ac.nz</rdf:value></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#5e0e2c60-77e0-4562-b96f-ac1c98a7a28e"><rdf:value xml:lang="en">
            The maximum calcium component of the total L-type channel current.
          </rdf:value></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#b5770b23-e0d6-4651-b301-346789ff2487"><rdf:value xml:lang="en">
            Calculation of the exchanger current.
          </rdf:value></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#83842078-f5a1-45f0-aa79-303bd328aeb1"><title xmlns="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xml:lang="en">Circulation Research</title></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#a52f1245-da89-4f75-a80c-6a20bbe7df33"><W3CDTF xmlns="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xml:lang="en">1994-06-01</W3CDTF></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="cellml://cellml#sodium_potassium_pump"><cmeta:comment><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#36872250-17ed-47dc-bc3b-f3907906f242"/></cmeta:comment></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#b93c8b21-d95e-4b2b-b211-94bc4ac4e74b"><rdf:value xml:lang="en">
          Fixed maths.
        </rdf:value><modified xmlns="http://purl.org/dc/terms/"><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#7317c75c-1477-464e-a64b-5dc429946bc4"/></modified><cmeta:modifier><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#4f0756bf-064e-4757-a8f9-d1dab5856c0c"/></cmeta:modifier></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="n1"><rdf:first><rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="n2"/></rdf:first><rdf:rest><rdf:Description rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#nil"/></rdf:rest></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="cellml://cellml#I_ns_Na_calculation_eq"><cmeta:comment><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#11db82ba-aadc-4708-a32a-3af86fd666a9"/></cmeta:comment></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#c1a52631-c294-44d6-ac5a-874857131743"><rdf:value xml:lang="en">
            The gating kinetics for the channel.
          </rdf:value></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="cellml://cellml#time_independent_potassium_current_K1_gate"><cmeta:comment><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#39e0edc2-396f-45b0-9183-a47833a14cfd"/></cmeta:comment></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="#luo_rudy_1994"><cmeta:comment><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#4914a490-5737-42b3-b8c4-c6a50f6eb541"/></cmeta:comment><cmeta:comment><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#6fa8996e-697d-4f0b-a56a-12c48427295d"/></cmeta:comment><title xmlns="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xml:lang="en">
        The Luo-Rudy II Model of Mammalian Ventricular Cardiac Action
        Potentials, 1994
      </title><simulation xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/metadata/simulation/1.0#"><rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="n3"/></simulation><cmeta:bio_entity xml:lang="en">Ventricular Myocyte</cmeta:bio_entity><cmeta:species xml:lang="en">Mammalia</cmeta:species><reference xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#"><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#e4f15e07-6376-4ddc-8b66-3f463cb3cc4f"/></reference><reference xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#"><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#5443d8e9-cec7-4789-a353-d69c80dc3985"/></reference><reference xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#"><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#5d83c922-e9af-4fbb-b547-2b06f999e78b"/></reference></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="cellml://cellml#calcium_background_current"><cmeta:comment><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#76a4e258-e129-4500-aaca-899a952d7532"/></cmeta:comment></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#8f34572e-b813-455a-8370-a4c302d20c12"><N xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#"><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#d7e04f1b-e9af-48d2-9d4f-7191f336cf41"/></N><ORG xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#"><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#715902b9-7a6c-4279-a54e-38a692026fc5"/></ORG><EMAIL xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#"><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#3c3b2d5a-50bc-48f8-ae79-7e82b3cf3745"/></EMAIL></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#06477d3e-368a-4468-b526-75ec896e4d78"><rdf:value xml:lang="en">
            The kinetics of for the j gate.
          </rdf:value></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#2b24949f-d4c5-42a8-b723-5eb181fad921"><rdf:value xml:lang="en">
            The reversal potential of the channel.
          </rdf:value></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="cellml://cellml#I_ns_K_calculation_eq"><cmeta:comment><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#bfe4cc97-227f-48d2-8200-a737a815dde8"/></cmeta:comment></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="cellml://cellml#I_CaCa_calculation_eq"><cmeta:comment><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#5e0e2c60-77e0-4562-b96f-ac1c98a7a28e"/></cmeta:comment></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="cellml://cellml#L_type_Ca_channel"><cmeta:comment><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#ba39ae91-30f3-494b-aba9-ec5199d2e9d2"/></cmeta:comment></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#8905761e-5adb-4bad-bde8-40ac702a9e82"><rdf:value xml:lang="en">
            The kinetics of the h gate.
          </rdf:value></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#6fa8996e-697d-4f0b-a56a-12c48427295d"><rdf:value xml:lang="en">This is the CellML description of Luo and Rudy's mathematical model of the mammalian cardiac ventricular action potential. It is a significant development on their original 1991 model. While this version of the model qualitatively compares well to the LR II paper for the action potential, the intracellular calcium dynamics have not been included correctly - namely there is no calcium-induced calcium-release (CICR) process in this version of the model. The original version of the model simulates CICR via a mechanism whereby CICR is induced if and only if the calcium accumulated in the cell in the 2 ms following (dV/dt)max exceeds a given threshold. This sort of process is a bit tricky to include in the CellML (or at least in a way that will work with the CellML abilitites of CMISS) so has been left out for now.</rdf:value><creator xmlns="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#b8a9302c-fa9a-4cd6-9ab9-1f482d730de2"/></creator></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="cellml://cellml#IStim_for_cmiss_eq"><cmeta:comment><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#acea15f8-7896-42b4-a9c8-1424fe3a72e5"/></cmeta:comment></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#76a4e258-e129-4500-aaca-899a952d7532"><rdf:value xml:lang="en">
            The background calcium current.
          </rdf:value></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="cellml://cellml#K1_infinity_calculation_eq"><cmeta:comment><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#1c98d94a-c7a7-4075-99c8-b40d62dc9c71"/></cmeta:comment></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#c52c955d-70b9-4a54-9a8c-17915a2c52f5"><rdf:type><rdf:Description rdf:about="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#Person"/></rdf:type><N xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#"><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#861bbbd5-fe3b-4f8f-b46f-162b384325a1"/></N></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#111cbb8c-9173-42a2-9b70-d7e7ef9d2e1a"><rdf:value xml:lang="en">
            The time-dependent potassium reploarisation current.
          </rdf:value></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#4f0756bf-064e-4757-a8f9-d1dab5856c0c"><N xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#"><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#999e4292-2d50-42c3-a3ce-66f2a04425ec"/></N></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#8c799ef3-8524-4d3c-b034-02521d109e44"><Other xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#" xml:lang="en">May</Other><Given xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#" xml:lang="en">Catherine</Given><Family xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#" xml:lang="en">Lloyd</Family></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="cellml://cellml#time_dependent_potassium_current_X_gate"><cmeta:comment><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#8e3c2ddd-c24e-4693-a428-2894fe5083de"/></cmeta:comment></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#0ee202ac-d501-4afd-a075-c903938bbb09"><rdf:value xml:lang="en">
            The opening rate of the f gate.
          </rdf:value></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#47d79ba7-612b-4607-a02b-d25d3431bfb0"><rdf:value xml:lang="en">
            The calcium component of the total L-type channel current.
          </rdf:value></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#5bfd99b6-78b5-41cc-8e53-5a1b9c86e9a6"><rdf:value xml:lang="en">
            Assign the rate of change of potential for the differential
            equation.
          </rdf:value></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#fd6ed334-98de-4f5d-869d-34b78004ae8c"><rdf:value xml:lang="en">
            The voltage-dependent inactivation gate for the fast sodium channel -
            the h gate.
          </rdf:value></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#b2365252-3112-4856-8f9c-f257ef576bd5"><FN xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#" xml:lang="en">Catherine Lloyd</FN></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="cellml://cellml#i_Na_calculation_eq"><cmeta:comment><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#4e27dc9d-a4bb-4bbd-9917-7710f97fb88e"/></cmeta:comment></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="cellml://cellml#time_dependent_potassium_current_Xi_gate"><cmeta:comment><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#aee9758d-e5f9-4e4a-bdfa-4f1e21aa9e71"/></cmeta:comment></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#3d8953ae-2ae0-4a86-80d5-f65c1d6ae520"><rdf:value xml:lang="en">
            The change in calcium concentration in the junctional sarcoplasmic
            reticulum.
          </rdf:value></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="cellml://cellml#fast_sodium_current_m_gate"><cmeta:comment><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#40a4ded6-74e7-45be-a71d-7bd249281610"/></cmeta:comment></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#9845ea23-14d8-4e82-93a4-d57bad1885df"><rdf:value xml:lang="en">
            The change in intracellular calcium concentration.
          </rdf:value></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="cellml://cellml#i_leak_calculation_eq"><cmeta:comment><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#f37d3616-ad4a-40e4-84a1-b51164d3c645"/></cmeta:comment></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#5d83c922-e9af-4fbb-b547-2b06f999e78b"><Pubmed_id xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#" xml:lang="en">7514509</Pubmed_id><JournalArticle xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#"><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#9945bd2e-af04-4977-810c-c9aeadc1299d"/></JournalArticle></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="cellml://cellml#df_dt_eq"><cmeta:comment><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#dcf4b094-5f49-4f18-844a-6542dc314118"/></cmeta:comment></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#8710373c-3c70-4e66-8de9-b935dad3d7a2"><rdf:value xml:lang="en">
            The total current through the channel.
          </rdf:value></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#47f37758-7bc6-485f-8a2f-3b30c2b18ad5"><rdf:value xml:lang="en">
            Calculation of the channel conductance.
          </rdf:value></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="cellml://cellml#beta_h_calculation_eq"><cmeta:comment><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#47017c89-3625-4d2c-83a0-4beb85a60991"/></cmeta:comment></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="cellml://cellml#calcium_fluxes_in_the_SR"><cmeta:comment><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#7e875b6a-12ad-4180-b8ed-8585fcca06a9"/></cmeta:comment></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#11405b4e-4614-4f56-aaf9-b2bf0029ad2b"><rdf:value xml:lang="en">
            The change in intracellular potassium concentration.
          </rdf:value></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="cellml://cellml#L_type_Ca_channel_f_gate"><cmeta:comment><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#8ffd294e-0126-4c1a-916a-789bb3c7c383"/></cmeta:comment></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#db427821-cde3-4ea6-acb4-aba173ceee89"><rdf:type><rdf:Description rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#Seq"/></rdf:type><rdf:_1><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#c52c955d-70b9-4a54-9a8c-17915a2c52f5"/></rdf:_1><rdf:_2><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#4d5ce500-b9d9-419a-9cf1-bbabf75b8e0d"/></rdf:_2></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="n3"><boundIntervals xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/metadata/simulation/1.0#"><rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="n1"/></boundIntervals></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#8e3c2ddd-c24e-4693-a428-2894fe5083de"><rdf:value xml:lang="en">
            The time-dependent activation gate for the time-dependent potassium
            current - the X gate.
          </rdf:value></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="cellml://cellml#E_NaN_calculation_eq"><cmeta:comment><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#eca238c5-1bac-4ef4-ba1b-1957814fb5a0"/></cmeta:comment></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#4d5ce500-b9d9-419a-9cf1-bbabf75b8e0d"><rdf:type><rdf:Description rdf:about="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#Person"/></rdf:type><N xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#"><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#4ab8758b-cff3-4b39-b055-f80680d672ae"/></N></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#6d7bfeaf-c43a-435d-8608-f02c5e4fdbce"><W3CDTF xmlns="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xml:lang="en">2003-06-05</W3CDTF></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#citationAuthorsSeq"><rdf:type><rdf:Description rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#Seq"/></rdf:type><rdf:_1><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#author1Vcard"/></rdf:_1><rdf:_2><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#author2Vcard"/></rdf:_2></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="cellml://cellml#potassium_internal_diff_eq"><cmeta:comment><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#11405b4e-4614-4f56-aaf9-b2bf0029ad2b"/></cmeta:comment></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="cellml://cellml#dV_dt_eq"><cmeta:comment><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#2cf60e99-7a37-4381-8053-6ce89db98df3"/></cmeta:comment></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="cellml://cellml#alpha_j_calculation_eq"><cmeta:comment><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#6cbb0fc7-8bd7-4acf-be74-070f925d4c43"/></cmeta:comment></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#b050f5b2-2da2-4ec8-8ef2-82ad63599e11"><rdf:type><rdf:Description rdf:about="http://imc.org/vCard/3.0#internet"/></rdf:type><rdf:value xml:lang="en">c.lloyd@auckland.ac.nz</rdf:value></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#11db82ba-aadc-4708-a32a-3af86fd666a9"><rdf:value xml:lang="en">
            The maximum sodium component of the channel's current.
          </rdf:value></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="cellml://cellml#i_CaNa_calculation_eq"><cmeta:comment><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#ecc0192c-13e9-45f9-850c-28d1cd1259ea"/></cmeta:comment></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#d7e04f1b-e9af-48d2-9d4f-7191f336cf41"><Other xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#" xml:lang="en">May</Other><Given xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#" xml:lang="en">Catherine</Given><Family xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#" xml:lang="en">Lloyd</Family></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="cellml://cellml#sarcolemmal_calcium_pump"><cmeta:comment><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#56cb841e-cf85-486d-b10d-d6ae381211cf"/></cmeta:comment></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#fda547bd-f935-468c-b90e-b8411713034c"><rdf:value xml:lang="en">
            Calculation of the release channel conductance. This is incorrect as
            there is no CICR induced via the accumulation of calcium in the
            cytosol in the period following max(dV/dt)
          </rdf:value></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="cellml://cellml#L_type_Ca_channel_f_Ca_gate"><cmeta:comment><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#22e1bab7-3119-41a0-81f5-fc23c1c43a69"/></cmeta:comment></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="cellml://cellml#i_K1_calculation_eq"><cmeta:comment><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#f2d1ca1a-68f8-4f41-9d64-9292a0f53b14"/></cmeta:comment></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#9795c58e-41a2-48e6-8c6f-c48c07c0e3f8"><rdf:value xml:lang="en">
            Calculation of the current.
          </rdf:value></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#413b80e5-a450-45aa-b0bb-42e1b6c55a51"><W3CDTF xmlns="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xml:lang="en">2002-03-28T00:00:00+00:00</W3CDTF></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="cellml://cellml#E_Kp_calculation_eq"><cmeta:comment><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#43d60ff4-386d-4018-b017-9ec441a88a83"/></cmeta:comment></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="cellml://cellml#i_Ca_b_calculation_eq"><cmeta:comment><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#ef1a7209-efdd-4c03-a2db-afc401ad754e"/></cmeta:comment></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="cellml://cellml#beta_X_calculation_eq"><cmeta:comment><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#1e3f89aa-bd17-4569-875f-82d9f7fd4bab"/></cmeta:comment></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#bfe4cc97-227f-48d2-8200-a737a815dde8"><rdf:value xml:lang="en">
            The maximum potassium component of the channel's current.
          </rdf:value></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="cellml://cellml#Xi_calculation_eq"><cmeta:comment><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#d82cd9a6-2d48-4037-9b4e-0a28b67a6a5e"/></cmeta:comment></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="cellml://cellml#i_Kp_calculation_eq"><cmeta:comment><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#9795c58e-41a2-48e6-8c6f-c48c07c0e3f8"/></cmeta:comment></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#75ec6763-3e25-4571-b618-2fbfb9df363f"><rdf:value xml:lang="en">
            A non-specific calcium activated channel - assumed impermeable to
            calcium ions but permeable to sodium and potassium ions.
          </rdf:value></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#author2VcardN"><Given xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#" xml:lang="en">Yoram</Given><Family xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#" xml:lang="en">Rudy</Family></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#ef1a7209-efdd-4c03-a2db-afc401ad754e"><rdf:value xml:lang="en">
            Calculation of the current.
          </rdf:value></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#7e3e20b1-2812-44d7-af86-cc1b02c8dc88"><rdf:value xml:lang="en">
            The closing rate of the d gate.
          </rdf:value></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#b8a9302c-fa9a-4cd6-9ab9-1f482d730de2"><FN xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#" xml:lang="en">Catherine Lloyd</FN></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#58ac972c-67fa-4760-8dd0-25e3774cc6b9"><rdf:value xml:lang="en">
            The potassium current active at plateau potentials.
          </rdf:value></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#a5c00cfc-0944-4520-912f-97cf98a40559"><W3CDTF xmlns="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xml:lang="en">2002-03-28</W3CDTF></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#6114ba02-ae30-4208-993c-f7c95eb48ad0"><rdf:value xml:lang="en">
            The sodium component of the channel's current.
          </rdf:value></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#c11aa70d-eb7a-43cd-98d8-92aaf242d822"><rdf:value xml:lang="en">
            The sodium-calcium exchanger current, exchanges three sodium ions
            for one calcium ion.
          </rdf:value></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#8ffd294e-0126-4c1a-916a-789bb3c7c383"><rdf:value xml:lang="en">
            The voltage-dependent inactivation gate for the L-type calcium
            channel - the f gate.
          </rdf:value></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#861bbbd5-fe3b-4f8f-b46f-162b384325a1"><Given xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#" xml:lang="en">Ching-hsing</Given><Family xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#" xml:lang="en">Luo</Family></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="cellml://cellml#Na_Ca_exchanger_eq"><cmeta:comment><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#4c6309a7-a8b2-41d4-b393-142d4c7cead2"/></cmeta:comment></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="cellml://cellml#membrane_voltage_diff_eq"><cmeta:comment><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#5bfd99b6-78b5-41cc-8e53-5a1b9c86e9a6"/></cmeta:comment></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#77c1a456-fc95-4761-b2f9-c539e2907e50"><rdf:value xml:lang="en">
            The main component for the model, contains all ionic currents and
            defines the transmembrane potential.
          </rdf:value></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#6cc8d6e1-e5ee-4fa4-8eb2-d0cfd3297cbe"><rdf:value xml:lang="en">
            The background sodium current.
          </rdf:value></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#1e3f89aa-bd17-4569-875f-82d9f7fd4bab"><rdf:value xml:lang="en">
            The closing rate for the X gate.
          </rdf:value></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#a62cff51-2a07-4dc8-bf52-072b950d2c45"><rdf:value xml:lang="en">
            The fast sodium current is primarily responsible for the upstroke of
            the action potential.
          </rdf:value></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="cellml://cellml#E_K_calculation_eq"><cmeta:comment><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#2b24949f-d4c5-42a8-b723-5eb181fad921"/></cmeta:comment></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#80947412-cef4-45d5-8e08-03e24effedb5"><rdf:value xml:lang="en">
            Translocation flux from the network to the junctional sarcoplasmic
            reticulum.
          </rdf:value></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="cellml://cellml#G_rel_calculation_eq"><cmeta:comment><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#fda547bd-f935-468c-b90e-b8411713034c"/></cmeta:comment></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#78a05906-6104-4bef-a22d-c90efdbe491d"><subject_type xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#" xml:lang="en">keyword</subject_type><rdf:value><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#21b67834-2f8c-4414-8298-9c2b6d280d40"/></rdf:value></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#7e2e55a0-16a4-4c73-846b-7011ade1e340"><rdf:value xml:lang="en">
            The time-independent potassium repolarisation current.
          </rdf:value></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="cellml://cellml#alpha_h_calculation_eq"><cmeta:comment><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#31113158-c092-4a36-af97-8db775f63e7d"/></cmeta:comment></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#c3ab0860-e7bc-4272-99bb-27831d3c5872"><rdf:value xml:lang="en">
            The closing rate for the j gate.
          </rdf:value></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="cellml://cellml#I_CaNa_calculation_eq"><cmeta:comment><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#91a35310-b6b0-4b4d-9975-6ab1107690a0"/></cmeta:comment></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#df428f1e-3520-4930-bbca-bcb82223dcd1"><rdf:value xml:lang="en">
            The closing rate for the K1 gate.
          </rdf:value></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#author1Vcard"><rdf:type><rdf:Description rdf:about="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#Person"/></rdf:type><N xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#"><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#author1VcardN"/></N></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about=""><publisher xmlns="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xml:lang="en">The University of Auckland, Auckland Bioengineering Institute</publisher><created xmlns="http://purl.org/dc/terms/"><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#413b80e5-a450-45aa-b0bb-42e1b6c55a51"/></created><cmeta:comment><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#155f38dc-8d67-4dc4-bbf0-d3466b688819"/></cmeta:comment><creator xmlns="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#fa274bc5-db0c-42d8-ba0a-cb9b67552438"/></creator></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="cellml://cellml#i_NaK_calculation_eq"><cmeta:comment><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#b5770b23-e0d6-4651-b301-346789ff2487"/></cmeta:comment></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="cellml://cellml#i_ns_Ca_calculation_eq"><cmeta:comment><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#8710373c-3c70-4e66-8de9-b935dad3d7a2"/></cmeta:comment></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#e70eab76-ebf0-472c-b3f7-586ca26f6190"><rdf:value xml:lang="en">
            The opening rate for the X gate.
          </rdf:value></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#b9af0253-a338-41b1-9897-c03504cb1f54"><rdf:value xml:lang="en">
            Calculation of the current.
          </rdf:value></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#d82cd9a6-2d48-4037-9b4e-0a28b67a6a5e"><rdf:value xml:lang="en">
            The kinetics of the Xi gate.
          </rdf:value></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#aee9758d-e5f9-4e4a-bdfa-4f1e21aa9e71"><rdf:value xml:lang="en">
            The time-independent inactivation gate for the time-dependent
            potassium current - the Xi gate.
          </rdf:value></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#90659886-14c8-4ca0-9ae9-ad99d85d57b8"><rdf:value xml:lang="en">
            The total current of the L-type channel current.
          </rdf:value></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#ba39ae91-30f3-494b-aba9-ec5199d2e9d2"><rdf:value xml:lang="en">
            The L-type calcium channel. Primarily a calcium specific channel,
            but with small potassium and sodium components, activated at plateau
            potentials.
          </rdf:value></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#47017c89-3625-4d2c-83a0-4beb85a60991"><rdf:value xml:lang="en">
            The closing rate for the h gate.
          </rdf:value></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="cellml://cellml#alpha_d_calculation_eq"><cmeta:comment><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#06b56481-8a0b-44e4-b51e-becc5946d0ae"/></cmeta:comment></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#91a35310-b6b0-4b4d-9975-6ab1107690a0"><rdf:value xml:lang="en">
            The maximum sodium component of the total L-type channel current.
          </rdf:value></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#60f5de3b-a543-42b2-b867-a60ca08189d7"><rdf:value xml:lang="en">
            The change in intracellular sodium concentration.
          </rdf:value></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#97f5942b-582c-4a35-ac70-eff2067e95f3"><title xmlns="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xml:lang="en">A Dynamic Model of the Cardiac Ventricular Action Potential I. Simulations of Ionic Currents and Concentration Changes</title><creator xmlns="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#citationAuthorsSeq"/></creator><issued xmlns="http://purl.org/dc/terms/"><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#dde0a569-a7b5-47c5-8ba8-4d082d77a641"/></issued><volume xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#" xml:lang="en">74</volume><first_page xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#" xml:lang="en">1071</first_page><Journal xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#"><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#83842078-f5a1-45f0-aa79-303bd328aeb1"/></Journal><last_page xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#" xml:lang="en">1096</last_page></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="n2"><maximumStepSize xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/metadata/simulation/1.0#" xml:lang="en">.1</maximumStepSize><endingValue xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/metadata/simulation/1.0#" xml:lang="en">10000</endingValue></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="cellml://cellml#beta_f_calculation_eq"><cmeta:comment><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#31486372-d1dc-4d54-972c-c71117a32e52"/></cmeta:comment></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#dcf4b094-5f49-4f18-844a-6542dc314118"><rdf:value xml:lang="en">
            The kinetics of the f gate.
          </rdf:value></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#f21980b4-b4fe-4b55-b51a-4848904f7cc1"><rdf:value xml:lang="en">
            The voltage-dependent slow inactivation gate for the fast sodium
            channel - the j gate.
          </rdf:value></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="cellml://cellml#alpha_m_calculation_eq"><cmeta:comment><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#4b682ab7-cdbc-47fb-8a9c-2f475ac2039e"/></cmeta:comment></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#4259f9af-a657-48bc-9e88-37d186943043"><rdf:value xml:lang="en">
          Fixed maths: alpha_J_calculation in fast_sodium_current_j_gate, beta_K1_calculation in time_independent_potassium_current_K1_gate, and i_NaK_calculation in sodium_potassium_pump.
        </rdf:value><modified xmlns="http://purl.org/dc/terms/"><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#6d7bfeaf-c43a-435d-8608-f02c5e4fdbce"/></modified><cmeta:modifier><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#d24a8cf8-ab5b-4d83-ba77-baf2022b840f"/></cmeta:modifier></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#eeea0bfd-f962-49f4-90aa-560d9b2ff5aa"><rdf:value xml:lang="en">
            The conductance for the channel.
          </rdf:value></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#f6653b54-323b-4fff-bbfd-708fac09667a"><Other xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#" xml:lang="en">May</Other><Given xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#" xml:lang="en">Catherine</Given><Family xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#" xml:lang="en">Lloyd</Family></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#5443d8e9-cec7-4789-a353-d69c80dc3985"><Pubmed_id xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#" xml:lang="en">7514509</Pubmed_id><JournalArticle xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#"><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#97f5942b-582c-4a35-ac70-eff2067e95f3"/></JournalArticle></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#74c8f184-9256-4be1-beab-ac8b7276f635"><rdf:value xml:lang="en">
            The kinetics of the fCa gate.
          </rdf:value></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#40a4ded6-74e7-45be-a71d-7bd249281610"><rdf:value xml:lang="en">
            The voltage-dependent activation gate for the fast sodium channel -
            the m gate.
          </rdf:value></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="cellml://cellml#g_K1_calculation_eq"><cmeta:comment><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#47f37758-7bc6-485f-8a2f-3b30c2b18ad5"/></cmeta:comment></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="cellml://cellml#i_p_Ca_calculation_eq"><cmeta:comment><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#13c03188-2ea0-42e6-b3c0-facf6d220ace"/></cmeta:comment></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="cellml://cellml#EnsCa_calculation_eq"><cmeta:comment><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#860e71ac-2d5e-45cc-a9e8-40a1ebc340fe"/></cmeta:comment></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="cellml://cellml#plateau_potassium_current"><cmeta:comment><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#58ac972c-67fa-4760-8dd0-25e3774cc6b9"/></cmeta:comment></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="cellml://cellml#ionic_concentrations"><cmeta:comment><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#286fd670-6f28-4e62-8fa3-4951ff063dc9"/></cmeta:comment></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#6ed40cfe-2830-4c4d-b6ff-2ab75608d720"><rdf:value xml:lang="en">
            The change in calcium concentration in the network sarcoplasmic
            reticulum.
          </rdf:value></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#9257a342-39f3-41b5-9a7f-388f4379b675"><Orgname xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#" xml:lang="en">The University of Auckland</Orgname><Orgunit xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#" xml:lang="en">Auckland Bioengineering Institute</Orgunit></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="cellml://cellml#fast_sodium_current_h_gate"><cmeta:comment><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#fd6ed334-98de-4f5d-869d-34b78004ae8c"/></cmeta:comment></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#fa274bc5-db0c-42d8-ba0a-cb9b67552438"><N xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#"><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#f6653b54-323b-4fff-bbfd-708fac09667a"/></N><ORG xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#"><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#9257a342-39f3-41b5-9a7f-388f4379b675"/></ORG><EMAIL xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#"><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#b050f5b2-2da2-4ec8-8ef2-82ad63599e11"/></EMAIL></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="cellml://cellml#Na_Ca_exchanger"><cmeta:comment><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#c11aa70d-eb7a-43cd-98d8-92aaf242d822"/></cmeta:comment></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#53493837-f9f6-4536-b2e1-bf2ea45f0690"><rdf:value xml:lang="en">
            The kinetics of the d gate.
          </rdf:value></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="cellml://cellml#dd_dt_eq"><cmeta:comment><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#53493837-f9f6-4536-b2e1-bf2ea45f0690"/></cmeta:comment></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="cellml://cellml#i_CaK_calculation_eq"><cmeta:comment><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#976183a8-493e-450f-be70-79434284c49e"/></cmeta:comment></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="cellml://cellml#i_tr_calculation_eq"><cmeta:comment><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#80947412-cef4-45d5-8e08-03e24effedb5"/></cmeta:comment></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#1150b3fc-c6e2-4389-9c48-c566f671553c"><rdf:value xml:lang="en">
            Calculation of reversal potential for the fast sodium channel.
          </rdf:value></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#4ab8758b-cff3-4b39-b055-f80680d672ae"><Given xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#" xml:lang="en">Yoram</Given><Family xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#" xml:lang="en">Rudy</Family></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="cellml://cellml#fast_sodium_current_j_gate"><cmeta:comment><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#f21980b4-b4fe-4b55-b51a-4848904f7cc1"/></cmeta:comment></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#13c03188-2ea0-42e6-b3c0-facf6d220ace"><rdf:value xml:lang="en">
            The calcium pump current.
          </rdf:value></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#4914a490-5737-42b3-b8c4-c6a50f6eb541"><rdf:value xml:lang="en">This is the CellML description of Luo and Rudy's mathematical model of the mammalian cardiac ventricular action potential. It is a significant development on their original 1991 model. While this version of the model qualitatively compares well to the LR II paper for the action potential, the intracellular calcium dynamics have not been included correctly - namely there is no calcium-induced calcium-release (CICR) process in this version of the model. The original version of the model simulates CICR via a mechanism whereby CICR is induced if and only if the calcium accumulated in the cell in the 2 ms following (dV/dt)max exceeds a given threshold. This sort of process is a bit tricky to include in the CellML (or at least in a way that will work with the CellML abilitites of CMISS) so has been left out for now.</rdf:value><creator xmlns="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#b2365252-3112-4856-8f9c-f257ef576bd5"/></creator></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#976183a8-493e-450f-be70-79434284c49e"><rdf:value xml:lang="en">
            The potassium component of the total L-type channel current.
          </rdf:value></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="cellml://cellml#f_Ca_calculation_eq"><cmeta:comment><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#74c8f184-9256-4be1-beab-ac8b7276f635"/></cmeta:comment></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#36872250-17ed-47dc-bc3b-f3907906f242"><rdf:value xml:lang="en">
            The sodium/potassium exchanger current which extrudes three sodium
            ions from the cell in exchange for two potassium ions entering the
            cell.
          </rdf:value></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="cellml://cellml#fast_sodium_current"><cmeta:comment><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#a62cff51-2a07-4dc8-bf52-072b950d2c45"/></cmeta:comment></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#31486372-d1dc-4d54-972c-c71117a32e52"><rdf:value xml:lang="en">
            The closing rate of the f gate.
          </rdf:value></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#7d0f8831-f90c-43a3-9205-faec5a2d88f3"><title xmlns="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xml:lang="en">Circulation Research</title></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#e4f15e07-6376-4ddc-8b66-3f463cb3cc4f"><subject xmlns="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#78a05906-6104-4bef-a22d-c90efdbe491d"/></subject></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#4b682ab7-cdbc-47fb-8a9c-2f475ac2039e"><rdf:value xml:lang="en">
            The opening rate for the m gate.
          </rdf:value></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="cellml://cellml#alpha_X_calculation_eq"><cmeta:comment><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#e70eab76-ebf0-472c-b3f7-586ca26f6190"/></cmeta:comment></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#3f987b9c-ae32-4c7e-9fdf-09c827e4a7cb"><FN xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#" xml:lang="en">James Lawson</FN></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="cellml://cellml#i_up_calculation_eq"><cmeta:comment><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#cb9693bc-2647-453b-9ab2-5c083422a712"/></cmeta:comment></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#da5c047d-5ff3-4b4e-9094-288d3fe1e33f"><rdf:value xml:lang="en">
            The voltage-dependent activation gate for the L-type calcium
            channel - the d gate.
          </rdf:value></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#7317c75c-1477-464e-a64b-5dc429946bc4"><W3CDTF xmlns="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xml:lang="en">2003-07-30</W3CDTF></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#f37d3616-ad4a-40e4-84a1-b51164d3c645"><rdf:value xml:lang="en">
            Calcium leak flux from the network sarcoplasmic reticulum into the
            cytosol.
          </rdf:value></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="cellml://cellml#dh_dt_eq"><cmeta:comment><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#8905761e-5adb-4bad-bde8-40ac702a9e82"/></cmeta:comment></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#d24a8cf8-ab5b-4d83-ba77-baf2022b840f"><N xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#"><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#8c799ef3-8524-4d3c-b034-02521d109e44"/></N></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#22e1bab7-3119-41a0-81f5-fc23c1c43a69"><rdf:value xml:lang="en">
            The calcium-dependent inactivation gate for the L-type calcium
            channel - the fCa gate.
          </rdf:value></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#dde0a569-a7b5-47c5-8ba8-4d082d77a641"><W3CDTF xmlns="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xml:lang="en">1994-06-01</W3CDTF></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#cfed257d-2438-487f-bb26-32007b0a0c0a"><rdf:value xml:lang="en">
            The release flux from the junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum into the
            cytosol.
          </rdf:value></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="cellml://cellml#g_K_calculation_eq"><cmeta:comment><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#eeea0bfd-f962-49f4-90aa-560d9b2ff5aa"/></cmeta:comment></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#6f57b22d-9d38-4fd7-a2e3-c020dd11ee72"><rdf:value xml:lang="en">
            The closing rate for the m gate.
          </rdf:value></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#43d60ff4-386d-4018-b017-9ec441a88a83"><rdf:value xml:lang="en">
            The reversal potential for the channel.
          </rdf:value></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#860e71ac-2d5e-45cc-a9e8-40a1ebc340fe"><rdf:value xml:lang="en">
            The channel reversal potential.
          </rdf:value></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#author2Vcard"><rdf:type><rdf:Description rdf:about="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#Person"/></rdf:type><N xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#"><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#author2VcardN"/></N></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#acea15f8-7896-42b4-a9c8-1424fe3a72e5"><rdf:value xml:lang="en">
            This is a dummy equation that we simply use to make grabbing the
            value in CMISS much easier.
          </rdf:value></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#author1VcardN"><Given xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#" xml:lang="en">Ching-hsing</Given><Family xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#" xml:lang="en">Luo</Family></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="cellml://cellml#calcium_internal_diff_eq"><cmeta:comment><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#9845ea23-14d8-4e82-93a4-d57bad1885df"/></cmeta:comment></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#5883b036-a136-49be-908e-0035c14c9d3e"><rdf:value xml:lang="en">
            Calculation of the channel reversal potential.
          </rdf:value></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="cellml://cellml#i_Ca_L_calculation_eq"><cmeta:comment><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#90659886-14c8-4ca0-9ae9-ad99d85d57b8"/></cmeta:comment></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#155f38dc-8d67-4dc4-bbf0-d3466b688819"><rdf:value xml:lang="en">This model contains a delay element in its mathematical description of CICR. Discrete delay elements can not yet be represented in CellML (as of CellML version 1.1) as as such, this model is non-functional. </rdf:value><creator xmlns="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#3f987b9c-ae32-4c7e-9fdf-09c827e4a7cb"/></creator></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="cellml://cellml"><publisher xmlns="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xml:lang="en">
        The University of Auckland, Auckland Bioengineering Institute
      </publisher><created xmlns="http://purl.org/dc/terms/"><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#a5c00cfc-0944-4520-912f-97cf98a40559"/></created><cmeta:modification><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#b93c8b21-d95e-4b2b-b211-94bc4ac4e74b"/></cmeta:modification><cmeta:modification><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#4259f9af-a657-48bc-9e88-37d186943043"/></cmeta:modification><creator xmlns="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#8f34572e-b813-455a-8370-a4c302d20c12"/></creator></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#a0fb41c6-024b-4adb-9bb9-9a86fcfbe740"><rdf:value xml:lang="en">
            Calculation of the current.
          </rdf:value></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="cellml://cellml#sodium_diff_eq"><cmeta:comment><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#60f5de3b-a543-42b2-b867-a60ca08189d7"/></cmeta:comment></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#f2d1ca1a-68f8-4f41-9d64-9292a0f53b14"><rdf:value xml:lang="en">
            Calculation of the channel current.
          </rdf:value></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#3a6533b9-0f33-426a-8db1-098aa4ad0b57"><rdf:value xml:lang="en">
            The potassium component of the channel's current.
          </rdf:value></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="cellml://cellml#beta_m_calculation_eq"><cmeta:comment><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#6f57b22d-9d38-4fd7-a2e3-c020dd11ee72"/></cmeta:comment></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#7e875b6a-12ad-4180-b8ed-8585fcca06a9"><rdf:value xml:lang="en">
            The various calcium fluxes into and from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
          </rdf:value></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="cellml://cellml#i_Na_b_calculation_eq"><cmeta:comment><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#b9af0253-a338-41b1-9897-c03504cb1f54"/></cmeta:comment></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="cellml://cellml#i_K_calculation_eq"><cmeta:comment><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#a0fb41c6-024b-4adb-9bb9-9a86fcfbe740"/></cmeta:comment></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#ecc0192c-13e9-45f9-850c-28d1cd1259ea"><rdf:value xml:lang="en">
            The sodium component of the total L-type channel current.
          </rdf:value></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#8da7daa7-8b4f-4d33-a5d5-0a2c1c2cd177"><rdf:value xml:lang="en">
            The kinetics of the X gate.
          </rdf:value></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="cellml://cellml#E_K1_calculation_eq"><cmeta:comment><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#5883b036-a136-49be-908e-0035c14c9d3e"/></cmeta:comment></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#21b67834-2f8c-4414-8298-9c2b6d280d40"><rdf:type><rdf:Description rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#Bag"/></rdf:type><rdf:_1 xml:lang="en">cardiac</rdf:_1><rdf:_2 xml:lang="en">ventricular myocyte</rdf:_2><rdf:_3 xml:lang="en">electrophysiology</rdf:_3></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="cellml://cellml#non_specific_calcium_activated_current"><cmeta:comment><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#75ec6763-3e25-4571-b618-2fbfb9df363f"/></cmeta:comment></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="cellml://cellml#time_independent_potassium_current"><cmeta:comment><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#7e2e55a0-16a4-4c73-846b-7011ade1e340"/></cmeta:comment></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#4e27dc9d-a4bb-4bbd-9917-7710f97fb88e"><rdf:value xml:lang="en">
            Calculation of the fast sodium current.
          </rdf:value></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#56cb841e-cf85-486d-b10d-d6ae381211cf"><rdf:value xml:lang="en">
            A calcium pump for removal of calcium from the cytosol to the
            extracellular space.
          </rdf:value></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="cellml://cellml#E_Na_calculation_eq"><cmeta:comment><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#1150b3fc-c6e2-4389-9c48-c566f671553c"/></cmeta:comment></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#9945bd2e-af04-4977-810c-c9aeadc1299d"><title xmlns="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xml:lang="en">A Dynamic Model of the Cardiac Ventricular Action Potential I. Simulations of Ionic Currents and Concentration Changes</title><creator xmlns="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#db427821-cde3-4ea6-acb4-aba173ceee89"/></creator><issued xmlns="http://purl.org/dc/terms/"><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#a52f1245-da89-4f75-a80c-6a20bbe7df33"/></issued><volume xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#" xml:lang="en">74</volume><first_page xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#" xml:lang="en">1071</first_page><Journal xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#"><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#7d0f8831-f90c-43a3-9205-faec5a2d88f3"/></Journal><last_page xmlns="http://www.cellml.org/bqs/1.0#" xml:lang="en">1096</last_page></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#87a92d7c-0058-4baf-b791-0450ebf7b58a"><rdf:value xml:lang="en">
            The reversal potential for the channel.
          </rdf:value></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#cb9693bc-2647-453b-9ab2-5c083422a712"><rdf:value xml:lang="en">
            The uptake flux into the sarcoplasmic reticulum from the cytosol.
          </rdf:value></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#31113158-c092-4a36-af97-8db775f63e7d"><rdf:value xml:lang="en">
            The opening rate for the h gate.
          </rdf:value></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#999e4292-2d50-42c3-a3ce-66f2a04425ec"><Other xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#" xml:lang="en">May</Other><Given xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#" xml:lang="en">Catherine</Given><Family xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#" xml:lang="en">Lloyd</Family></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="cellml://cellml#calcium_JSR_diff_eq"><cmeta:comment><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#3d8953ae-2ae0-4a86-80d5-f65c1d6ae520"/></cmeta:comment></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="cellml://cellml#dX_dt_eq"><cmeta:comment><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#8da7daa7-8b4f-4d33-a5d5-0a2c1c2cd177"/></cmeta:comment></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="cellml://cellml#dj_dt_eq"><cmeta:comment><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#06477d3e-368a-4468-b526-75ec896e4d78"/></cmeta:comment></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="cellml://cellml#beta_K1_calculation_eq"><cmeta:comment><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#df428f1e-3520-4930-bbca-bcb82223dcd1"/></cmeta:comment></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="cellml://cellml#calcium_NSR_diff_eq"><cmeta:comment><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#6ed40cfe-2830-4c4d-b6ff-2ab75608d720"/></cmeta:comment></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#1c98d94a-c7a7-4075-99c8-b40d62dc9c71"><rdf:value xml:lang="en">
            The steady-state kinetics of the K1 gate.
          </rdf:value></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="cellml://cellml#i_ns_Na_calculation_eq"><cmeta:comment><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#6114ba02-ae30-4208-993c-f7c95eb48ad0"/></cmeta:comment></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#06aad638-233d-4443-aa4b-48d2117be163"><rdf:value xml:lang="en">
            The maximum potassium component of the total L-type channel current.
          </rdf:value></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="cellml://cellml#I_CaK_calculation_eq"><cmeta:comment><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#06aad638-233d-4443-aa4b-48d2117be163"/></cmeta:comment></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#4c6309a7-a8b2-41d4-b393-142d4c7cead2"><rdf:value xml:lang="en">
            Calculation of the exchanger current.
          </rdf:value></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="cellml://cellml#sodium_background_current"><cmeta:comment><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#6cc8d6e1-e5ee-4fa4-8eb2-d0cfd3297cbe"/></cmeta:comment></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="cellml://cellml#E_CaN_calculation_eq"><cmeta:comment><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#87a92d7c-0058-4baf-b791-0450ebf7b58a"/></cmeta:comment></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#715902b9-7a6c-4279-a54e-38a692026fc5"><Orgname xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#" xml:lang="en">The University of Auckland</Orgname><Orgunit xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#" xml:lang="en">Auckland Bioengineering Institute</Orgunit></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#6cbb0fc7-8bd7-4acf-be74-070f925d4c43"><rdf:value xml:lang="en">
            The opening rate for the j gate.
          </rdf:value></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#286fd670-6f28-4e62-8fa3-4951ff063dc9"><rdf:value xml:lang="en">
            Component grouping together the differential equations for the
            various ionic concentrations that the model tracks.
          </rdf:value></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="cellml://cellml#Kp_calculation_eq"><cmeta:comment><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#c1a52631-c294-44d6-ac5a-874857131743"/></cmeta:comment></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="cellml://cellml#dm_dt_eq"><cmeta:comment><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#b24b01df-79b2-4688-9b1a-6afaf16c3f68"/></cmeta:comment></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="cellml://cellml#time_dependent_potassium_current"><cmeta:comment><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#111cbb8c-9173-42a2-9b70-d7e7ef9d2e1a"/></cmeta:comment></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="cellml://cellml#beta_j_calculation_eq"><cmeta:comment><rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#c3ab0860-e7bc-4272-99bb-27831d3c5872"/></cmeta:comment></rdf:Description></rdf:RDF></model>